On Jane Austen’s Point of View of Marriage in
Pride and Prejudice
Acknowledgements
This thesis has finally come into being to meet critical eyes through two months of hard work. From the very beginning when I chose the topic till the completion of the thesis, I have benefited from many people .
First of all I would like to show my sincere gratitude to my tutor, Shen Guozheng. Without his sincere and trustworthy guidance，valuable suggestions and critical comments，it would be difficult for me to accomplish this thesis．His loyalty to teaching and punctilious work style has profoundly impressed me.
Moreover, I heartily thank all the teachers who have helped me in the past four years, who have provided me with incentives and direction for my study. Thanks are also due to my classmates and friends for their constant encouragement and their ways of assistance in the course of writing.
Last but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my family members, for their selfless support，thoughtfulness and encouragement．
Abstract
Jane Austen was one of the distinguished realistic novelists in the nineteenth- century-English literature．Pride and Prejudice is a world wide popular novel published in 1813．Austen set the story in the first decade of the nineteenth century．At that time，marriage was the only way for women to gain social status and recognition. The author of the present thesis will analyze the five marriage patterns from the perspective of sociohistorical literary criticism to explore the important role that money and love plays in marriage. It can be seen clearly that Austen fully expresses her original views on marriage：property, social status and love are three indispensable elements in a marriage．It is wrong to marry for money，but it is unwise to marry without money. Austen?s views on marriage emphasize love and economic condition, but love plays the significant role，which is the predominant aspect at Austen?s time. The thesis tries to draw some inspiration from Austen and provide some hints for modern women in their view of marriage, and add something new into the literary criticism of the great work of Jane Austen.
Key Words：Pride and Prejudice; views on marriage; love; property; realistic significance
内容摘要
简·奥斯汀是十九世纪英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义小说家之一。她的《傲慢与偏见》于1813年问世，是一部享誉世界的著名小说。小说将故事情节置于十九世纪初，十九世纪的英国，婚姻是女性获得社会地位和社会认知的唯一途径。本文使用社会历史批评的方法来分析小说中五种不同类型的婚姻，探讨金钱与爱情在婚姻中的重要作用，从而得出作者简·奥斯汀的婚姻观：财产、门第和爱情是婚姻中必不可少的三个因素，为了金钱而结婚是错误的，然而缺少金钱的婚姻也是不明智的。奥斯汀的婚姻观强调爱情和经济条件，但是爱情起着重要的作用，这一点在奥斯汀所处时代是有重要意义的。本文作者意在借用奥斯汀的一些进步观点为现代女性在婚姻观方面提供一些借鉴，同时为使用文学批评方法研究奥斯汀的这一著作增添一些新的东西。
关键词：《傲慢与偏见》；婚姻观；爱情；财产；现实意义
Contents
Acknowledgements (ⅰ)
Abstract(English) (ⅱ)
Abstract(Chines e) (ⅲ)
1. Introduction (1)
2. Sociohistorial literary criticism (1)
3. Sociohistorical analysis of five marriages in Pride and Prejudice (2)
3.1 Mr. and Mrs. Bennet (3)
3.2 Jane and Bingley (4)
3.3 Elizabeth and Darcy (5)
3.4 Lydia and Wickham (5)
3.5 Charlotte and Collins (6)
4. Signifi cance of Austen?s views on marriage in Pride and Prejudice (7)
4.1 Progressiveness of Austen?s views on marriage (8)
4.2 Limitation of Austen?s views on marriage (8)
5.Conclusion (9)
Works Cited (11)
1. Introduction
Jane Austen was one of the distinguished English novelists of the nineteenth century．She was born on December 16，1775，in the village of Steventon Hampshire，England．As a daughter of a country clergyman，Austen never entered a formal school，but she was well educated by her family. At the age of about twelve，Austen began to write．She wrote and completed six novels and three minor writings in her life time．She was obviously a fruitful novelist and engaged in writing for all her life．“She is said to have the equal name as Sir Walter Scott”(Duckworth 23).
