英语三大从句复习
第一节从句的基本认识
一、从句的概念
英语中的从句是指在主句中担任某个句子成分的句子。
二、从句的分类
一般按其功能分为三大类：名词性从句，形容词性从句，及副词性从句。
主语从句
名词性从句表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
形容词性从句---定语从句。是用来修饰名词或代词的句子，具有形容词性。
副词性从句---状语从句。在句中作状语。
第二节从句的基本特点及用法
一、各个从句的共同特点：
1、都有引导词；
2、都有主谓结构；
3、都在主句中担任一个句子成分，不能独立存在。
二、各种从句在主句中的位置及其作用
1、主语从句+谓语
2、主语+系动词+表语从句
3、主语+谓语+宾语从句
eg. I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.
Can you tell me where Mary lives?
注：宾语从句还可以在介词、不定式、V-ing ,及少数形容词后当它们的宾语。
eg. We all agree with him on what he said.
I haven’t found my book yet; in fact, I am not sure where I could have done with it.
4、…同位语词news(idea , fact , hope , promise etc)+同位语从句
eg. We heard the news that our team had won.
5.…主语（先行词）+定语从句+谓语
主语+谓语+宾语（先行词）+定语从句
主语+系动词+表语（先行词）+定语从句
+eg. Gone are the days when Shanghai was a paradise for imperialist adventures.
Is this the restaurant in which you work?
6. 主句+状语从句或状语从句，+主句注意逗号
三．各种从句的引导词的选择。
关于这个问题是学生学习从句这一内容的最大障碍，要弄清属于什么从句，除了分清各从句在主句中的位置外，关键在于弄懂各个引导词在从句中的作用。要使学生做到这点，我们可根据各类从句的特点通过列表说明。
表1：名词性从句的引导词
注意: [1]表语从句还可以用as if/though(好像，婉如)来引导
[2]whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever主要引导主语从句和宾语从句。
[3]同位语从句往往用连词that和连接副词来引导。
[4]名词性从句的引导词除that外，都有词义；除that, if, whether外，都在从句中担任句子成分。
[5]连词that在宾语从句中往往省去。如：He told me (that) he had bought a new lamp.
[6]名词性从句的引导词根据其词义进行选择，并参考其在从句中担任的成分。
表2：定语从句的引导词
注意:[1]定语从句的引导词在从句中都担任句子。
[2]定语从句的引导词无具体词义，大都可翻译成汉语的“的”字。
[3]定语从句的引导词和先行词是同一概念的事物。
[4]引导词在定语从句中当宾语时可以省去。
[5]定语从句的引导词是根据先行词进行选择。
[6]what不能当定语从句的引导词。
7. 强调句型
表3：状语从句的引导词
注：（1）状语从句的引导词都有具体词义，担在从句中不担任句子成分。
（2）状语从句的引导词的选择首先看是属于哪一类从句，再根据引导词的词义适当地进行选择。
（3）状语从句的引导词一般不省略。
（4）让步状语从句由as（尽管）引导时，从句的表语或状语要放在as之前。
如：Poor as he was, he was honest.
Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.
（5）however（无论怎样）,no matter how（无论怎样）引导的让步状语从句其后须紧跟形容词或副词。如：No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink.
No matter how difficult the work may be, we must surely complete it.
各大从句解题思路：
第一步：首先弄清句子结构，再查看考查的是哪一种从句。
第二步：知道是什么从句后，再确定相应的关系词
题组一从句
)24. It is by no means clear _______ the president can do to end the strike.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. what
)9. It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing —both roads lead to the park.
A. whether
B. how
C. if
D. when
（22. It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A. whether
B. when
C. which
D. where
31. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. why
)38. — We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?
— No, I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
22. __________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which
B. What
C. That
D. Whom
7. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A. where
B. whether
C. that
D. why
35.We promise _____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever
(
26. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doe r, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. why
24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A. why
B. how
C. that
D. whether
31. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
）26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset.
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
）32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
A. they
B. where
C. what
D. that
28．By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A．which B．when C．what D．that
14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
A. them
B. that
C. which
D. what
39. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. as
11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which
B. where
C. who
D. that
19. It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.
A. though
B. whether
C. as
D. since
29. __________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at baske tball.
A. Since
B. Once
C. Unless
D. While
36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ____ it comes out
on DVD.
