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Views on Marriage of Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice
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Views on Marriage of Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice 论《傲慢与偏见》中简奥斯丁的婚姻观
Abstract:Jane Austen was one of the distinguished realistic novelists in the nineteenth- century in English literature．Pride and Prejudice is a world- wide popular novel published in 1813．Austen set the story in the first decade of the nineteenth century．At that time，marriage was the only way for women to gain social status and recognition. From the description of four different marriages, the novel explore the important role that money and love plays in marriage. Austen fully expresses her original views on marriage：property, social status and love are three indispensable elements in a marriage．It is wrong to marry for money，but it is unwise to marry without money. Austen’s views on marriage emphasi ze love and economic condition, and a happy marriage should be based on mutual love ,mutual understanding .The thesis tries to draw some inspiration from Austen and provide some hints for modern women in their view of marriage。
Key words: Love;Marriage; Money; social status
摘要：简·奥斯汀是十九世纪英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义小说家之一。她的《傲慢与偏见》于1813年问世，是一部享誉世界的著名小说。小说将故事情节置于十九世纪初，十九世纪的英国，婚姻是女性获得社会地位和社会认知的唯一途径。小说通过对四种不同婚姻的描写，探讨金钱与爱情在婚姻中的重要作用，从而得出作者简·奥斯汀的婚姻观：财产、社会地位和爱情是婚姻中必不可少的三个因素，为了金钱而结婚是错误的，然而缺少金钱的婚姻也是不明智的。奥斯汀的婚姻观强调爱情和经济条件，认为幸福的婚姻应该建立在相互爱慕和相互理解上。本文作者意在借用奥斯汀的一些进步观点为现代女性在婚姻观方面提供一些借鉴
关键词：爱情；婚姻；金钱；社会地位
Contents Abstract (2)
Ke ywords (2)
Chapter1 Introduction (4)
1.1Jane Austen (4)
1.2 Background of Pride and Prejudice (4)
Chapter2Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice (6)
2.1 Collins and Char lotte’s marriage (6)
2.2. Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage (7)
2.3. Jane and M r. Bingley’s Marriage (7)
2.4. Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage (8)
Chapter3 Views on four Marriages of Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice (11)
3.1. Marriage based on true love and mutual understanding (11)
3.1.1. Jane and Mr. Bingley’s marriage (11)
3.1.2. Darcy and Elizabeth’s marriage (11)
3.2. Marriage based on money and social status (12)
3.2.1. Collins and Charlotte’s marriage (12)
3.2.2. L ydia and Wickham’s Marriage (13)
Chapter4 The practical importance of Jane Austen's views (15)
4.1.At Jane Austen time (15)
4.2 .In modern society (16)
Chapter5 Conclusion (18)
Chapter1 Introduction
1.1 Jane Austin
“Jane Austen (1775-1817) was born in Hampshire, a country priest family located in Hants, the village of Kingston, Sidemen in north England. She was a beautiful, talented middle class woman with extraordinary temperament and good cultivation.”Her six novels－Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield, Emma, Persuasion“all describe more than marriage” (Wang, 2005: 64). However, her marriage is in blank within her 42 years lifetime. Going through the best time of the life, she ulti mately doesn’t meet the right person in her life and finally gives up her love. With these sweet and bitter experiences she writes the great work Pride and Prejudice.
Jane Austen was mostly tutored at home, and irregularly at school, but she received a broader education than many women of her time. She started to write for family amusement as a child. Her parents were avid readers; Austen's own favorite poet was Cowper. Her earliest-known writings date from about 1787. Very shy about her writing, she wrote on small pieces of paper that she slipped under the desk plotter if anyone came into the room. In her letters she observed the daily life of her family and friends in an intimate and gossipy manner: “James danced with Alethea, and cut up the turkey last night with great perseverance. You say nothing of the silk stockings; I flatter myself, therefore, that Charles has not purchased any, as I cannot very well afford to pay for them; all my money is spent in buying white gloves and pink pe rsian.” (Austen in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1796)
1.2 Background of Pride and Prejudice
Pride and Prejudice, the book about commonplace things and ordinary people, is one of Jane Austen’s famous books, being the representative of realistic lite rature. In portrays, with special sensitive characteristic of female writers, the life and ideas of middle class who live in countryside. This novel makes an analysis of human nature and then stick up readers to think over social relations.
“At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical. This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. The central life of women was forced to be staying at home; their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.” (Zhu Hong 1995:34).
People at that time thought that women should be submissive to their husbands. The virtues of women were patience and deference. They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without question. Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny. At that time, many middle-class young women had three ways out: getting married, staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers. The income of a family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well. It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, for young women, especially those who did not have enough properties, getting married was the only good way for them to gain respect, stability and social status.
Austen fully criticized some bad phenomena at that time in her work Pride and Prejudice and t ook some perfect points about marriage to demonstrate her own view on marriage.
Chaper2 Four marriages in Pride and Prejudice
2.1Mr. Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage
In Pride and Prejudice, the first part is the marriage of Charlotte and Collins. Charlotte is William Lucas’s daughter, who is the neighbor of Lizzy Bennett. She is born in a poor family and very mediocre in every aspect. So she has not got married even until she is 26 y ears old. She may be a typical questionable girl. “However, there are 5 daughters in the Bennett’s, the five daughters are gradually growing up to the age for marriage. So both of the two families rival mutually, especially in the eyes of the ordinary wome n, such rivalry was particularly tedious.”(Huang, 2007: 126)Bennett’s wife is especially typical; she does not give birth to a boy but five girls. The family’s property couldn’t be given to a daughter according to the custom at that time, and the family without a son can grant the wealth to the nephew. So one of Bennett nephews—Collins can inherit the family wealth. Therefore, Mrs. Bennett has great expectations on her nephew. Though the family is not so rich, Collins is the only one who can inherit the whole property. For this reason, Mrs. Bennett feels at ease, and then she has great hope on Collins and likes him. With the help of one of his relatives, Collins becomes a priest. And then he goes to his uncle’s home, wanting to be one son-in-law of Bennett. Because he has heard a lot about the situation of the five daughters of his uncle’s family; he is coming to try his luck here. In his mind, if he could be one son-in-law of his uncle’s, then he could get the property of the family. At first, he suggests Mrs. Bennett that the 26-year old Jane has captured his attention. After informed that the eldest daughter Jane has a boyfriend, he thinks that the second daughter Elizabeth would be an agreeable alternative. Eventually, Elizabeth refuses him with sharp tongue. But Collins quickly finds comfort from Charlotte who desires to get married and believes that the marriage is the only way for her to gain respect and also is the only ending of a woman. And then they get married as quickly as the lightning.
2.2 Lydi a and Wickham’s Marriage
The second marriage is between Bennett’s third daughter Lydia and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper of Mr. Darcy. At first, he is well-treated by the family and the friends. However, he comes down in the world because of his misbehavior. He
gets into debt. He is a man without any responsibility. He wants to get married in order to become rich so he can change his social status. In his opinion, love is only recreation. For his purpose, he entices Lydia who is young, innocent and vainglorious. “Lydia, with perfect indifference, continued to express her admiration of Caption Carter, and her hope of seeing him in the course of the day, as he was going the next morning to London.” (Austen 1813: 58) Lydia hates to work hard, and is spoilt by her mother, and getting love and praise of a boy is her dream. So Wickham gets her love easily. “When Wickham wants to reach his aim—getting wealth by love and exalts her beauty hypocritically, she forgets who she is and feels she is the most beautifu l and happiest girl in the world.”(Fu, 2002: 43) Their love does not get the permission from the parents, and then they elope. As Lydia is young and empty-minded, she never gives love a serious and proper consideration, so when Elizabeth hears the news, she believes that their love is false, Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is not charming and has nothing to attract him, and he is only fond of the wealth of her family. Finally, with the help of Darcy, the scandal was covered and Wickham agreed to marry with Lydia .