Both in the west and in China, Pride and Prejudice has got great attention from the critics and many critics have commented it from sociohistorical aspect．Although some scholars analyzed Austen?s views on marriage，the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet is often neglected．So the thesis aims to make a deep analysis of marriages in Pride and Prejudice，in order that we can fully understand the original views on marriage，and can add something new into the literary criticism of the great work of Jane Austen．
Like her other novels，Pride and Prejudice focuses on five families in the town．The main characters are the ladies from the genteel class. Austen uses characters as literary devices to show the relationship between married for love and married for alternative reasons．Marriage was thought to be the single possible fulfillment for a woman at the time when Austen wrote the novel．Marriag e played an important role in women?s life．
The author of the present thesis will analyze the five marriage patterns from the perspective of sociohistorical literary criticism. Part one is a brief introduction of Jane Austen and Pride and Prejudice. Part two will introduce sociohistorical literary criticism in a brief way, and next the thesis will present a sociohistorical anslysis of five marriages in Pride and Prejudice. Part four is the significance of Austen?s views on marriage. The positive aspects tha t Austen emphasizes on love between male and female and on women?s education are included, as well as the limitation. The last part of the thesis is conclusion. Although women become independent in economy, marriage is still their important life goal．Auste n?s views on marriage give useful advice for selecting their proper mates．
2. Sociohistorical literary criticism
Sociohistorical literary criticism first appeared in Italy, but became popular in France．It
emphasizes the relationship between literary and social activities．It is thought that literary represents the life and forms in a certain social and historical environment．So the main literary value lies in its understanding of the social function and historical significance．The principle of it is that analyzing，understanding and evaluation of a literary work will be taken into consideration of the work?s social and historical background and the writer?s life and other experiences. Therefore, the analysis of literature must be started from the social and historical situation．
Sociohistorical approach has four main characteristics：
1．Analyzing literary works through specific social and historical context．Each literary work belongs to its age and its people，each has its own special environment．It needs to be placed in the times it has been created．
2．To regard works as a cognitive model to deep understanding of the community．Social and historical criticism tries to analyze works? social background so as to deeply understand society．
3．To view the degree of reflecting the reality as an important criterion to judge the work．Social and historical criticism requires the writers to reflect real life，and to advocate creation of typical images，that is to see the universality from specificity in order to reflect the reality of real life．
4．When explaining a literary work，society, class and political factors are always in first place so as to explore works? social，class and political value．
Social and historical criticism has the significance of the original criticisms，as literature is always a product of social history．Using historical perspective to search for the spiritual relations between literary and social history, and combine the reality of society and historical continuity, in order that given due attention to the complex diversity of literary and social history．That is just the essence of social and historical criticism．
3. Sociohistorical analysis of five marriages in Pride and Prejudice
In Pride and Prejudice，Austen opens with a direct reference to money marriage and shows that how the delicate human emotions interact with and are influenced by financial considerations. The brilliant first sentence outlines the plot and states the underlying theme of
social criticism：“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”(Austen 1)．“a good fortune” and “in want of”are two key phrases．“in want of” means the single man needs a wife objectively, while “a good fortune”means that single man becomes a subjective target of the girl who wants to capture him as husband．Such kind of words makes the proposition have more objectivity of “truth”．Women?s choices in Jane Austen?s society were severely limited．Marriage was not merely a problem of love；what is more，it was a problem of economy．Both Austen and her heroines are more interested in money than in other more important considerations when it comes to choosing husbands．However, it does not mean that Austen?s views on marriage are vulgar. On the contrary, they truly reflect the social and historical conventions of her time．
As a female writer of women?s love and marriage at her time，Jane Austen describes marriage as more for convenience rather than compatibility．Marriage is based on economic and social backgrounds．In other words，it is far more based on money and not on 1ove．Throughout Pride and Prejudice，Austen?s views on marriage are conveyed through the marriage of several different characters and their marriage patterns.
3.1 Mr. and Mrs. Bennet
The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet is a typical instance of the traditional marriage in the eighteenth century．Their marriage quite dearly shows that the two have never experienced much mutual love and is done mostly for financial benefit. It is a safe preserve to Mrs. Bennet，but is a tragedy to Mr. Bennet.
Austen depicts Mrs. Bennet as a simple-minded pretty woman who frequently complains about her nerve:
Her mind was less difficult to develop．She was a woman of mean understanding，
little information，and uncertain temper. When she was discontented she fancied
herself nervous．The business of her life was to get her daughters married；its solace
was visiting and news．(Austen 3)
Mr. Bennet is an intelligent and witty man．He “was so odd a mixture of quick parts，
sarcastic humor, reserve and caprice，that the experience of three and twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character”(Austen 3)．It shows that there is no marital happiness of emotional and intellectual understanding between the couple．Mr. Bennet married for beauty and money．After marriage，he soon realized that Mrs. Bennet，due to her intellectual weakness and narrow vision，would not make her an ideal wife．He puts an end to all real affection for her．
To Mr．and Mrs. Bennet，their marriage is a social responsibility, even when love disappears，the marriage still can be continuing．Through their marriage，Austen tries to show that Mrs. Bennet is unfairly treated，and the women?s social status is very low in the patriarchal society．As a typical woman of that time，she was merely educated in pleasing the male．But in the real life．she could not satisfy with her husband．Austen seems to ridicule Mrs. Bennet，in fact，she criticizes this unequal society. She believes that both men and women should enjoy equal treatment．Although the world is dominated by men，and men are considered as intelligent and sensible，not all of them are qualified．Mr. Bennet provides a good example．He has intelligence and insights，but he is not a qualified husband，nor a qualified father．
