大学体验英语视听说教程第二版第4册教学设计
本教学设计为大学体验英语视听说教程第二版第4册的一节课教学设计。本次课程主要通过听力练习和口语训练，帮助学生提高听力水平和语言表达能力。本设计旨在设计一节能引起学生兴趣和参与的听力口语课程。
课程目标
1.提高学生的听力水平和语言表达能力
2.帮助学生理解和运用英语中的形容词和副词
3.训练学生的口语表达能力，让其能够自信地和他人交流
教学内容
预习：
1.回顾形容词和副词的基础知识
2.预习课文中出现的生词和词组
听力：
1.引导学生认真听第四册Unit 2的听力材料
2.要求学生在听材料的过程中写下听到的数字、日期和其他信息
讲解：
1.理解和运用词汇：引导学生理解课文中出现的名词、动词、形容词和
副词等词汇
2.语法讲解：讲解比较级和最高级的用法
口语：
1.分组让学生向他人介绍自己和自己的学校，要求使用特定词汇和句式
2.组内小组讨论：每个小组成员需要就一个话题进行讨论，讨论完毕后
代表小组向全班汇报
作业：
1.以小组为单位，写出一篇描述自己上一次旅行的文章，要求使用形容
词、副词和比较级
教学方法和手段
方法：
1.听力训练：通过听力训练提高学生听力水平
2.讲解：通过讲解提高学生对语法知识的认知和理解
3.口语训练：通过口语训练增加学生的语言表达能力
手段：
1.多媒体课件：在讲解课文内容和语法知识时，使用多媒体手段呈现生
动形象的图片和视频
2.班级讨论：通过小组讨论激发学生的兴趣和参与度
3.个人写作：通过个人写作培养学生的写作能力和语言表达能力
教学过程
导入：
1.展示一张图片，描述海岛度假的场景，引导学生感受海岛度假的魅力；
2.回顾形容词和副词知识，并展示一些形容词和副词，比如beautiful
和beauty等。
听力练习：
1.让学生认真听第四册Unit 2中的听力材料，帮助学生提高听力水平；
2.要求学生在听材料的过程中写下听到的数字、日期和其他信息。
讲解：
1.通过多媒体逐一讲解听力材料中涉及的语法和词汇；
2.讲解比较级和最高级的用法；
3.通过图片和视频辅助解释内容。
口语练习：
1.将学生分组，并让他们放第四册Unit 2中的对话练习说话。
2.每个小组成员需要就一个话题进行讨论，讨论完毕后代表小组向全班
汇报。
作业安排：
1.作业是以小组为单位，写一篇描述自己上一次旅行的文章，要求使用
形容词、副词和比较级；
2.作业完成后，让学生将文章提交给教师。
教学反思
通过本教学设计的实施，学生的听力水平得到了提高，在口语表达方面也取得了一定的进步。在教师的引导下，学生主动、积极参与了课堂和小组讨论，学习效果良好。通过多媒体手段的运用，学生更加直观地理解了课文中的内容。同时，本课设计把特定的话题和目标语言结合起来，使学生更容易在实践中掌握语言技能。但是，我在教学过程中发现，有些学生口语表达能力还不够强，未能在小组讨论中做到完全自如地运用所学内容。为此，在以后的课程设计中，我将注重帮助学生弥补这方面的不足。
大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译和课后答案 大学体验英语综合教程4课后答案Unit 1 课后答案 Read and thi nk 3 1~5 BADDC Read and thi nk 4 l. media 2.images 3. abusive 4. fulfilli ng 5. recog niti on 6. status 7. stresses 8. aware 9. deserve Read and complete 5 1. obligati on 2. applauded 3. fulfilled 4. mirror 5. flexibility 6. devalue 7. striving 8. entailed 9. supposedly 10. Consequently Read and complete 6 1. referred to as 2. at best
3. by the same toke n 4. at large 5. held up...as Read and tran slate 8 1. 随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。 With his promoti on,he has take n on greater resp on sibilities. 2?他感到他没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。 He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more. 3?闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露西却喜欢呆在家里看书。 Mary likes to go shopp ing in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy,who prefers to stay at home read ing. 4. 说好听一点，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心或没有资格的权力追求者。 or At best he' s ambitious,and at worst a power-seeker without conscienee qualificati ons. 5. 我们已经尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。 We have strive n to the full to convince him ,but we have made no headway. 课后答案 Ex14. 1. equality 2. susta ined 3. clue 4. expa nsive ness 5. was sacked 6. defi ned 7. sphere 8. sour 9. depress ing 10. divisi on Ex15. 1. in the way 2. falli ng apart 3. have ruled out 4. at this rate 5. took up
扬州大学《大学英语视听说教程》教学大纲 Syllabus for Viewing, Listening and Speaking: A Multimedia Approach ●课程编号：10051001-4 ●课程类别：公共基础课 ●适用专业：英语专业之外的所有专业 ●后续课程：大学英语拓展课程、通识英语教育课程、专业英语 ●总学分：8学分（每学期2学分） ●教学目的与要求： 《大学英语视听说教程》旨在传授英语试听基础知识，对学生进行全面严格的口语技能训练，培养学生实际运用语言的能力，主要是口头交际能力，逐步达到在英语口头表达方面准确与流利相结合。其教学目的包括：（1）培养学生全面的语言综合应用能力。在必要的语言技能训练基础之上，加强学生运用语言知识分析和综合应用语言的能力。课堂主要练习口语，课后在网络学习平台上练习听力、模仿会话，并进行语音和语调的训练。课堂教学以口语训练为主，形式包括分组讨论、双人问答、角色扮演、演讲等。教材相关的音视频材料由学生利用校园网教学平台自主学习，教师监控管理并就学生提出的问题进行网上答疑，参与论坛讨论。（2）培养学生的口头交际能力。本课程的基本手段是通过让学生接触到大量的音视频文字及听力材料，增加语言输入，然后经过对语言的模仿最终达到对语言的自如运用。因此，第一、二学期着重于语言基本功的训练，如语音、语调、语法、朗读、复述能力。第三、四学期则着重让学生用所掌握的语言知识，条理清晰、逻辑严谨地口头表达观点与思想。在两个学年的学习中，学生应从大量的口语实践中完成从单纯模仿到自由运用的过渡。（3）增加学生对所学语言国家文化的了解。语言是文化交流的媒介，交际过程无时无刻不体现着文化之间的差异，所以本课程的目标之一就是培养学生观察和理解所学语言的社会环境，使其掌握正确、得体的表达方式。（4）提高学生观察分析问题的能力。本课程的课文素材绝大多数选自国外的教科书、报刊、影视剧等。它们一方面为学生提供了丰富的有关英语国家的资料；另一方面也为学生展示了外国人对社会诸方面问题的看法。口语实践活动应与提高观察分析问题的能力有机地结合起来。 根据教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，结合我校分级教学的安排，学生在大学英语学习阶段，口语表达能力的要求分三个层次，具体包括：（1）一般要求，即一级起点学生的口语能力要求：能在学习过程中用英语交流，并能就某一主题进行讨论，能就日常话题用英语进行交谈，能经准备后就所熟悉的话题作简短发言，表达比较清楚，语音、语调基本正确。能在交谈中使用基本的会话策略。（2）较高要求，即二级起点学生的口语能力要求：能用英语就一般性话题进行比较流利的会话，能基本表达个人意见、情感、观点等，能基本陈述事实、理由和描述事件，表达清楚，语音、语调基本正确。（3）更高要求，即三级起点学生的口语能力要求：能较为流利、准确地就一般或专业性话题进行对话或讨论，能用简练的语言概括篇幅较长、有一定语言难度的文本或讲话，能在国际会议和专业交流中宣读论文并参加讨论。 ●教学内容与学时安排