2.3 Jane and Mr. Bingley’s Marriage
The third marriage is of the eldest daughter Jane and Mr. Bingley. Bingley is a friend of Darcy. In the assembly, Jane and Bingley fall in love with each other at first sight．Mr. Bingley believed that “She is the most beautiful creature I ever beheld!”(Austen,2001:12) After the meeting, Jane expressed to Elizabeth how much she admired him “He is just what a young man ought to be, sensible, good-humored, lively; and I never saw such happy manners! —so much ease, with such perfect good breeding!”(Austen,2001:15)
In the following days, their favorable emotions deepened with acquaintances. They agreed in tastes and temperament. Mr. Bingley almost intended to propose to Jane. But a disjunctive change happened. His best friend—Mr. Darcy thought that this is the scheme of the Bennet family, and he did not agree Jane had special sensibilities to Mr. Bingley. Mr. Darcy indicated his viewpoint to his friend. His poor friend believed that, and then he left Netherfield, departed from Jane without saying good-bye.
Their separation made Jane sink into suffering. The root of the separation is Mr.
Bingley’s lack of definite view, his irresolute and hesitant personality. He did not have enough confidence in himself, he was not sure about whether Jane loved him or not. And Jane was very reserved, although she loved Bingley very much but never expressed her felling to him, even strived for it actively. This behavior let Darcy misunderstood that she had never like his friend Bingley, and Bingley also doubted Jane’s affection to him. So the misunderstanding appeared. But fortunately, finally the misunderstanding was cleared up. Mr. Bingley came back for Jane with Darcy’s help, and proposed to her.
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2. 4 Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage
The fourth marriage is the main theme of the work. That is Darcy and Elizabeth’s marriage.“Elizabeth is the ideal image for women. She is Bonnet’s second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl. She has a middle-class family background and has not been affected by the traditional concept that most girls have. She isn’t good at music and painting, but she has read many books which make her knowledgeable and perceptive.”(Fu, 2002: 64) The most important aspect is that she is a lady with dignity and upbringing. Darcy is a man with high status and good manner. He is handsome, rich and powerful. So he is the ideal husband of most girls. But he has grown up in the surroundings with a strong sense of power, so he is always selfish and arrogant, and he has a critical look at each individual, except the family members; he is not concerned about anyone else, and looks down upon anyone else. Therefore, when he first arrives in the village, he finds all the persons are far away from those imagined. Although every girl there is young and lovely, he has no interest in anyone except Elizabeth. At first he doesn’t put an eye on Elizabeth. Gradually, he has to admit that Elizabeth is beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insi sts that Elizabeth hasn’t the same social status as he does. Darcy is rational because he has a strong sense of power, which agrees on the reality at that time. Although he expresses his love to Elizabeth, he couldn’t help showing his arrogance, which makes Elizabeth have misconception and prejudice on Darcy. Darcy loves Elizabeth, but looks down upon her social status. He considers that he has been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and even moral standard. He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth is waiting for him to propose marriage.
Therefore, even he is irresistible to the flooding feelings, and condescends to Elizabeth , he still remembers the gap between them. Clearly, the rational aspect of Da rcy’s personality performs on the realities of society. When he talks about his feelings of love, he also expresses the arrogance of these feelings in details, which results in the arousing resentment of Elizabeth; she rejects his marriage proposal, and angrily accuses his insolence. The rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth shows her clear, calm and actually stressful personality. “Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth is one with ideal mind. She is elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually superior unlike her sister being easy to be favorable.”（London, 2007: 23）She also advises her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons.
Elizabeth is unique, because she has a deep understanding of all the things around her. In fact both she and Darcy are extremely sensitive to the social status. Different from Darcy, Elizabeth doesn’t have superiority about her family background and status. Instead, she feels deeply ashamed for her sister’s being lack of fairly education and her mother’s rudeness and stupidity. Compare d with her moderate and generous sister Jane, she is smarter and even more profound. She has a clean understanding about her own social status. Because of this, she resists the arrogance of Darcy, and she tries her best to protect herself from being hurt by Darcy’s commanding attitude. “She believes that she must make him understand that she is not woozy, which reflects her belief to deal with the emotional entanglements with Darcy, as well as her constant patter with Darcy and the prejudice on Darcy.”（Penn 2007: 15) It seems to be shared by the traditional psychological requirement that everyone needs to be respected mutually. Mutually speaking, this is another form of expression about the awareness of status. Perhaps, to some extent, Darcy has more romantic temperament than Elizabeth; it is because he is better positioned than her. Elizabeth refuses the stupid priest Collins and challenges wealthy Darcy , all of this is actually the resistance of the prevailing marriage at that time. The ultimate failure makes Darcy wake up. He is aware of his own short-comings. He accepts Elizabeth’s criticism, and faithfully corrects the shortcomings and mistakes. He is no longer arrogant and has a real love with Elizabeth.
When I see the blame from heart, I find her shortcomings and courage. It is her
bringing that plays a role; she starts to give up the bias caused by self-esteem, and truly and seriously understand Darcy. Elizabeth wouldn’t believe the shamel ess lies about Darcy said by Wickham and eliminate the misunderstanding and prejudice. She finally falls in love with Darcy. when Darcy proposed to her again ,she accepted it
Chapter3.Views on four Marriages of Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice
3.1The marriage based on true love and mutual understanding
3.1.1. Jane and Mr. Bingley’s marriage
Bingley and Jane’s marriage is based on love and rational respect.Their marriage tells readers that love can overtop everything. Although they had misunderstood each other, Mr. Bingley had hesitated to be relative of the Bennet family ,but these problems became nothing when they knew love was between them. So they got married. Especially, Bingley and Jane had many similarities in their characters, which was the main reason to the success of their marriage. They possessed personal attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense. With these similarities in character, people can understand each other easily. Most important of all, the couple with common interest can live together in a happy life. Because they understand, help and support between them. They didn’t care the defects of their partners and even they didn’t see any faults in each other. Just as the old saying goes, “Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fall into the same group.” Because of their excellent understanding and the general similarity of feeling and taste, they lived a happy life. So I can say love and understanding is the foundation of their marriage .At the same time, Mr. Bingley’s property made the effect of adding flowers to the brocade. This is the happy marriage that worth blessing, Austen would agree.
3.1.2. Darcy and Elizabeth’s marriage
The marriage of Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy is the major one Austen described, also it is A usten’s ideal．Their marriage set another example for perfect marriage.
Their marriage was based on Darcy's property and their love. The composition of property and the love marriage was the two indispensable important factors. At that time when the couple lived，economic conditions and status took a significant role in marriage．They also have a great influence on Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage．
When her sister Jane asked Elizabeth how long she had fallen in love with Darcy, she replied: "It has been coming on so gradually that I hardly know when it began, but I believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberly . "(Austen, 2004:275) On the one hand, it revealed Elizabeth’s mockery. On the other hand, it also reflected her inner thoughts. It was this statement which reflected her attitude for money, marriage and life: The marriage based on no money was undesirable. So she visited Darcy’s luxurious Pember Lee Garden. After visiting the Manor, she felt that to be the Pember Lee Gardens hostess was quite good. Elizabeth and Darcy, who married for true love with a consideration of the partner’s personal merit as well as his economical and social status,had experienced from nothing to everything and finally got to the most blessed and happiest one.