3.2 Jane and Bingley
Jane，the eldest daughter of Bennet family, is a good-natured and gentle woman with introverted disposition．Bingley is a wealthy, handsome，cordial and simple young man who is easy to approach and constant in love．At a dancing party in Meryton，Jane and Bingley fall in love with each other at first sight．Jane expresses her true feelings to Bingley：“He is just what a young man ought to be，”…“sensible，good-humored，lively；and I never saw such happy manners!--so much ease，with such perfect good breeding” (Austen 10). In the eyes of Bingley, Jane is “the most beautiful creature I ever beheld”(Austen 8)．
The marriage of Jane and Bingley is based on mutual love．Both of them possess so many common virtues．They are good-tempered and modest．They share a mutual understanding and always think best of others．However they also have weaknesses．To conceal her passions to Bingley shows that Jane lacks strength and self-confidence．Pleasant and modest as he is，Bingley can not to be a man with strong and determined disposition．His indecisive character determines that he lacks independence in his marriage．Both of them are weak in judgment and
easy to be influenced by others so they need help in some moments．It is fortunate enough that Jane and Bingley can always receive considerate and beneficial advice from Elizabeth and Darcy．
3.3 Elizabeth and Darcy
Elizabeth，the second daughter of Bennet family and the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice，is an intelligent and quick-witted young lady．She is Jane Austen?s own favor ite and she wrote her sister when it appeared：“I must confess that I think her [the heroine，Elizabeth] as delightful a creature as ever appeared in print；and how I shall be able to tolerate those who do not like her at least I do not know” (Rubinstein 345)．Austen?s dreams which could not be realized in the reality have been realized by her favorite female creature in the novel．Elizabeth is certainly a striking and satisfactory self-portrait of Austen．
Darcy is a “fine，tall person，with handsome features，．．．”(Austen 7). His proud is further emphasized with his offensive rejection of dancing with Elizabeth．However, Darcy is increasingly attracted by Elizabeth?s dark eyes，disposition and intelligence．But his haughty proposal insulted Elizabeth?s self-esteem．She feels that she is not treated equally with Darcy．She is by no means to sacrifice her self-respect to accept his offer．The temptation of money and social status can not make her disregard the inequality between men and women．Therefore she firmly turned down his offer and rebukes him rashly．Elizabeth?s refusal makes him recognize his faults of pride and social prejudice．The visit to Darcy?s home makes Elizabeth?s judgment of Darcy radically change and makes her recognize that she loves Darcy and she at last accepts a prefect-going Darcy．
The marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy is an ideal one．It is based on affection，esteem and passion．In the time when the couple lived，economic conditions and status took a significant role in marriage．They also have a great i nfluence on Elizabeth and Darcy?s marriage．When Elizabeth sees Pemberly, she feels regretful for her refusal of Darcy?s proposal．Her feeling towards Darcy changes. Through their marriage，Austen shows that the power of love can overcome social status and prejudice and further implies that such prejudices is unfeeling and unproductive．
3.4 Lydia and Wickham
Lydia, the youngest daughter of the Bennet family, is idle，foolish．She is an empty-minded and uncertain flirt，who never ceased seeking her own fun and sexual excitement，but sees no purpose to life．Like her mother, marriage is the business of her life．However, unlike her two eldest sisters，she never regards love as a serious matter, and takes it into serious consideration．She lacks any sense of virtue，propriety or good judgment．She is fascinated by the attention and attractiveness of Wickham，a young soldier. Ironically, under the gentlemanlike appearance，Wickham turns out to be a disreputable and demoralized young man.
The marriage between Lydia and Wickham is based on lust，not based on affection. Strong passion is the main reason for their marriage．To marry a man like Wickham can never bring true happiness to a woman．Shortly after their marriage，“his affection for her soon sunk into indifference；hers lasted a little longer；…”(Austen 331)．When passion fades away, they seem to feel miserable with their married life and constantly try to avoid meeting each other：Lydia enjoys regular visiting her elder sisters and Wickham constantly visits London or Bath，alone．Austen suggests，without stating，that perhaps Wickham is not the loyal husband that Lydia perceives him to be．
3.5 Charlotte and Collins
Charlotte Lucas is one of several children of a former tradesman，Sir William Lucas. She is Elizabeth?s intimate friend．Apart from Mr. Bennet，Charlotte is the person in Elizabeth?s world who is closest to her in temperament and intelligence. She has her own ideas and is fair and objective on issues．Being such a“sensible , intelligent young woman” (Austen 14)，her marriage with Collins，however，shocks people most，but proves her sense and wisdom．Mr. Collins is a stupid clergyman who will inherit estate of Longbourn upon Mr. Bennet?s death．His real intention of visiting Longbourn is to find a wife there. He is pompous and narrow-minded man possessing no conception of love. He plans to get married only because Lady Catherine de Bourgh，his patroness，strongly advices him to do so．Like Mrs. Bennet，he approaches marriage as a business．
The marriage between Collins and Charlotte is obviously just a deal in the marriage market. Charlotte clearly knows that “Mr. Collins to be sure was neither sensible nor agreeable；his society was irksome，and his attachment to her must be imaginary”(Austen 106)．But she still
accepts Collins as her husband．She is unwillingly gives up the hope of personal fulfillment through marriage．She wants to marry for the sake of security and status；but considering her plainness，her lack of fortune，and her age，she does not expect to have much choice in the selection of a husband. Since most marriages turn out unhappily anyway, there is not much point in being particular．
Jane Austen does not intend to blame Charlotte for her realistic and materialistic choice so that she does not make Elizabeth to “break with her friend o n account of her marriage”(Rubinstein 348-349)．But her understanding does not mean that Austen herself was willing to sacrifice real respect and affection in marriage to accept safety on such terms. In a marriage，Austen is fully aware of the importance of money and social status，and also conscious of the importance of emotional feelings．The attitude towards Charlotte?s marriage indicates that Austen prefers true love rather than material satisfaction in a marriage．