A. whether
B. after
C. though
D. until
7. The police officers in our city work hard _____ the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case
B. as if
C. in order that
D. only if
6. As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
A. when
B. before
C. after
D. since
）29. He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
A. since
B. as
C. when
D. than
25. I don't believe we've met before, _______ I must say you do look familiar.
A. therefore
B. although
C. since
D. unless
复合句 【语法要点】 复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。根据从句在句子中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。 （一）名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that、if、whether；疑问代词who、what、which和疑问副词when、where、how、why等。 1.名词性从句句法结构： 从 属 连 词that whether 主 语 从 句 That he will come is certain.（that不可省） Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. （不能用if） 宾 语 从 句 I think（that）he will be all right in a few days. I went in and asked if（=whether）they had a cheap suit. I wonder whether（不能用if）it is true or not. 表 语 从 句 The fact is（that）I have never been there. The question is whether（不能用if）it is worth doing. 同 位 语 从 句 The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. 连接代词 that who whom whose which 主 语 从 句 Who will help him is not known. What he said is very important. Which side will win is not clear. 宾 语 从 句 （1）作及物动词的宾语。例如： I really don’t know what he is doing. Do you know who/whom they are waiting for? He asked whose dictionary it was. He can’t tell which method they will use for the experiment. （2）作介词的宾语。例如： Pay attention to what the teacher said. I wondered to whom he had given the letter. 表 语 从 句 That is what he is worried about. The question is who will come here. The question is which team will win the match.
从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
PART1：英语从句三大类型 按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。 一,名词性从句 1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen. 2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not. 3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not. 4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not. 二,定语从句 1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well. 2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well. 三,状语从句 1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here. 2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like. 3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student. 4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king. 5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well. 6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well. 7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me. 8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little. PART2：经典名词性从句 主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。 That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。What he said is true. 他说的是真的。 Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party?你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？ This party's really where it's at, man! 啊，这个晚会真棒！ Tell us how you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的。 We have reason to believe that the fighting on the border may develop into a full-blown war. (喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。 He said that he would come. 他说他要来。 Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
高考英语定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句综合练习 一定语从句 1.定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句为定语从句，如： The novels that were written by Lu Xun were not easy to understand. 2.定语从句的构成要素 （1）先行词： （2）关系词： （3）从句： 3.定语从句的关系词 that which （1）关系代词who whom whose as when （2）关系副词where why 4.关系词的句法功能： （1）关系代词在定语从句中作______________，关系副词在定语从句中作_______________，关系代词作宾语时可以省略； （2）关系副词在定语从句中作______________。 5.定语从句解题方法 找准先行词，将先行词带入定语从句，使定语从句成为一个完整的句子，再分析从句的句子成分。若从句缺主语或宾语选用_____________________，若从句却状语，选用_____________________。 二、名词性从句 1.名词性从句分类 （1）主语从句 （2）宾语从句 （3）表语从句 （4）同位语从句 2.名词性从句的语序 名词性从句使用________________语序 3.名词性从句的引导词 连接词：that, whether, if
名从引导词连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whomever, whomever 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 4.名词性从句引导词的句法功能 （1）连接词： （2）连接代词： （3）连接副词 5.名词性从句解题方法 三、状语从句 1.状语从句的引导词： 时间状语从句： 地点状语从句： 原因状语从句： 让步状语从句： 条件状语从句： 结果状语从句： 目的状语从句： 比较状语从句： 方式状语从句： 2.状语从句解题方法 The evening, _________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2.（2010福建）We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have _____we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 3.（2008湖南）__________ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As 4.（2008重庆）They will fly to Washington, _________ they plan to stay for tow or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when
中考英语三大从句练习及答案解析 定语从句： （一）基础：引导词---who, which, that, whom, 练习1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working. 3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring. 4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot. 5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy. 6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen. 7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading. 8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting. （二）特例：只用that的情况 1先行词被___________或___________所修饰，或本身是______________________时，只能用 that， 2.被修饰的先行词为 ________________________________________________等不定代词时, 只能用 that. 3.先行词被 _____________________________________________等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用which。 4.先行词里同时含有______________________，如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5. 以______________________引导的特殊疑问句，只能用that.如： Who is the girl that is crying? 练习1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup. 2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost 4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used. 6. He was the first person _______passed the exam. 7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly. （三）whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there. 2. I like the rooms ______windows face south. 3. This is the desk ______legs were broken. 4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.. 6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old. （四）从句谓语单复数由先行词确定，时态由从句时间状语决定，不必跟主句保持一致。 1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework. 2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting. 3- 4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class. 5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China. 10I’m one of the boys ______ ________(like) English best. (五)“介词＋关系代词”注意：介词的选用要考虑： A.与先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day __________ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days ______ I worked here. 3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college.
中考从句讲与练 定语从句： （一）基础：引导词---who, which, that, whom, 练习1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working. 3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring. 4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot. 5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy. 6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen. 7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading. 8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting. （二）特例：只用that的情况 1先行词被___________或___________所修饰，或本身是______________________时，只能用 that， 2.被修饰的先行词为 ________________________________________________等不定代词时, 只能用 that. 3.先行词被 _____________________________________________等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which。 4.先行词里同时含有______________________，如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5. 以______________________引导的特殊疑问句，只能用that.如： Who is the girl that is crying? 练习1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup. 2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost 4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used. 6. He was the first person _______passed the exam. 7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly. （三）whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there. 2. I like the rooms ______windows face south. 3. This is the desk ______legs were broken. 4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.Here comes a girl ___ handwriting is the best . 6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old. （四）从句谓语单复数由先行词确定，时态由从句时间状语决定，不必跟主句保持一致。 1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework. 2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting. 3-Children who often ____(eat) junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy. 4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class. 5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China. 10I’m one of the boys ______ ________(like) English best. (五)“介词＋关系代词”注意：介词的选用要考虑： A.与先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day __________ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days ______ I worked here. 3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college. B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1）Have you found the book ________I paid 29 dollars? 2）Have you found the book ________I spent 29 dollars? 3)Have you found the book _____________we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book _______she often talks? 关系副词的用法 练习：1. It must be a good place ________________we can do a lot of exercise.