Through their marriage，Jane Austen stressed the importance of the ideal of marriage, and to the feelings of both men and women as the cornerstone of the conclusion of an ideal marriage. Marriage is closely associated with property and society, however, marriage can not only be decided by the property and social status. An ideal marriage should be based on mutual affection and respect. She rejects the marriage based on wealth and stresses the element of emotion in a marriage.
3.2. The marriage based on money and social status
3.2.1. Collins and Charlotte’s marriage
It is a universally acknowledged truth—all the wealthy bachelors want to marry a lady—has been proved to be truth which proves another fact that it’s the wealth and the number of the wealth that decide the fate of life and marriage. (Xin, 2009: 17)
The marriage of William Collins and Charlotte Lucas was just protection of latter part of Charlotte’s life. “Charlotte is like a hunter catching a fairly plump fish—Collins.” (He, 2001: 45). She accepted him “solely from the pure and disinterested and of an establishment”(Austen,2001:140) All she wants was a comfortable home.After their marriage, Charlotte always felt that "If forget Mr. Collins, the inside and outside of the house is indeed a very comfortable place "
“Such humorous and piercing description tell readers that in Austen’s time, many Lucas-like women had no other way to improve their social position except to marry a husband with a good fortune.”(Huan,2002:30)
As for William Collins, the reasons for marrying are: first, “a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”(Austen,2001:3) This is the truth universally acknowledged. He deservedly should comply with it. Second, he thought it is a right thing to set the example for matrimony in his parish. Third, Lady Catherine would think that he should find a woman who can manage home very well by a small income.
From all the reasons above, I can realize that love never exists between this couple . This was their marriage, which was held together through a pure relation of money and wealth. To some extend, this kind of marriages is actually a social tragedy that is concealed under the gorgeous cover.
Through describing such a marriage, Jane? Austen wanted to tell the readers a common point in British society at that time that the most critical factor in marriage is not love, but money. And her opinion about it was: In the male-dominated society, unmarried women had no future. So Jane Austen does not intend to blame Charlotte for her realistic and materialistic choice so that she does not make Elizabeth to “break with her friend on account of her marriage”(Rubinstein 348-349).But her understanding does not mean that Austen herself was willing to sacrifice real respect
and affection in marriage to accept safety on such terms. In a marriage，Austen is fully aware of the importance of money and social status，and also conscious of the importance of emotional feelings. The attitude towards Charlotte’s marriage indicates that Austen prefers true love rather than material satisfaction in a marriage
3.2.2. Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage
The marriage of George Wickham and Lydia Bennet could be taken as another example to illustrate that a marriage lack of love would not be a happy one.
The marriage between Lydia and Wickham is called a scandal rather than a farce. Their marriage is led by a storm in a runaway. In the matter of elopement, the most stupid girl in the five sisters Mary published a comment on it, it is very ironic. “It's an unfortu nate thing for Lydia, but we can also draw useful lessons form it: woman lose chastity is inevitable — short pleasure, long lament — beauty can not keep easily, the reputation is not permanent preservation — for those who prevent frivolous heterosexual, woman should treat them more serious. " Non-virgins is a irreversible behavior to unmarried woman, but Austin can still make sufficient remedy shots intervention that let Darcy to helped them, so that maintain a decent marriage of Bennett. But in fact , their marriage was a bargain for Wickham, an impulse for Lydia. In Austen’s opinion, marriage was also a breach of duty for their family. Because of her impulse and giddy attitude, Lydia had to taste her own bitter consequence. After their marriage, because of extravagant behavior,their life went into a difficult position. And Wickham’s affection for Lydia soon sunk into indifference. “his affection for her soon sunk into indifference；hers lasted a little longer；…”(Austen 331)．And Austen suggests，without stating，the marriage establish in the flesh is immoral and can not be happy.