Among the five marriage patterns portrayed in the novel，Elizabeth?s marriage is obviously an ideal one．Her marriage overcomes economic and status differences which strongly attack on money-oriented marriage system．In her marriage，she gains not only financial security, but also enjoys respectable and equal relationship with her husband．Jane?s marriage is also a happy one．In addition to solid economic foundation，the couple shares many common virtues which are the sources of the happiness．Compared with above-mentioned two marriages，the remaining three are not very satisfactory．Charlotte?s marriage is totally a business deal．Except money, no human feeling is existed．Lydia?s marriage is the most unpleasant one．It lacks both money and love and it is solely based on passion．When the sexual attraction fades away, her marriage will exist in name only．Mrs. Bennet?s marriage is based on superficial attraction and wealth．There is no real happiness in her marriage．Through five marriages，Austen thoroughly expresses her views on marriage：Marriage can not only depend on property and social status，while without considering these two is not wise，either．Marriage without love is immoral；Marriage without property is unstable．Happy marriage should be based on love and solid financial foundation．Besides love，other factors also determine a happy marriage，such as mutual respect，mutual understanding，common virtues，passion，and reason．
4．Significance of Austen’s views on marriage in Pride and Prejudice
4．1 Progressiveness of Austen’s views on marriage
As a progressive female wri ter, Austen?s original views on marriage expressed in her masterpiece Pride and Prejudice obviously have progressiveness．
In Austen?s day, women had to obey men and depended on them to gain comfortable living conditions．In this sense，marriage was merely a decent way of survival for women．Women had few expectations of emotional feelings in their marriages．Austen，however, believes that marriage determined by economic and social status can not bring real happiness for women．Love should be a significant factor of a happy marriage．In Pride and Prejudice，Austen portrays Jane?s and Elizabeth?s marriage，which are based on true love．She definitely appreciated their marriages because they were a dream that she could not realize forever in her own life．
Elizabeth is a sensible，intelligent and self-respect young woman．Such a lady wins the heart of aristocrat Darcy．Through Elizabeth，Austen intends to indicate that women educated by traditional education system could not be attracted and satisfied with men．They should receive education to enhance their capacities of judgment．Their education degree determines their senses and insights．They may have prosperous future in marriage life as long as they receive equal education with men．
4．2 Limitation of Austen’s views on marriag e
The formation of Austen?s views on marriage stems from the social and historical environment in which she lived．It is unlikely for her to go beyond her social environment when she developed her own views on marriage．Although they had significant points，it also had a limitation．
As a middle class woman，Austen looked down upon two jobs for women：being a governess and a lady?s companion．She chose writing as a way of living．She once wrote Cassandra“was more interested in gaining money and independence，by my writing than fame…”(Rubinstein 353)．Nevertheless，she had no income until a few years before her death．For all her life，Austen is supported by her father and brothers．Austen believes that women are equal with men．But her perception of this equality might just in marriage．In economic field，however，she fails to offer solutions for women to be independent in
economy．Like other gentry women，she also wants to marry a rich husband to secure her future life．In Pride and Prejudic e，none of the heroines is ambitious enough to take up a job to change her life．In the male-dominated society, their ultimate goals are to be “accomplished” women and to hunt wealthy husbands．Their intelligence，sense and manner only serve as a means to increase their attractiveness and opportunities of marrying well．Once married，such qualities are neglected by their husbands．
Austen believes that economic security is the foundation of a marriage．However, she fails to be independent economically for her and her heroines in order to seek and settle perfect marriage．On the contrary, she intends to improve women?s economic condition through marriage．As a matter of fact，“Economic base determines superstructure．” If women can not get economic independence，they will become the subordination of their husbands and can not get their own human dignity．Therefore，women should have their own careers to live on themselves no matter how wealthy their husbands are．Only in this way, women can gain real respect from men and their marriages will become happier and last long．
5. Conclusion
Jane Austen was truly one of the greatest literary figures in the English language．She lived a peaceful life in villages，in which each of her novel set．Her fiction?s subject is limited，describing the ordinary daily life of country and its gentry which she was so acquainted with in a wonderful way．The plot of all her novels is simple，because she deals with one thing：courtship and marriage．She was concerned about how women without splendid property marry appropriate husbands．
Marriage was fully expressed in Pride and Prejudice．Austen puts all the five marriages depicted in the novel into the real social and economic realities．Marriage was a combination of economic and social status，not the combination of human?s true feelings．Women frequently have to sacrifice feelings for the sake of financial security．To a large extent, women married money, not their husbands．Property plays a guiding role in a marriage．Austen shows her great sympathy for the disastrous fate of women．She fiercely criticizes this money-oriented marriage system．She values true love in marriage．Marriage based on true love is viewed as a happy marriage．
In modem era, the status of women improves greatly．They have gotten economically independent position，and are entitled to the choice of their own husbands．Marriage is no longer a way for their survival．Instead，it becomes an important embodiment of self-realization．For many women，marriage continues to be a major goal in life．They have high expectations for marriage and want a strong and long-lasting relationship in marriage．Austen?s novels provide beneficial guidance for their husbands? selection．Love，intelligence，economic condition，educational background as well as family background have influence on marriage match．When making a marriage choice，one should take all these elements into consideration , while love places a decisive role．After marriage，husband and wife should establish equal and mutual respect relationship．
Although Austen?s time has gone，her views on marriage have not become obsolete and they bring inspiration to modern people．The more we change，the more we stay the same．That is a very unique characteristic for Austen and her Pride and Prejudice．
Works Cited
Austen，Jane．Pride and Prejudice．New York：Tom Doherty Associates，LLC．，1994．Bulter, Mafilyn．Jane Austen and the War of Ideas．Oxford：Oxford University Press，1975．Duckworth，Alistair．The Improvement of the Estate：A Study ofJane Austen’s Novels．Baltimore：The Johns Hopkins University Press，1971．
Huang, Min．“Character reflects one?s marriage or attitude towards love–four different marriages in Austen?s …Pride and Prejudice?”Journal of Jinggangshan Medical College July 1（2005）：150-152．
. Great Tradition in English Literature from Shakespeare to Austen. London : Monthly Review Press , 1967.