名词性从句练习题 1._______ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 2. They have no idea at all ____________. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has been 3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _______________. A. where he is most needed B. where he needed C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed 5. The early years of the D.U company were characterized by a debate concerning or individual form should have more power. A. whether the cooperation form B. either the cooperation form C. that cooperation form D.the cooperation form 6. Can you make sure _____________ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 7. No one can be sure _____________ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 8. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 9. It worried her a bit _____________ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for 10. _____________ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 11. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 12. He asked _____________ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
英语五大基本句型 一)主+ 系+ 表语 例：You are a baby 系动词：联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 例如：He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） 说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。例如：He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。1）be动词--用来表示主语状态。 例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词--用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度。 主要有：keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。 例如：This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词--用来表示"看起来像"这一概念， 主要有：seem, appear, look。 例1：He seems （to be）very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 例2：—You don’t look very _____.Are you ill? （2003春） —No, I’m just a bit tired. A．good B．well C．strong D．healthy 【句意】：你看上去不是很健康，生病了吗？【答案】：B 【分析】：look well 此时well是形容词表示健康 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例1：-Do you like the material? (1994) -Yes, it __________ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 【句意】：你喜欢这个材料吗？是的手感很软【答案】：C 【分析】：soft形容词做feel的表语.感官系动词表示感觉所以要用一般现在时例2：The story sounds___ (1989) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true 【句意】：这个故事听起来是真的【答案】：D 【分析】：sound是.感官系动词所以后加形容词做表语 例3：These oranges taste __________. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 【句意】：这些橘子吃起很好吃【答案】：A 【分析】：taste是.感官系动词所以后加形容词做表语所以答案是A 5）变化系动词---这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词 主要有：become, grow, turn, get, go 等。 例：It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.(1992)他头发变得灰白让他忧虑。 6）终止系动词--表示主语已终止动作. 主要有：prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意。
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
一. 宾语从句object clause： 一. 定义definition： 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二. 连接词connections： that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用： I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用： He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时： It depends on whether he is coming. 三. 时态tenses: 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1）She said that she was a student. 2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 二. 定语从句Attributive clause： 1.定义：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句 2.先行词指人who /that 先行词指物which/ that 3. 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后 4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词 5.翻译方法“…. 的” Eg. 1. Yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand. 2. The students who are from Maple Leaf School like learning English. Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）, 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom 1.This is the teacher whom\who we like best. 2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking. Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示“…的” eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.
第五讲并列句和三大从句 第一组定语从句 1.(2020辽宁大连双基测试，)The 55-km Hong Kong Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, ____________________was opened on Oct. 24, 2018connects Guangdong Province with China's two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macao. 2.(2020黑龙江哈尔滨三中二调，)In 1984,Dr.Mary Groda-Lewis, ____________________was thirty-five years old then, graduated with honors and realized her dream 3.(2020陕西咸阳)He said,"...I added a small moustache____________________would add age without hiding my expression." 4.(2020新疆乌鲁木齐二诊)The act,____________________forbids trading, was passed in 1448 and is still in force. 5.(2020陕西汉中一模，41)Our office wasn't far from Chinatown,____________________ I found some very good Chinese restaurants 6.(2020黑龙江大庆一中)As more and more people own private cars, parking has become a big headache for many car owners, especially for those____________________ live in downtown areas without enough parking spaces. 7.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨六中二模，61)Now millions of fans are eagerly awaiting its eighth and final season,____________________starts on April 14. 8.(2018陕西宝鸡质检，65)Then,a fire,____________________broke out in1969 on Cleveland's Cuyahoga River, shed light on the problem of chemical pollution in water. 【答案】 1.which 句意：长55公里的港珠澳大桥于2018年10月24日开通，它将广东省与中国的两个特别行政区——香港和澳门——连接起来。设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词The 55-km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge,关系代词在从句中作主语，故填which。 2.who 句意：1984年，Mary Groda-Lewis博士以优异的成绩毕业并实现了自己的梦想，当时她35岁。先行词为Dr.Mary Groda-Lewis,设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。 3.which 句意：他说：“……我增加了一小最胡子，这会在不掩盖表情的情况下让我看起来年龄大些。”分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a small moustache,故用关系代词which。 4.which 句意：这项禁止贸易的法令于1448年通过，至今仍然有设空处指代先行词Theact,故由which引导