From all the descriptions above, I can realize that their marriage was one without love., and it was based on lust，not based on affection. Strong passion is the main reason for their marriage．They didn’t have the real meaning of marriage. They only wanted to satisfy their aspiration. Austin say “this is a kind of impromptu marriage without true love and respon sibility.”Such couples only seek the experience of marriage but not everlasting and unchanging one. Of course, such kind of marriage is doomed to be a tragedy.
Chapter4The practical importance of Jane Austen's views
4.1. At Jane Austen time
As a progressive female writer, Jane Austen’s view of marriage: “it’s a mistake that in order to obtain property, money and status to get marriage, but marriage does not take into account the factors mentioned above is also a mistake” (Allen. Walter, 1958:22)”in her masterpiece Pride and Prejudice obviously have progressiveness．
In Austen’s day, women had to obey men and depended on them to gain comfortable living conditions．In this sense，marriage was merely a decent way of survival for women．Women had few expectations of emotional feelings in their marriages．Austen，however, believes that marriage determined by economic and social status can not bring real happiness for women．Love should be a significant factor of a happy marriage．In Pride and Prejudice，Austen portray s Jane’s and Elizabeth’s marriage，which are based on true love．She definitely appreciated their marriages because they were a dream that she could not realize forever in her own life．
Elizabeth is a sensible，intelligent and self-respect young woman．Such a lady wins the heart of aristocrat Darcy．Through Elizabeth，Austen intends to indicate that women educated by traditional education system could not be attracted and satisfied with men．They should receive education to enhance their capacities of judgment．Their education degree determines their senses and insights．They may have prosperous future in marriage life as long as they receive equal education with men．
傲慢与偏见人物特点 1.伊丽莎白·班内特（Elizabeth Bennet）：班内特家二小姐，二十岁，故事的主角。活泼，聪明，机智，经常由第一印象来判断别人。她对于婚姻有着和当时社会不一样的看法，认为只有爱情才能带来幸福，不肯为钱随便找个有钱人结婚。她也看不起上流社会的虚伪和做作。因为达西先生的高傲脾气，加上韦汉先生散播的谣言，对达西先生产生种种误会，对他的人格打了极低的分数。但随着时间的过去、事件的发生，伊莉莎白对达西先生的看法开始有了改变。从原来的鄙视转为满心的钦佩和感激。 2.达西先生（Mr. Darcy），全名费兹威廉·达西（Fitzwilliam Darcy）：一位富有的年轻人，故事主角。他是宾利先生的好友，外表英俊且风度翩翩的绅士，个性内敛和高傲，对宾利先生打算跟不适合的女子结婚一事十分不满，同时也看不起其他人的趋炎附势。因不习惯和人打交道，所以经常表现出高高在上的姿态，引来不少的毁谤声。但被伊莉莎白拒绝求婚后，也开始反省自己的行为，改掉了高傲的脾气。在莉蒂亚一事上，给予不少的帮助，使莉蒂亚的名声没有败坏。 3.班内特先生(Mr. Bennet)：一个住在英国德福郡的绅士.他已婚并育有五名女儿。但他的财产需要由男性继承，所以在他死后，他的遗产将会由和他有着差劲关系的柯林斯先生（Mr Collins）继承。班内特先生是一个温柔而体贴的人，对他的两位大女儿，珍和伊丽莎白宠爱有加。不过，他不喜欢他的妻子和三位小女儿的愚昧和不理性，经常说她们愚蠢以及嘲笑她们。对自己失败的婚姻已绝望，是个沉默而善变、幽默却善讽的人。对于妻子的愚昧，保持着冷眼旁观的态度。 4.班内特太太(Mrs. Bennet)：班内特先生的太太。她人生中最关注的事，是她将来的财产和屋子将会由柯林斯先生继承。因为这件事，她非常渴望她的五个女儿能嫁得好，并尽力撮合新邻居宾利先生和其中一个女儿。她亦希望能够令其中一个女儿和柯林斯先生结婚。是个非常平庸、见识浅薄而又长舌的女人。她的生活重心在于女儿的终生大事，想利用女儿钓金龟婿。 5.珍·班内特(Jane Bennet)：伊莉莎白的姊姊，班内特五姐妹中最年长的，也是公认最美丽的一个。她温柔、善解人意，但性格矜持，经常收藏自己的情感。她相信人性本善，凡事都往好处想，认为世界上没有坏人。和宾利先生一见钟情，最后排除万难结为夫妻。 6.玛莉·班内特(Mary Bennet)：排行第三，性格并不讨好,是一名书呆子。她鄙视其他姊妹的兴趣，并经常希望能展视自己的音乐才华，及以警世格言来警告身边的人。 7.凯瑟林（凯蒂）·班内特(Catherine "Kitty" Bennet)：排行第四，十七岁，经常跟随妹妹丽迪亚。 8.丽迪亚·班内特(Lydia Bennet)：排行最小，十五岁。她非常喜欢调情，个性天真而鲁葬。最终和韦克翰私奔，在达西的大力帮助下两人才能结婚。 9.查尔斯·宾利（Charles Bingley）：一个单身的有钱人，在班内特的住宅附近租了房子。达西先生的朋友。性格温和，活泼，但易受人影响，所以常被朋友牵着鼻子走。一直爱慕珍·班
傲慢与偏见鉴赏论文 摘要：《傲慢与偏见是》是简.奥斯汀的代表作，也是奥斯汀作品中最受欢迎的一部长篇小说。这不小说中有许多亮点：其一，里面有四段婚姻，这四段婚姻基本概括了当时社会中爱情和婚姻的状况，通过对四种不同婚姻和爱情的描写，解析和探讨，充分体现了作者的爱情和婚姻观。其二：采取了讽刺的手法描写了里面的人物，贯穿于整个故事的结构之中。 关键词：不动声色的讽刺，傲慢，偏见，个性，结构，英国乡镇生活。 这部小说以日常生活为素材，一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法，生动地反映了保守和闭塞事情的英国乡镇生活。 小说发生在英国乡村，贝纳特家的五个女儿待嫁闺中，两位贵族先生的出现，民兵团的到来，给他们原本平静的田园生活带来了一些不平凡的意义。 小说开头那句“每一个有钱的单身汉，都得娶一位太太，这就像一条举世公认的真理。”已经是脍炙人口的名句了。小说中“母亲”形象的班纳特太太给人留下了深刻的印象。作者将她描述为：“一个智力贫乏，孤陋寡闻，喜怒无常的女人。她生平最大的事就是把女儿们嫁出去。” 的确，在一个男尊女卑的现象十分严重的社会中，班纳特家中只有女儿，没有男嗣，因而，班纳特家的财产不得不由班纳特先生的侄子继承。这样致使班家小姐的嫁妆只有从其母亲当年的嫁妆中分得，嫁妆的卑微常常使的年轻的小姐们不得不选择通过婚姻来为自己将来的温饱作打算，自然会将婚姻视为金钱至上的买卖。难怪郡里一旦来了一位有钱的绅士，班纳特太太便认定他为自己的准女婿。 