Yang，Mei，and Yu，Litao．“What Leads to a Happy Marriage-Matrimonial Value in Pride and Prejudice”Read and Write Periodical June 1（2008）：6-7．
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On Jane Austen’s Point of View of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice Acknowledgements This thesis has finally come into being to meet critical eyes through two months of hard work. From the very beginning when I chose the topic till the completion of the thesis, I have benefited from many people . First of all I would like to show my sincere gratitude to my tutor, Shen Guozheng. Without his sincere and trustworthy guidance，valuable suggestions and critical comments，it would be difficult for me to accomplish this thesis．His loyalty to teaching and punctilious work style has profoundly impressed me. Moreover, I heartily thank all the teachers who have helped me in the past four years, who have provided me with incentives and direction for my study. Thanks are also due to my classmates and friends for their constant encouragement and their ways of assistance in the course of writing. Last but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my family members, for their selfless support，thoughtfulness and encouragement．
傲慢与偏见婚姻观 main meaning: Marriage is the central topic in Austen's Pride and Prejudice and Emma: the plots of the novels and the actions of the characters revolve around marriage. For Austen's characters, marriage does not mean the act of ungoverned passion but a complex engagement between the marrying couple and society. Austen's characters are completely integrated into society and play out the stories within the social rules. Based on Socialist-feminism, this thesis examines social background in Austen's time and explores how social conditions influence females' psychological struggle and anxiety toward marriage. For Socialist-feminists, material factors shape women's marital consciousness in determinate ways. The discussions of male class and female status in the end of the eighteenth century are helpful for understanding why marriage is the central topic in Austen's novels. In a sense, marriage is regarded as a market place to exchange upward class mobility and financial support for Austen's characters. In order to achieve the goal of marriage, females are good at transforming themselves into commodities by displaying their appearances and accomplishments to appeal to male gazers. They realize that marriage can provide opportunities of class mobility and financial support; money and class are thus closely connected in their decision of marital partners. keywords: Plot overview ;.Analysis of the major character ;Themes ;Motifs ;Pride and Prejudice ;marriage The feeling of 《Pride And Prejudice》 Then man treat great event in one's life with punishing, Demonstrate different attitudes to the love question of the marriage of young girl of the family origin of middle class of villages and towns, Thus reflected authors oneself's marriage view: It is wrong to get married for the property, money and position; Get married and does not consider that above-mentioned factors are unwise too . So, she objects to getting married for money , objecting to regarding the marriage as a trifling matter . She emphasizes the importance of the ideal marriage , and regard men and women's emotion as the foundation stone which concludes the ideal marriage . The woman protagonist in the book Elizabeth comes from the little landlord's family, reaches the west to have deep love for for the rich and powerful people sons and younger brothers. Reach the disparity of ignoring family status and wealth of the west, propose to her, but is refused. Elizabeth's
湖北省高等教育自学考试英语专业毕业论文论《傲慢与偏见》留给世人的感想 准考证号：013510210640 学生姓名：李月辉 指导教师：赵红英 二○一二年九月
On the "Pride and Prejudice" for the feelings of the world Li Yuehui Tutor: Zhao Hongying September 2012
摘要 作为英国文学的经典之作，有关《傲慢与偏见》的研究几乎从未间断过。《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀脍炙人口的艺术精品,具有很高的可读性和艺术性。作者在作品的题材选择、人物塑造以及艺术表现手法三个方面都别具匠心,具有不朽的审美价值和艺术价值。同时，《傲慢与偏见》也一直是英国人心目中的经典书目，它在英国人心目中的地位仍然超过流行。我在该论文中论述的主要内容包括：对小说作者的介绍和当时18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情的介绍，仔细研究小说中爱情、金钱与婚姻之间的纠葛，挖掘作品中的内在矛盾性和各个人物特征以及他们在整部小说中所起的独特作用，以夹叙夹议、不断归纳、不断总结的方式论证文章的观点。 关键词：《傲慢与偏见》；审美；女性主义；戏剧性；反讽