大学体验英语四（综合教程） Unit 6Psychological Health Listen and Talk Lead in Are you feeling really sad, tired, and worried most of the time? Are these feelings lasting more than a few days? If yes, you may have depression. Depression is a (S1) medical illness that (S2) the brain. You may want to know why you feel "depressed.”There may be (S3) causes. Depression may happen because of (S4) in your brain. Depression runs in some (S5) . This (S6) that someone in your family such as a grandparent, parent, aunt, uncle, cousin, sister or brother may have depression. Sometimes (S7) events or losses such as deaths can lead to depression. Sometimes the cause of depression is not clear. Don’t wait. Talk to your doctor about how you're feeling (S8) . If you don’t have a doctor, check your local phone book. (S9) . Call one near you and ask for help. (S10) . Ask your doctor which type is best for you. Some people need both treatments to feel better. Key:(S1) serious; (S2) involves; (S3) several; (S4) changes; (S5) families; (S6) means; (S7) painful; (S8) Get a medical checkup to rule out any other illnesses that might be causing signs of depression. (S9) Go to the government services pages and look for "health clinics” or "community health cente rs.” (S10) There are two common types of treatment for depression: medicine and "talk” therapy. Passage A: Is It Healthy to Be a Football Supporter? 2. Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage. 1. Psychologists often describe die-hard fans as ______. A) those who suffer fewer bouts of depression than others. B) those who are considered to be disturbingly different from others C) those who demonstrate a fierce and unbreakable bond D) those who never search for self-esteem by identifying with a team 2. To the die-hard fans, a football match ______. A) is a fight to protect their city or country B) is a light-hearted display of athletic prowess C) is the best way to gain respect from their rivals D) is a good chance for them to show their enthusiasm for football
Famous Quote — Benjamin Franklin Unit Overview Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems, not only physically but also psychologically. In this unit, students will be introduced to the importance of psychological health and ways to achieve it through listening, watching and reading. Various activities will inspire the students to talk about ways to cope with stress and to be happy by using the words and expressions in this unit. And finally, they will conduct a poll on “Stress on Campus ” with their peers. In this unit, you will get to know ways to deal with stress that comes from stressful situations, different life periods and difficult people through listening, watching and reading talk about the impact of stress on your physical and especially mental health, and the ways to deal with stress through guided activities conduct a poll on “Stress on Campus ” with your peers pick up useful words and expressions learn to reflect on your own learning and comment on that of your peers learn to think independently, critically and creatively Background Information Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when you’re consta ntly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price. Stress is a normal physical response to events that make you feel threatened or upset your balance in some way. When you sense danger--- whether i t’s real or imagined--- the body’s defenses kick into high gear in a rapid, automatic process known as the “fight -or-flight” reaction, or the stress response. The stress response is the body’s way of protecting you. When working properly, it helps you stay focused, energetic, and alert. In emergency situations, stress can save your life – giving you extra strength to defend yourself, for example, or spurring you to slam on the brakes to avoid an accident. Benjamin Franklin (1706 — 1790): One of the Founding Fathers of the United States. As a noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, soldier, and diplomat. He helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; as The Constitution only guarantees the American people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself.