贯穿整部小说的几个婚姻故事，既有关于伊丽莎白好友夏洛特的，又有关于她自己姐妹的婚姻，但仔细思考看来，这几个婚姻故事其实是为了衬托出伊丽莎白的爱情。 如夏洛特和柯林斯尽管婚后过着舒适的物质生活，但他们之间没有爱情。柯林斯不仅为人做作、举止粗俗，唯一可取的便是溜须拍马之功。但他可以继承班纳特家的财产，且自己有一份田地和一份牧师的俸禄。在文中柯林斯曾很明确地说过自己结婚的三个理由。“我结婚有这样几个理由：第一，我觉得只要是像我这样生活宽裕的牧师都应当为牧区居民在婚姻方面带头起一个模范作用；第二，我坚信婚姻会大大地促进我的幸福；第三，可能这一点我应当早一点提出来，这也恰恰是我有幸称为恩主的那位贵夫人曾再三建议和嘱咐我要办的事。”结婚对于柯林斯来说仿佛更多的是为了别人而结，自己却从中鲜有收获，这是一种无爱的婚姻。而对于受过教育可是没有多少财产的夏洛特来讲，结婚是唯一的一条体面的出路，虽然可能不见得能使人得到幸福，但毕竟是避免贫穷的最可靠的保险箱。仅仅为了这些，当柯林斯向伊丽莎白求婚失败后的三天中，夏绿蒂一直借看望好友伊丽莎白为由，与柯林斯朝夕相对，终于在第三天使柯林斯向她求婚。她成了柯太太，却不惜失掉伊丽莎白多年的友情……婚后，她不断忍受着丈夫令人生厌的怪异行为，她唯一的安慰是使她的新家有条不紊，并在世人面前构建一个美满的家庭。 而莉迪亚和威克汉姆的婚姻无疑就是《傲慢与偏见》中最荒诞且最不被看好的婚姻了。作者甚至没有正面交代二人是如何走到一起，继而出走的。只是简单的通过简和加丁纳舅妈写给伊丽莎白的信，让读者了解情况的大概。这桩完全由肉欲和金钱操控的婚姻注定是失败的。作者在最后一章含蓄得指出：“威克姆不久便清淡爱情，莉迪亚对他稍许持久一些。”但是这么荒唐的婚姻却使班纳特太太高兴无比，足以可见她有多么期待嫁出女儿。 书中较为美满的便是伊丽莎白的姐姐简和宾利的爱情故事了。当时的婚姻缔结的充要条件是男方有可观的家产，女方有丰厚的嫁妆。于是他们的结合便是幸福，便会为世人所承认接收。但是由于简的家庭条件使得宾利家人对她很不看好，也从中作出了多方阻挠，加上宾利在爱情上有些时候表现得过于懦弱和不自信，这当然在一定程度上和他谦逊随和的性格有所关系。但他总是过多地听信朋友和亲戚的劝告，而对于和简的爱情没有一个很好的把握，致使他们之间有过一些的波折，不过最后他们的结局仍是美好的，因为他们是出于对对方的爱情，而非金钱。 本书的女主人公伊丽莎白与达西的爱情可谓是最有看头的了。达西这个人物是被许多人所喜爱的，达西曾说过“我真的不如有些人那么有本事，和素不相识的人也能大谈特谈。也不能对别人说的话随声附和，假装关心。”这也就容易让人误解为达西的傲慢与冷漠。性格相对内向的达西总喜欢安静地坐在伊丽莎
本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告 学生姓名学号 所在院系专业 指导教师姓名指导教师职称指导教师单位毕业论文题目浅析《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观 开题报告内容 选题背景及选题意义（国内外研究现状、初步设想及拟解决的问题）一、选题意义 《傲慢与偏见》是一部世界性的经典名著，作者是英国作家简?奥斯汀。众所周知，简?奥斯汀是被誉为 “可与莎士比亚平起平坐”的作家。《傲慢与偏见》被翻译成多种文字在多个国家发行，作者在小说中将十八世纪末到十九世纪初英国乡镇的社会生活以及人情世故展现在读者面前。长久以来，众多评论家们在持续探究《傲慢与偏见》中作者本人的生活对婚姻的看法，对小说中的婚姻观也进行了细致的分析。《傲慢与偏见》以其独特的魅力以及生动的语言展现了不同态度的婚姻观，无论时代如何发展，婚姻观一直都是社会上广泛讨论的问题，随着时代的发展，逐渐进入了信息大爆炸的社会，人们的思想观念也在潜移默化中受到了很大影响。而今，80后以及90后作 为社会的主体，他们的婚姻观更是引起社会的广泛关注。《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观会给予当代的80后及90后很多启示。 理论意义：《傲慢与偏见》是简?奥斯汀于1813年创作的一本深受人们喜爱且被广泛阅读的佳作。该书被社会大众广为流传，其中一个重要原因便是小说通过质朴生动的描写，将作品中的社会生活及人情世故展现在读者面前。
在特殊的年代背景下，造就了金钱在婚姻中的地位，随之，影响了人们的婚姻观。小说中的人物都被赋予的典型性，充分体现金钱在女性选择婚姻中的重要地位，进而，作者也揭示了婚姻中单单有金钱是不够的，更需要爱情的滋润，婚姻这片土壤才能开出美丽的花。 现实意义：《傲慢与偏见》以一种爱情轻喜剧的方式向读者展示着一段段因人而异的婚姻，读起来轻松愉悦，实则包含了深刻的道理：婚姻是爱情的前提，经济能力是爱情的保障。为了财产、地位而结婚是错误的，但是不考虑财产和地位的婚姻也是愚蠢的。当今世界，文化趋于多元化，正是由于文化的多元化导致了人们价值观的多元化。随之，对婚姻的看法自然也存在着差异。时代不同，婚姻展示给我们的风貌也不同。不论世界如何变化，时代怎样变迁，婚姻与爱情一直都是人们关注和讨论的话题。关于这个话题，众说纷纭，有的认为经济上的门当户对是举足轻重的，也有人认为爱情是前提，没有爱情的婚姻是不幸的。不同的人对于婚姻观有着不同的态度。简?奥斯汀通过小说告诉人们只有爱情与经济能力共同兼顾的婚姻，才是理想的婚姻。这为当代人们选择婚姻的态度提供了参考价值以及引导作用。 二、研究现状分析 对于《傲慢与偏见》的研究现状大致可以分为以下五类：（一）对《傲慢与偏见》中的反讽艺术的研究 简·奥斯汀的小说有一个显著的特色，那便是反讽。她是在继承欧洲文学反讽的基础上创造出更为出色的反讽艺术。在她的小说中,反讽艺术的运用大胆创新，不仅仅局限于对话文字，更是穿梭于小说的人物塑造中。因此,探讨奥斯丁小说《傲慢与偏见》中的反讽艺术成了《傲慢与偏见》的热门话题
浅谈《傲慢于偏见》与《伤逝》中的女性角色 摘要：《傲慢于偏见》与《伤逝》中的男女主角从总体上来说，都是打破了当时那个时代的思想禁锢，努力地去寻求属于自己的幸福。但是细细体味两者又着很大的不同，两位女主角都反对社会世俗的观念、积极追求女性的独立，但是前者的伊丽莎白彻底、果断，而后者的子君则是妥协胜过了理性；两位男主角都有自己的思想与抱负，冲破了世俗的观念，前者在认识到自己的傲慢所带来的后果后勇于改正，而涓生却将生活的不幸归结于与子君的结合上，自私而软弱无能；前者最终幸福的相伴一生，而后者婚姻破灭、子君抑郁而死、涓生一生悔恨。本文主要通过这几个方面，来对两部作品中的女性角色进行对比与剖析。 关键词：婚姻、爱情、独立、金钱、反对、思想禁锢、经济独立 [Abstract]Generally speaking,the“Pride and Prejudice” and “Mourning” the male and the female are breaking the ideological oppressiveness of the era,and take efforts to seek their own happiness.Butsavoringthetwo very different, the former Elizabeth is thorough, decisive, while the latter suZijun is a compromise than a rational ;the two actors all have their own ideas and ambitions tobreak the secular concept, but the former to recognize theconsequencesof his own narrogance,and he has courage to determin tocorrect,but unfortunatelyJuansheng puts life’s misfortune due to combining with Zijun,and he is selfish and incompetent. The former accompany forever with eacherhappily,while the latter’s marriage end in Zijun depression and succumb,Juansheng repents at leisure.In this paper,I select this visual angle to comparison and analysis of the role of women in the two works. [Key Words]marriage love independence money oppose ideological oppressiveness economic independence 一、引言 《傲慢于偏见》主要是围绕伊丽莎白的于达西的爱情故事展开的，叙述两人最初的傲慢与偏见，最终消除彼此之间的傲慢于偏见，重新认识、互相尊重、互相倾慕，最终缔结了美满的姻缘，而故事到此也便结束了；《伤逝》中男女主人公涓生和子君是一对受到“五四”新思潮影响，要求个性解放的青年知识分子。他们相互认识后，而后相互倾慕，在时代精神的感召和鼓舞下，大胆追求自由恋爱，勇敢地反抗封建道德和世俗偏见，毅然地冲出了家庭的束缚，在众目睽睽之下同居在一起。但故事并没有随着有情人终成眷属而煞尾。随之而来的社会的现实，使得涓生于子君相行渐远，最终导致两者婚姻破灭、子君的抑郁而终。通过对这两部小说的解读，我们可以清晰地了解到简·奥斯丁笔下的伊丽莎白与鲁迅笔下的子君所存在的共同性及不同之处。 二、勇于追求独立，爱情是婚姻的基石，而非金钱 《傲慢于偏见》中伊丽莎白可以说是作者奥斯丁最为欣赏的女性角色，虽然她的相貌比不上小说中的第一美女——她的姐姐简，这从达西对宾利说“她（伊丽莎白）长的可以‘容忍’，但还没到能引起他兴趣的程度”便可看出。她的才艺与举止也比不上彬格莱小姐，但她却比小说中的任何一位女性都要睿智、风趣、有主见，其智慧和理性丝毫不逊于小说中的任何一位男性，她是她父亲最引以为傲的女儿。小说中柯林斯“理直气壮”地认为，自己向某一位班纳特小姐求婚，是对其全家的一种善意的表示，更甚至说是一种恩施；从经济的角度来讲，任何一位班纳特小姐都不会，也不可能拒绝他的求婚。所以当伊丽莎白以“要我接受，那是绝对办不到的。我感情上绝对不许可”这样一种直截了当的方式拒绝了他时，