ABSTRACT English literature classic, The Pride and Prejudice is almost never stopped. The Pride and Prejudice is Jane Austen thrilling fine arts, has the very high readability and artistic quality. The author in the works of subject choice and characterization and artistic methods three aspects does not provide craftsmanship, has the immortality of aesthetic value and artistic value. At the same time, The Pride and Prejudice, and has also been the British seared in the minds of bibliography, it in the mind of the British position still more than popular. The paper discusses the main content including: introduction to the novel of the end of the 18th century to 19th century early in the under conservative and occlusion state of England township life and state of the world favors the introduction carefully study the novel of love, money and marriage of disputes between mining the inherent contradictions in the works and character features and the unique role they played in the entire novel, a narrative proposal and continue to be summarized, constantly sum up the view of the demonstration article. Key words：The Pride and Prejudice; aesthetic; feminism; dramatic; irony
On the Relationship between Money and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》中金钱与婚姻的关系 On the Relationship between Money and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice I.Literature Review Pride and Prejudice is a very popular novel written by Jane Austen and it is read widely all over the world. It was written in 1813. That specific history time decided that people at that time took money much more seriously, even on their marriage. From the ancient times to the present, there are many studies about Jane Austen and her major works. In 1813, Oxford World's Classics for the first time recorded and published the work Pride and Prejudice and aroused great repercussion around the world. Then, in 1826 after the work has been widely read, Sir Walter Scott analyzed Pride and Prejudice from an overall perspective. In his article “The Journal of Sir Walter Scott”, he summarized the features of Jane Austen, he said that “Jane Austen has a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful that I ever met with.”The background of Pride and
毕业论文 毕业论文题目：On Irony in Pride and Prejudice 学生姓名： 学号： 院（系）：外国语学院英语系 专业：双学位经贸英语 班级： 指导教师姓名： 指导教师称谓：讲师 起止时间：2012年10月—2013年5月
On Irony in Pride and Prejudice A Thesis Submitted To Foreign Languages Department Of Zhongyuan University of Technology In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts By Supervisor： May, 2013 ii
SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES Zhongyuan University of Technology Declaration of Academic Integrity I promise that the thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any institutes of higher learning and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in the text of the thesis. I understand that to do so would mean that I had committed plagiarism, and that it is my responsibility to be aware of the University’s regulations on plagiarism and their importance. Signed: Date: iii
"Pride and prejudice" Elizabeth characters analysis 《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白人物性格分析Keywords: Social environment Marriage is love The:"Pride and prejudice" is Jane Austen's early, but also she has made the masterpiece of writing characteristics. She is in daily life, with the female's discriminating and exquisite, humorous and witty style represents a series of vivid female images, especially for novel heroine Elizabeth successfully molded reflects the Austin in matters of marriage values. "Pride and prejudice" durable minerals-each root cause is perhaps the most interested in "best skills and create a" : people. One, Elizabeth successfully molded image 1, the heroine Elizabeth life and social environment "Pride and prejudice" described the 18th century at the beginning of the 19th century British women, regardless of in the economic and social or family status, social rank in male attachment, marriage system of equal pay. Like Elizabeth such a middle-class origins and property of low intellectual women, want to get a decent life and status, the only way is to marry a good man. Anyhow, the marriage is seeking economic security and social status. 2, Elizabeth's marriage The center is a smart Elizabeth, frank, the thought is agile, humorous and educated young lady.
傲慢与偏见开题报告范文 篇一：论文开题报告范文 毕业设计(论文)开题报告 题目：简·奥斯汀与弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙的女性主义思想的比较分析 学院：外国语学院专业：英语学生姓名：学号： XX04010320 指导教师： XX年 3 月 12 日 开题报告填写要求 1．开题报告（含“文献综述”）作为毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指 导教师指导下，由学生在毕业论文工作前期内完成，经指 导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效。 2．开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按此电子文档标准格式（可从外语系网页上下载）打印，禁止打印
在其它纸上后剪贴，完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见。 3．“文献综述”应按论文的格式成文，并直接书写（或打印）在本开题报告第一栏目内，学生写文献综述的参考 文献应不少于15篇（不包括辞典、手册），其中至少应包 括5-8篇外文资料。对于重要得参考文献应附原件复印件， 作为附件装订在开题报告的最后。 4．统一用A4纸，并装订单独成册，随《毕业设计论 文》等资料装入文件袋中。 篇二：论文开题报告范文 毕业设计(论文)开题报告 题目：简·奥斯汀与弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙的女性主义思想的比较分析 学院：外国语学院专业：英语学生姓名：学号： XX04010320 指导教师：