Unit One Listening Task 1 The neighborhood children my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls-and-house indoors. I, on the other hand, spent much of my childhood alone. I’d curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writing poems or stories and drawing pictures. Sometimes around the fourth grade, my “big”(often critical, judgmental) Grandma, who’d been visiting us said to me, “What’s wrong with you? Why don’t the other children want to play with you?”I remember being startled and confused by her question. I’d never been particularly interested in playing with the other children. It hadn’t, till then, occurred to me that that was either odd or something with me. Nor had it occurrred to me that they didn’t “want to play with”me. My first conscious memory of feeling different was in the fourth grade. At the wardrobe, listening to classmates joking, chattering and laughing with each other, I realized I hadn’t a clue about what was so funny or of how to participate in their easy chatter. They seemed to live in a universe about which I knew nothing at all. I tried to act like others but it was so difficult. I felt confused and disoriented. I turned back to my inner world: reading books, writing and daydreaming. My inwardness grew me in ways that continued to move me further away from the world of my age peers. The easy flow of casual social chat has remained forever beyond my reach and beyond my interest, too. Listening Task 2 The greatest difficulty for me is that as a person of mixed origin I am at home neither here nor there. Wherever I am, I am regarded as being foreign, either “white” or “blac k”. It happens to me when I live in my mother’s country of origin, in Switzerland, and it happened to me when I was living in my father’s country, Ivory Coast. I would feel at home where I could feel that people accept me just the way I am! When you are a small child you first do not feel that you are different from the others. But soon the others will make you feel different – and children too can be very cruel in their behavior against the “strange child”. Sometimes incredible incidents happen. Some time ago I was riding my bike somewhere in a little place in Switzarland nearby to where I live. A car drove by, and the male driver opened the window and yelled at me: “Scheiss – Neger – dirty nigger!” I almost froze. I felt helpless and unable to defend myself. When I looked at the number plate, I saw that it was a German number plate. This means that the insulting person himself was a foreigner in this country! How could he dare insult me like this? I felt that I wanted to kill this man. When I recovered I was able to think about it more clearly. These racist people are just stupid and do not know anything about life. Scripts for Unit Two Listening Task 1 Everybody cheats. Whether it’s the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes hime the long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn’t give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a bribe – everybody’s at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show contestant who collaborated with a friend in the audience to win a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn’t really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody’s playing the game. Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing? If it’s the latter, how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?