傲慢与偏见开题报告范文 篇一：论文开题报告范文 毕业设计(论文)开题报告 题目：简·奥斯汀与弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙的女性主义思想的比较分析 学院：外国语学院专业：英语学生姓名：学号： XX04010320 指导教师： XX年 3 月 12 日 开题报告填写要求 1．开题报告（含“文献综述”）作为毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指 导教师指导下，由学生在毕业论文工作前期内完成，经指 导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效。 2．开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按此电子文档标准格式（可从外语系网页上下载）打印，禁止打印 在其它纸上后剪贴，完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见。 3．“文献综述”应按论文的格式成文，并直接书写（或打印）在本开题报告第一栏目内，学生写文献综述的参
考 文献应不少于15篇（不包括辞典、手册），其中至少应包 括5-8篇外文资料。对于重要得参考文献应附原件复印件， 作为附件装订在开题报告的最后。 4．统一用A4纸，并装订单独成册，随《毕业设计论 文》等资料装入文件袋中。 篇二：论文开题报告范文 毕业设计(论文)开题报告 题目：简·奥斯汀与弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙的女性主义思想的比较分析 学院：外国语学院专业：英语学生姓名：学号： XX04010320 指导教师： XX年 3 月 12 日 开题报告填写要求 1．开题报告（含“文献综述”）作为毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在(转自：小草范文网:傲慢与偏见开题报告范文)指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业论文工作前期内完成，经指 导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效。
湖北省高等教育自学考试英语专业毕业论文论《傲慢与偏见》留给世人的感想 准考证号：013510210640 学生姓名：李月辉 指导教师：赵红英 二○一二年九月
On the "Pride and Prejudice" for the feelings of the world Li Yuehui Tutor: Zhao Hongying September 2012
摘要 作为英国文学的经典之作，有关《傲慢与偏见》的研究几乎从未间断过。《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀脍炙人口的艺术精品,具有很高的可读性和艺术性。作者在作品的题材选择、人物塑造以及艺术表现手法三个方面都别具匠心,具有不朽的审美价值和艺术价值。同时，《傲慢与偏见》也一直是英国人心目中的经典书目，它在英国人心目中的地位仍然超过流行。我在该论文中论述的主要内容包括：对小说作者的介绍和当时18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情的介绍，仔细研究小说中爱情、金钱与婚姻之间的纠葛，挖掘作品中的内在矛盾性和各个人物特征以及他们在整部小说中所起的独特作用，以夹叙夹议、不断归纳、不断总结的方式论证文章的观点。 关键词：《傲慢与偏见》；审美；女性主义；戏剧性；反讽
ABSTRACT English literature classic, The Pride and Prejudice is almost never stopped. The Pride and Prejudice is Jane Austen thrilling fine arts, has the very high readability and artistic quality. The author in the works of subject choice and characterization and artistic methods three aspects does not provide craftsmanship, has the immortality of aesthetic value and artistic value. At the same time, The Pride and Prejudice, and has also been the British seared in the minds of bibliography, it in the mind of the British position still more than popular. The paper discusses the main content including: introduction to the novel of the end of the 18th century to 19th century early in the under conservative and occlusion state of England township life and state of the world favors the introduction carefully study the novel of love, money and marriage of disputes between mining the inherent contradictions in the works and character features and the unique role they played in the entire novel, a narrative proposal and continue to be summarized, constantly sum up the view of the demonstration article. Key words：The Pride and Prejudice; aesthetic; feminism; dramatic; irony
《傲慢与偏见》中反讽的译语赏析 一、引言 英国女作家简?奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》，是一部脍炙人口的长篇佳作。反讽在这一作品中的运用达到了戏谑、嘲弄及讽刺的效果，使作品生动幽默，富有艺术感染力。令读者百读不厌。在《傲慢与偏见》中，irony（反讽）是其艺术创作的精髓之所在。奥斯汀的幽默和讽刺不动声色，微言大义，反话正说，令人常感余痛难消。然而，反讽又是英语文学翻译中一个十分棘手的问题。因此，译者在翻译时既要具慧眼识别，又要最大限度地传译，使读者能充分欣赏到原文的反讽特色。本文拟对《傲慢与偏见》的两个译本（王科一译和孙致礼译）中对反讽的处理作一粗略比较，着重赏析两个译本在保留原小说艺术效果方面的不同处理。以便求教于译界广大专家学者。 二、反讽 反讽作为一种修辞手法，通常指故意用与原意相反的话来表达本意，以达到谐谑、嘲弄、讽刺、喜爱和亲昵的目的。英语里irony的含义远比汉语里的广泛，它不仅指作为修辞格的verbal irony（反语），也指一种文学技巧（a literary device），主要包括:verbal irony dramatic irony（戏剧性反语）和situation irony（情况反常）即literary irony（嘲弄）。此外，irony还被人们用来表示一种对世界的认识、态度和心态：对世界加以描述、分析与推断，或对世界的矛盾和对抗表现出的一种冷静的、超然物外的态度等等。Irony
作为英语辞格（verbal irony）和汉语的反语基本相同。而翻译时能否成功再现英语原作中反讽的风格，使译文达到原文戏谑、嘲弄及讽刺的效果，却并非易事。译者在翻译时既要具慧眼识别，又要最大限度地传译，使读者能充分欣赏到原文的反讽特色。 三、《傲慢与偏见》中反讽的译语对比赏析 反讽手法的巧妙运用是《傲慢与偏见》最大的艺术特色之一。反讽艺术渗透于《傲慢与偏见》整部小说中，贯穿于人物刻画、情节发展与小说结构之中。而反讽又是英语文学翻译中一个十分棘手的问题。作者或言者的真实思想往往取决于个别词语的微妙差异，说出的话语是一回事，而其所指却可能是另外一回事，在翻译中直接表达出来便会显得生硬、不宜。下面笔者就《傲慢与偏见》的两个译本（王科一译和孙致礼译）中对反讽的处理进行对比赏析。 例1：It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 王译：凡是有钱的单身汉，必定需要娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。孙译：有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。 《傲慢与偏见》中的这一开首句无疑可说是整个英语小说中最著名的开篇语句了。原文里，反讽表现得淋漓尽致，富有特效。主句使用了一个严肃的大字眼“It is a truth universally acknowledged”，仿佛在宣读一则放之四海而皆准的普遍真理和客观规律，然而从句的语调却急转直下“that a s ingle man must be in