XX年 3 月 12 日 开题报告填写要求 1．开题报告（含“文献综述”）作为毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在(转自：https://www.doczj.com/doc/899280625.html, 小草范文网:傲慢与偏见开题报告范文)指 导教师指导下，由学生在毕业论文工作前期内完成，经指 导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效。 2．开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按此电子文档标准格式（可从外语系网页上下载）打印，禁止打印 在其它纸上后剪贴，完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见。 3．“文献综述”应按论文的格式成文，并直接书写（或打印）在本开题报告第一栏目内，学生写文献综述的参考 文献应不少于15篇（不包括辞典、手册），其中至少应
傲慢与偏见读后感----婚姻与爱情的平衡 作者个人简介:奥斯丁(1775-1817)英国著名女性女小说家。出生于英国的小乡镇史蒂文顿。父亲是乡村牧师。她没有讲过正规学校,在家由父母指导学习,所受教育大多是阅读古典文学作品和流行小说。她终身未婚,家境小康,长期居住乡村,生活圈子较狭窄。她20岁左右开始写作,共发表6部长篇小说:《理智和情感》(1811)、《傲慢与偏见》(1813)、《曼斯非尔德花园》(1814)、《爱玛》(1815)、《诺桑学寺》(1818)和《劝导》(1818)。奥斯丁的小说以女性的细腻和敏锐描绘了她所熟悉的狭小世界;有资产阶级恬静舒适的田园生活,绅士淑女的爱情和婚姻。她的代小说中没有可怕的祸和重大的矛盾;只有日常生活中的风波和人物之间的喜剧冲突,格调轻松诙谐。她的作品主要是关注乡绅家庭女性的婚姻和生活。以女女性特有的细致入微的观察力和活泼风趣的文字真实的描述了她周围世界的小天地。她的代表作是《傲慢与偏见》和《爱玛》,其中尢以《傲慢与偏见》影响最大。这部小说表达了她的婚姻观,既反对为金钱而结婚,也反对把结婚当儿戏,小说情节曲折,富有喜剧性,语言流畅,机智幽默,深受读者喜受。 背景介绍:18世纪70年代以后,英国文学中有40年左右没有出现过第一流的小说作家和作品,社会上充斥着庸俗无聊的“感伤小说”和“哥特小说”。奥斯丁的小说破旧立新,一反常规的展现了当时尚无受到资本主义革命冲击的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活和田园风光,她的作品往往通过戏剧性的场面嘲讽人们的愚蠢,自私,势力和盲目自信等可笑的缺点。奥斯丁的小说出现在19世纪初期。一扫风行一时的假浪漫主义潮流,继承和发展了英国18世纪优秀的现实主义传统。为19世纪现实主义的高潮做了准备。虽然其作品反应的广度和深度有限。但她的作品从一个小窗口窥探到整个社会形态和人情世故。对改变当时小说创作中的庸俗风气起了很好的作用。在英国小说的发展史上有承上启下的意义。被誉为“可与莎士比亚平起平坐”的作家。 傲慢与偏见赏析
简析《傲慢与偏见》两译文中的 女性主义以及反讽艺术 班级：经贸003班姓名：罗艺姝学号：0862010627 [摘要]小于50字，写文章的主要内容 [关键词]3-5个词组 1．引言：200字研究背景 2．译文分析角度 2.1.分析译文中的女性主义 2.2.分析译文中的反讽艺术 3.结束语：总结全文 参考文献 不少于5个
本科生课程论文 学院潇湘学院专业 课程名称 学生姓名学号 开课时间至学年第学期考试成绩 教师评语： 教师签字 年月日
简析《傲慢与偏见》两译文中的 女性主义以及反讽艺术 班级：经贸003班姓名：罗艺姝学号：0862010627 摘要：通过研究《傲慢与偏见》的两个中译本, 探讨译者对书中女性主义的诠释，以及译者对书中反讽艺术的理解。 关键词:女性主义；傲慢与偏见；反讽艺术；翻译； 1.引言 16世纪的欧洲社会禁止女性写作, 翻译成为唯一的方式来言说女性意识, 从此翻译与女性就有了千丝万缕的联系。具有女性意识, 是建构女性主义翻译理论的基础, 因而女性主义译者在翻译时要尽量使女性在语言中显现, 从而让世人看见和听见女人, 从而建构女性意识并恢复女性身份。 《傲慢与偏见》之所以能超越通俗小说的范围而跻身于世界巨著之列,其主要原因之一就在于其贯穿全书的反讽基调,分析《傲慢与偏见》的反讽艺术有助于我们加深对作品的理解。笔者结合自己的理解, 从分析奥斯丁及《傲慢与偏见》入手, 分析《傲慢与偏见》中宏观和微观上的反讽艺术。 2.译文分析角度 2.1 分析译文中的女性主义 女性主义观点的兴起是为了使女性从历史隐形中走出来, 全面地展现在历史舞台上, 进而追求男女平等的社会。而且/ 当代西方妇女运动已经超越了争取男女平权的阶段, 转向强调女性的主体意识, 并用女性的主体意识重新审视整个社会文化及历史传统。 《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯丁最著名的小说之一, 是一部充满女性主义意识的作品。作品从表面看是一部婚姻大观, 实则是通过人物塑造、情节叙述深刻而全面地概述当时社会的女性意识。女主人公伊丽莎白聪慧机智, 充满活力, 敢于追求自由平等的生活, 敢于反抗传统夫权制度。 在18世纪的英国，女性被视作是头脑简单、能力低下的异类，认为即便是最好的女人在智力上也比不过最差的男人。而奥斯丁却坚信女性和男性有着同等的
Contents Abstract (1) Ⅰ.Introduction (1) Ⅱ.The analysis of Elizabeth’s character (2) Ⅲ.The analysis of five marriage patterns (2) 3.1 Mr.and Mrs.Bennet (2) 3.2 Jane and Bingley (3) 3.3 Elizabeth and Darcy (3) 3.4 Lydia and Wickham (4) 3.5Charlotte and Collins (4) Ⅳ.Austen’s views on marriage in Pride and Prejudice (4) Ⅴ.Conclusion (4) Ⅵ.Bibliography (4)
Abstract Jane Austen was one of the distinguished realistic novelists in the nineteenth century English literature.Pride and Prejudice is one of her famous representative works.At that time ,marriage was the only way for women to gain social status and recognition.The author will analyze the five marriage patterns in a critical way to explore the important role that marriage and love plays in a marriage.It analyzes that one’s character reflects one’s marriage and attitudes towards love and social morals .Austen’s view on the marriage expresses that property,social status and love are absolutely necessary elements in a marriage.She emphasize love and economic condition,but love plays a more significant role.It can let people cast pride and prejudice,and re-know and accept a person.The thesis will analyze several marriage through Elizabeth’view on marriage. Key words:love;property;view on marriage;pride and prejudice Study of Pride and prejudice (Personal information:吴黎明，class 1106,college of Foreign Studies Hubei Normal University，Huangshi,435000) 1.Introduction: Jean Austen’s novels were witty,warm,and ironic portraits of the privileged classes of eighteenth and nineteenth century England.Her representative works are Emma,Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility. The first sentence in the novel is impressive and well-known.It reads:“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune,must be in want of a wife.” The reason is very clear:that foundation of the marriage at that time is not love but possession. The main story of the novel happens between Elizabeth and Darcy.We all know that at the first ball,Darcy refused Lizzy’invitation for dancing,because he didn’t think that anyone at the village can deserve him.After this,Lizzy promised not to pay attention to him any more because of his pride.Other than this,there are other two things that make Lizzy leave a worse impression to him.One is that she thinks it was he that had separated her sister and her lover.The second is that she heard of something bad from Wickham who has antinomies with Darcy.It is these misunderstanding that make her feeling of prejudice stronger and stronger.At last,she found she had misunderstood him and made her very regret.And Darcy had although changed.He made an offer of marriage to her again and was accepted.finally,no pride and prejudice are between