UNIT1 1. Taxes are an (obligation 义务，责任) which m ay fall on everybody. 2. We (applauded 赞同) the authority's decision not to close the hospital. 3. The doctor's instructions m ust be (fulfilled 履行) exactly; the sick m an's life depends on it. 4. Do these opinion polls really (m irror 反射) what people are thinking? 5. I prefer to think of m em orization as a stepping-stone to (flexibility 灵活性) in use of words and phrases. 6. In her office m em os she tended to (devalue 使-贬值) the work done by her staff. 7. The history of train transport has partly been a history of (striving 努力) for greater efficiency and profit. 8. He took on the new post without having the faintest idea of what it (entailed 使承担) . 9. He is (supposedly 可能) one of the greatest experts in this field. 10. Absolute secrecy is essential .(Consequently 所以) , the fewer who are aware of the project the better. 11. This period is usually (referred to as 把-称作) the post-war period. 12. It would be a setback (at best 至多) if we were denied the use of their software. 13. We m ake people m entally old by retiring them, and we m ay even (by the sam e token 同样的) make them physically old. 14. I know that the public (at large 一般) aren't interested in this issue. 15. My sister was always (held up举出) to m e (as 做例子) a m odel child. UNIT2 1. By the age of 20, Mozart had written som e ten operas and was well prepared for the dem anding audiences that (awaited 等候) him in Vienna. 2. After only three years in the Am erican m arket, our US sales there (have overtaken 追上) those in Japan. . 3. Earthquakes (pose 造成) such serious danger to the country that Japan has becom e a world leader in earthquake prediction, earthquake-proof construction techniques, and disaster preparedness by both civil defense forces and the general public. 4. Am erican artists often took their (cues 暗示) from European literary salons and art schools, and cultured Americans traveled to Europe to becom e educated. 5. A series of body explosions (has underm ined 损害) all the hopes for a peaceful solution in the Middle East. 6. When he realized the police had (spotted 看出) him, the m an made for the exit as quickly as possible. 7.Many of the scientists and engineers are (judged 判断) in terms of how great their achievem ents are. 8. A person who m oves to a house on a busy street m ay initially be (distracted 分散) every tim e a loud vehicle drives by but after a m onth he will becom e used to it. 9. These publishers all depended on the favor of the English crown for their existence, and so they only published materials that did not (offend 冒犯) royalty. 10. They will seek to persuade others that they are m oral in the accepted sense of the term in order to (mask