《傲慢与偏见》赏析 《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯丁的代表作。这部作品以日常生活为素材，一反当时社会上流行的感伤小说的内容和矫揉造作的写作方法，生动地反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情。 简·奥斯汀，英国著名女性小说家，她的作品格调轻松诙谐，富有喜剧性冲突，深受读者欢迎。她的作品往往通过喜剧性的场面嘲讽人们的愚蠢、自私、势利和盲目自信等可鄙可笑的弱点。 故事围绕贝内特一家几个女儿的婚姻大事展开。 小乡绅贝内特有五个千金，贝内特太太整天操心着为女儿物色称心如意的丈夫。邻居宾利是个有钱的单身汉，在一次舞会上，他对贝内特家的大女儿简一见钟情。参加舞会的还有宾利的好友达西，他英俊富有，许多姑娘纷纷向他投去羡慕的目光；但他非常骄傲，认为她们都不配做他的舞伴，包括简的妹妹伊丽莎白。伊丽莎白自尊心很强，决定不去理睬这个傲慢的家伙。可是不久，达西对活泼可爱的她产生了好感，在另一次舞会上主动请她同舞，达西逐渐对伊丽莎白改变了看法。达西虽然欣赏伊丽莎白，但无法忍受她的母亲和妹妹们粗俗无礼的举止，担心简只是看上了宾利的财富，劝说宾利放弃简。宾利不辞而别，但简对他还是一片深情。附近小镇有个英俊潇洒的青年军官威克姆，人人都夸他，伊丽莎白也对他产生了好感。他对伊丽莎白说，他父亲是达西家的总管，达西的父亲曾在遗嘱中建议达西给他一笔财产，而这笔财产却被达西吞没了。伊丽莎白听后，对达西更加反感。
伊丽莎白遇到达西，达西无法抑制对她的爱慕之情，向她求婚，但态度还是那么傲慢，加之伊丽莎白之前便对他有严重偏见，便坚决谢绝了他的求婚。这一打击使达西第一次认识到骄傲自负带来的恶果，他痛苦地离开了，留下一封信解释了事情的来龙去脉。伊丽莎白读信后因错怪达西感到十分后悔。第二年，伊丽莎白来到达西的庄园，了解到达西在当地很受人们尊敬。伊丽莎白偶遇达西，发现他的态度大大改观，对她的舅父母彬彬有礼，渐渐地对他的偏见消除了。小妹莉迪亚随负累累赌债的威克姆私奔了，这种家丑使伊丽莎白非常难堪，以为达西会更瞧不起自己。但事实出乎她的意料，达西想办法替她解决了难题。从此，伊丽莎白往日对达西的偏见统统化为真诚之爱。宾利和简经过一番周折，言归于好，一对情人沉浸在欢乐之中。一心想让自己女儿安妮嫁给达西的伯德夫人匆匆赶来，要伊丽莎白保证不与达西结婚，伊丽莎白断然拒绝。此事传到达西耳中，他知道伊丽莎白已经改变了对自己的看法，诚恳地再次向她求婚，一对曾因傲慢和偏见而延搁婚事的有情人终成眷属。 此小说人物性格非常鲜明，女主人公伊丽莎白聪敏机智，有胆识，有远见，有很强的自尊心，并善于思考问题。就当时一个待字闺中的小姐来讲，这是难能可贵的。正是由于这种品质，才使她在爱情问题上有独立的主见，并导致她与达西组成美满的家庭。达西的性格总的说来三个层面，即外在的傲慢与内在的爱心以及知错就改。在这三方面重重交织下构成了丰满的人物形象。但他智力超人，为人直率，但是同样也有着容易草率地下结论的毛病。他的贵族出身和巨额财产又
On Jane Austen’s Point of View of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice Acknowledgements This thesis has finally come into being to meet critical eyes through two months of hard work. From the very beginning when I chose the topic till the completion of the thesis, I have benefited from many people . First of all I would like to show my sincere gratitude to my tutor, Shen Guozheng. Without his sincere and trustworthy guidance，valuable suggestions and critical comments，it would be difficult for me to accomplish this thesis．His loyalty to teaching and punctilious work style has profoundly impressed me. Moreover, I heartily thank all the teachers who have helped me in the past four years, who have provided me with incentives and direction for my study. Thanks are also due to my classmates and friends for their constant encouragement and their ways of assistance in the course of writing. Last but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my family members, for their selfless support，thoughtfulness and encouragement．
毕业论文 毕业论文题目：On Irony in Pride and Prejudice 学生姓名： 学号： 院（系）：外国语学院英语系 专业：双学位经贸英语 班级： 指导教师姓名： 指导教师称谓：讲师 起止时间：2012年10月—2013年5月
On Irony in Pride and Prejudice A Thesis Submitted To Foreign Languages Department Of Zhongyuan University of Technology In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts By Supervisor： May, 2013 ii
SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES Zhongyuan University of Technology Declaration of Academic Integrity I promise that the thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any institutes of higher learning and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in the text of the thesis. I understand that to do so would mean that I had committed plagiarism, and that it is my responsibility to be aware of the University’s regulations on plagiarism and their importance. Signed: Date: iii
《傲慢与偏见》人物关系介绍 1.伊丽莎白·班内特（Elizabeth Bennet）：班内特家二小姐，二十岁，故事的主角。活泼，聪明，机智，经常由第一印象来判断别人。她对于婚姻有着和当时社会不一样的看法，认为只有爱情才能带来幸福，不肯为钱随便找个有钱人结婚。她也看不起上流社会的虚伪和做作。因为达西先生的高傲脾气，加上韦汉先生散播的谣言，对达西先生产生种种误会，对他的人格打了极低的分数。但随着时间的过去、事件的发生，伊莉莎白对达西先生的看法开始有了改变。从原来的鄙视转为满心的钦佩和感激。 2.达西先生（Mr. Darcy），全名费兹威廉·达西（Fitzwilliam Darcy）：一位富有的年轻人，故事主角。他是宾利先生的好友，外表英俊且风度翩翩的绅士，个性内敛和高傲，对宾利先生打算跟不适合的女子结婚一事十分不满，同时也看不起其他人的趋炎附势。因不习惯和人打交道，所以经常表现出高高在上的姿态，引来不少的毁谤声。但被伊莉莎白拒绝求婚后，也开始反省自己的行为，改掉了高傲的脾气。在莉蒂亚一事上，给予不少的帮助，使莉蒂亚的名声没有败坏。 3.班内特先生(Mr. Bennet)：一个住在英国德福郡的绅士.他已婚并育有五名女儿。但他的财产需要由男性继承，所以在他死后，他的遗产将会由和他有着差劲关系的柯林斯先生（Mr Collins）继承。班内特先生是一个温柔而体贴的人，对他的两位大女儿，珍和伊丽莎白宠爱有加。不过，他不喜欢他的妻子和三位小女儿的愚昧和不理性，经常说她们愚蠢以及嘲笑她们。对自己失败的婚姻已绝望，是个沉默而善变、幽默却善讽的人。对于妻子的愚昧，保持着冷眼旁观的态度。 4. 班内特太太(Mrs. Bennet)：班内特先生的太太。她人生中最关注的事，是她将来的财产和屋子将会由柯林斯先生继承。因为这件事，她非常渴望她的五个女儿能嫁得好，并尽力撮合新邻居宾利先生和其中一个女儿。她亦希望能够令其中一个女儿和柯林斯先生结婚。是个非常平庸、见识浅薄而又长舌的女人。她的生活重心在于女儿的终生大事，想利用女儿钓金龟婿。 5.简·班内特(Jane Bennet)：伊莉莎白的姊姊，班内特五姐妹中最年长的，也是公认最美丽的一个。她温柔、善解人意，但性格矜持，经常收藏自己的情感。她相信人性本善，凡事都往好处想，认为世界上没有坏人。和宾利先生一见钟情，最后排除万难结为夫妻。 6.玛莉·班内特(Mary Bennet)：排行第三，性格并不讨好,是一名书呆子。她鄙视其他姊妹的兴趣，并经常希望能展视自己的音乐才华，及以警世格言来警告身边的人。 7. 凯瑟林（凯蒂）·班内特(Catherine "Kitty" Bennet)：排行第四，十七岁，经常跟随妹妹丽