本科生毕业设计（论文）封面 （ 2016 届） 论文（设计）题目 作者 学院、专业 班级 指导教师（职称） 论文字数 论文完成时间 大学教务处制
英语原创毕业论文参考选题(200个) 一、论文说明 本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务，精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作，专业本科论文3000起，具体可以联系qq 805990749。下列所写题目均可写作。部分题目已经写好原创。 二、原创论文参考题目 1、(英语毕业论文)浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲惨命运 2、(英语毕业论文)从文本类型角度看旅游宣传资料的汉英翻译（开题报告+论文） 3、(英语毕业论文)目的论指导下《页岩》英译汉中的词类转译现象（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译） 4、(英语毕业论文)English-Chinese Advertisement Translation 5、(英语毕业论文)英语中的女性歧视 6、(英语毕业论文)西方吸血鬼与中国鬼的文学形象比较（开题报告+论） 7、(英语毕业论文)英汉“悲”、“喜”情感隐喻的认知比较研究（开题报告+论文） 8、(英语毕业论文)科技英语语篇中被动语态语篇功能的分析（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译） 9、(英语毕业论文)《嘉莉妹妹》和《名利场》中的女性的性格及命运对比分析（开题报告+论文） 10、(英语毕业论文)论中西方交际方式的差异（开题报告+论文+文献综述） 11、(英语毕业论文)《女勇士》中的文化冲突与文化融合 12、(英语毕业论文)女性主义视角下《傲慢与偏见》的情态意义解读 13、(英语毕业论文)词块法在高中英语写作教学中的应用（开题报告+论文+文献综述） 14、(英语毕业论文)论《可爱的骨头》中的多重象征（开题报告+论文） 15、(英语毕业论文)《红字》中海斯特性格分析（开题报告+论文+文献综述） 16、(英语毕业论文)福克纳《我弥留之际》女主人公艾迪的形象探析 17、(英语毕业论文)从女性主义角度浅析简?爱的婚姻观（开题报告+论文） 18、(英语毕业论文)林语堂翻译思想探究——以《浮生六记》英译本为例(开题报告+论文)
A Comparative Study of the Heroines in Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre from a Perspective of Feminism ABSTRACT Both Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte are remarkable and prominent women writers in the history of English literature. Their representative works —Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre—have been enjoying great popularity ever since their publication.By analyzing the two heroines —Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Eyre from the perspective of feminism, the thesis is an attempt to find what they have in common and what revelation they have to the contemporary women . The body of the thesis consists of three chapters, besides Introduction and Conclusion. Chapter One is mainly about the lives of the two women writers, Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte. Chapter Two introduces briefly the stories in Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre. Chapter Three gives a comparative study of the two heroines in Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre based on feminism. Key Words: independence, freedom, equality, feminism
Frailties of the Human Race in Pride and Prejudice Abstract: Jane Austen was one of the distinguished realistic novelists in the nineteenth century. Pride and Prejudice is a very popular novel written by Jane Austen. Pride and prejudice are the most common emotion of human nature. When arrogant meets prejudice, something unbelievable will happen. Every single girl wants to marry a rich man. When many girls get together, the frailties of the human race come out. Many reasons result in these frailties. Key words: arrogant; prejudice; greed; marriage; property; society; Jane Austen was born in a pastor family in the eighteenth century. Her family was not rich, but she lived a very peaceful life. She never married in her life. She lived in a lonely country life. Pride and prejudice is a novel of love between Elizabeth Bennet and William Darcy. It happens around the Bennet family who has five daughters: Jane, Elizabeth, Marry, Kitty and Lydia. Mrs. Bennet is a foolish woman whose first thing in life is helping her five daughters to find wealthy husbands. One day comes a single man Bingley who has large fortune. Mrs. Bennet considers the single man as one of their daughters’ personal property. The girls dress up to attend the big party. In the party, Bingley falls in love with Jane at the first sight. His friend Darcy is more handsome and rich than Bingley so that many girls look at him with great admiration. But they find Darcy is very arrogant and very hard to get with. People turn admiration to dislike. Elizabeth hears that Darcy tells his friend that she is tolerable but not better enough to attract him. Elizabeth has a high self-dignity and she decides to hate Darcy. They two have a bad impression with each other when they meet in the first time. However, Darcy loves Elizabeth later. Elizabeth devoted to the love between her sister Jane and Bingley and she never thinks that Darcy begin to love her. Kolings proposes to Elizabeth and receives a refusal. At last, he marries Charlotte, a friend of Elizabeth. Wickham tells Elizabeth his money is grabbed by Darcy. Elizabeth hates Darcy more than before and the separation for Jane and Bingley comes from him. Darcy decides to say love to Elizabeth, but Elizabeth refuses him. The next day, Darcy writes a letter to Elizabeth to explain her prejudice. Elizabeth changes his view on Darcy gradually. Darcy helps her to find Lydia and make Lydia marry Wickham. At last, Jane marries Bingley. Darcy gets married with Elizabeth. They have a happy ending. Pride and prejudice are the biggest frailties of the human race in this novel.