简析《傲慢与偏见》中简.奥斯丁笔下的代表性女性人物 A.Mrs Bennet A.1 Mrs Bennet's fool from her words and actions A.2 Mrs Bennet's being in lack of propriety/decorum which influences the marriage of Jane and Elizabeth (从达西起初对其的印象及由此对伊丽莎白的看法来分析） A.3 Mrs Bennet's focus on the necessity of her daughters' marriage(Contrast to Mr Bennet's irresponsible behaviors toward both his estate and his dependents) B.Charlotte Lucas ( a practical view of marriage) B.1 27，Charlotte's age, is a crucial one for women in Austen's fiction at the age of women' marriage.......P9(这是她终于放弃爱情幻想，面对现实，做出抉择的重要原因） B.2 Her acceptance of Mr Collin's proposal to avoid the fate of spinsterhood（主动诱惑、接受求婚、再结婚） B.3 婚后生活Charlotte's attitude towards Mr Collins and her behaviors (客厅的布置、语言........) 从来不诟病他，但是同时缺乏激情，完美地扮演一位牧师之妻的角色.除了真正的爱情，她都能很好的驾驭与协调，八面玲珑。 C.Elizabeth Bennet ：the most susceptible to prejudice C.1 The production of prejudice C.1.1Beginning: Darcy's not asking her to dance after her judgment of Darcy formed by the rest of the neighborhood people C.1.2 Elizabeth accepts Wickham's version of the story of his mistreatment by Darcy C.1.3Elizabeth finds that Darcy destroys the love between Wickham and Jane. C.2The elimination of prejudice and Elizabeth's changes and growth. C.2.1Darcy's letter P20 C.2.2Elizabeth's examining the facts of the matter to recognize her own shortcomings.and growth 再肯定一下，她总的来说是美好的人物。
课程设计论文浅析《傲慢与偏见》的叙事视角 潘旭 指导老师姓名：王艳 课程名称：外国名家名著赏析 班级学号： 11134211 论文提交日期： 2012年4月24日 2012年 4月 24 日
13 浅析《傲慢与偏见》的叙事视角 电子工程学院楼宇112 潘旭 摘要:简·奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》中，通过在全知视角下具有限制性的叙述模式向我们展示了灰姑娘的浪漫爱情故事，描绘出作者所处时代的社会道德风貌，表达了作者的女性抗争意识及对当时社会婚姻观的批判。 关键词:全知视角;有限视角 在奥斯汀的著作中，《傲慢与偏见》一直深受读者的喜爱，并经受住了时间的考验，成为文学史上不朽的名著。剖析其原因，发现这与奥斯汀高超的叙事技巧是分不开的。自小说发表以来，其叙述技巧引起了广泛的评论，纵观其评论，发现对其独特的女性视角分析还是不够。在这部小说中，奥斯汀颠覆了以往男权统治下的话语权，采用了全知视角下，从女性的有限视角展示故事，从女性的角度来描写生活，并首次让小说中的女性形象第一次成为真正意义上的主角，让女性有了话语权。因而，从女性视角这一角度对小说进行解读，对于理解和把握作品具有重要的意义。申丹曾指出：叙事者的性别不同，往往会对叙事模式及其意义产生影响。把性别和视角结合在一起的女性视角是指从性别入手来审视人类的文化遗产和文化创造的一种批评观念和批评角度。本文将从女性叙事视角对小说进行解读，发掘其对于展现女性意识的意义。 叙事视角，在文学作品中是指作品叙述者或者人物从什么角度观察故事。从小说的整体来说，奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》中选择了全知视角，如在交代故事背景，人物首次出场以及在每章节中奥斯汀看似无意的评述，例如小说的第一章第一句话就是通过贝内特太太总括式的议论“有钱的单身汉总是要娶位太太，这是一条公认的真理。”使读者顷刻间就能识别人物形象。贝内特太太在全知叙述视角下，是作为被叙述对象而存在，她的那句总括式议论，与作者的价值信念是完全不同的，因而造成了读者与她的距离，读者高高在上地评判着贝内特太太，笑她的迂腐和无知。但是正是这一人物形象，却揭露了当时社会上普遍流行的婚姻价值观，正是因为当时流行的婚恋观所以贝内特太太才把嫁女儿当作自己的人生大事，读者在嘲讽贝内特太太的同时也了解了整个社会背景，实际上读者对贝内特太太的疏离也拉近了读者和隐含作者的距离，从而拉近了读者和女主人公的距离。在全知视角的应用方面还可以从小说的第二十二章中作者那一段心酸讽刺的话语评价了夏绿蒂的婚姻看出,“大凡家境不好而又受过相当教育的青年女子，总是把结婚当作仅有的一条体面的退路。尽管结婚并不一定会叫人幸福，但总算给自己安排了一条最可靠的储藏室，日后可以不致挨冻受饥。”这句话揭示出了当时女子在婚姻方面的被动局面，在男权社会里，女性一直处于附属地位，婚姻是两个门当户对家庭的结合，爱情的有无处于次要地位。对于女性来说，她在婚姻市场的卖点取决于她能够带来的嫁妆，像夏绿蒂这样没有嫁妆的女性，在当时只有两条路可走，一条是做家庭教师，另一条就是抓住婚姻，所以当迂腐的柯林斯向她求婚时她爽快地答应了，这在夏绿蒂看来似乎是最好的归宿了。奥斯汀一生未婚，在她27岁时曾拒绝了一位庄园主的求婚，也就是拒绝了日后有保障的生活。在《理智与情感》中，奥斯汀借玛丽安之口说出她当时心理“一个27岁
性格分析: 女主人公伊丽莎白聪敏机智，有胆识，有远见，有很强的自尊心，并善于思考问题。就当时一个待字闺中的小姐来讲，这是难能可贵的。正是由于这种品质，才使她在爱情问题上有独立的主见，并导致她与达西组成美满的家庭 赏析篇： 奥斯丁在这部小说中通过班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理，表现出乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻爱情问题的不同态度，从而反映了作者本人的婚姻观：为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的；而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此，她既反对为金钱而结婚，也反对把婚姻当儿戏。她强调理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。书中的女主人公伊丽莎白出身于小地主家庭，为富豪子弟达西所热爱。达西不顾门第和财富的差距，向她求婚，却遭到拒绝。伊丽莎白对他的误会和偏见是一个原因，但主要的是她讨厌他的傲慢。因为达西的这种傲慢实际上是地位差异的反映，只要存在这种傲慢，他与伊丽莎白之间就不可能有共同的思想感情，也不可能有理想的婚姻。以后伊丽莎白亲眼观察了达西的为人处世和一系列所作所为，特别是看到他改变了过去那种骄傲自负的神态，消除了对他的误会和偏见，从而与他缔结了美满姻缘。伊丽莎白对达西先后几次求婚的不同态度，实际上反映了女性对人格独立和平等权利的追求。这是伊丽莎白这一人物形象的进步意义。从小说看，伊丽莎白聪敏机智，有胆识，有远见，有很强的自尊心，并善于思考问题。就当时一个待字闺中的小姐来讲，这是难能可贵的。正是由于这种品质，才使她在爱情问题上有独立的主见，并导致她与达西组成美满的家庭。 在《傲慢与偏见》中，奥斯丁还写了伊丽莎白的几个姐妹和女友的婚事，这些都是陪衬，用来与女主人公理想的婚姻相对照。如夏绿蒂和柯林斯尽管婚后过着舒适的物质生活，但他们之间没有爱情，这种婚姻实际上是掩盖在华丽外衣下的社会悲剧。 奥斯丁的小说尽管题材比较狭窄，故事相当平淡，但是她善于在日常平凡事物中塑造鲜明的人物形象，不论是伊丽莎白、达西那种作者认为值得肯定的人物，还是魏克翰、柯林斯这类遭到讽刺挖苦的对象，都写得真实动人。同时，奥斯丁的语言是经过锤炼的，她在对话艺术上讲究幽默、讽刺，常以风趣诙谐的语言来烘托人物的性格特征。这种艺术创新使她的作品具有自己的特色。 内容篇： 全书的主要情节是围绕在拥有五个千金女儿的班耐特一家人，虽然他们一家人家境并不是非常富有，也无任何显赫的社会地位，但班耐特太太却处心积虑想替五个女儿寻找到和上流社会的贵族联婚的机会，而美丽而善良的大女儿琴恩，和机智勇敢的二女儿莉琪，她们置身在整个附庸风雅、贵气逼人的上流生活圈中，仍执著面对自我，并勇於维护自尊，却也因而丧失了对真爱的判断和实情的追求，以致忽视了优柔温文的宾格利和恃才傲物的达希，在扑朔迷离的形势中所表现出的难得挚情。 然而就在重重误解、心机、成见与持续华丽表面生活的遮掩下，挡不住的爱情仍如结晶的璞玉一般，终究不能不脱颖而出，傲慢与偏见的人性两貌，在种种环环相扣的冲突中清晰的突出，作者以她圆润、敏锐、幽默而细致的笔触，十足荡气回肠的描绘这一群人的恩怨爱恨。 此书另一特色就是所有主人翁活动性，以达希为例，他是个不受人喜爱的傲慢男人，他向来亦不屑周围肤浅的人际关系，此种僵化的对立就在他终於为莉琪动心的那一刻起了剧变，他