Unit 5 1.I have to question the morality of forcing the injured to pay for the damage to the equipment. 译文：迫使伤者为损坏的设备赔钱，我不禁质疑这一做法的道德性。 2.Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth. 译文：什么也阻止不了他们对真理的追求。 3.I think the way she’s been treated is a(n) downright disgrace. 译文：我认为她被对待的方式完全是种耻辱。 4.Headvocated taking a more long-term view. 译文：他主张以更长远的观点看待问题。 5.This writer, as well as his contemporaries was interested in the same subjects. 译文：这名作家和他同时代的人都对同一主题感兴趣。 6.She says he’ll come back, but she’s deceiving herself. 译文：她说他会回来，但这只是咋自欺欺人罢了。 7.Some people think that uncontrolled economic growth and environmental stability are mutually exclusive. 译文：有些人认为无节制的经济增长和环境稳定是相互排斥的。 8.He got ten years in prison for withholding evidence and obstructing the course of justice. 译文：他因隐瞒证据、阻碍司法程序而被判十年监禁。 9.Two of the soldiers were killed and the rest were captured. 译文：两名士兵被杀，其他人被俘。 10.A guilty conscience prevented her from sleeping at night. 译文：内疚使她夜不能寐。 Unit 6 1.There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement. 译文：举国上下一片欢腾，人们举行游行并敲响了教堂的钟声，来庆祝这一伟大的成就。 2.Yourself-esteem is your good opinion of yourself or your respect for yourself. your good opinion of yourself or your respect for yourself. 译文：自尊是你对自己的好评价或你对自己的尊敬。 3.It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger. 译文：逃离危险的地方时一种原始的本能。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4e19199108.html,ter, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book. 译文：后来，他的一些调查结果引起了人们对他的书的广泛关注。 5.Sheidentified herself with the compaign against drug abuse. 译文：她认同这场反对滥用毒品的战争。 6.The issue has caused great tension between the two countries and could lead to a military confrontation. 译文：该事件造成了两国关系紧张并可能导致军事对抗。 7.Your statement is in conflict with the rest of evidence. 译文：你的陈述和接下来的证据不一致。 8.Most of the students have already felt the pressure of soaring inflation. 译文：大多数学生已经感受到不断加剧的通货膨胀的压力。 9.Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. 译文：由于海水逐渐向内陆侵入，许多国家不得不丢弃。
Unit 2 为什么数字文化对你有好处？ 最近，新闻媒体以及社会学家和行为学家们都发出大量警告指出：网络空间危险重重。其实，万维网与世界上其它任何事物一样并非天然地有害。它并非某种看不见摸不着的实体，能使危险降临进入它的每一个人。实际上，网络就其本身而言是相当无害的，它没有超越其使用者并改变他们的存在的特殊功能。正如古老的传说指出的一样，吸血鬼不请不会自入家门来伤害你，互联网也不会不请自来地使你堕落。除孩子和意志薄弱者外，它不可能造成本来就不存在的东西… （1）如同酒精的作用一样，网络仅仅是将已有的事物放大： 专家们担心，网上盛行的隐藏装假对参与数字文化的人来说是危险的。他们告诉我们，我们不知不觉地全都会使用假身份，一个个变得残缺不全面目全非，以至于连自己都不敢肯定自己究竟是谁。全错。只有那些在“现实生活”中表现得诡秘莫测，毫不坦诚的人，才感到被迫要在网上伪装自己并用其它方法提供虚假情况。网络只不过为他们增添了一种实施欺骗的工具。 因为我们了解现实生活中的这些人，所以被这些人欺骗的可能性很小。因特网并不会“引起”人们去装扮成另一些人。至于数字文化中人被这些不诚实的家伙欺骗的问题，就如同“现实”生活中一样，网上同样有许多“信号”会揭露他们的骗术。有水平的网迷能识别在线人行为所发出的很多危险信号。尤其是经过一段时间之后，别的用户的意图常常是非常清楚的。有人试图在网上欺骗我们时，常常会明白无误地表现为自我矛盾，这是力求取信而过分涂抹，甚至说话虚假、令人难信的必然迹象。同样，与在“现实世界”中一样，许多其它令人讨厌的倾向在网上也都能很容易地识别出来。孤芳自赏（一切围绕“我我我”）在网络上也老远就会被发现，因为他们都是些只说别人反话或坏话的人，认为只有吹灭他人的蜡烛自己才能闪光的人。（2）网络能让人展现其最好的一面： “现实生活”中爱好交往和直率的人在网上也会展现相同的个性。多数人网上和网下都一样爱找乐趣，即使不是有过之而无不及，也与他们平时在聚会上、在工作中和在当地的酒吧里一样喜欢寻找乐趣。然而无可否认，有些人没有烈性酒作伴，你和他们在一起就不会那么欢乐。 害羞的人在网上比在“现实世界”中会得到更为“安全的”环境，并且在网上能学会更自由地表达自己（你从未见到过有人会在电子邮件上结结巴巴地说话，对吗），网络会使他们增强信心，获得交际技能，而这些又最终会扩大到他们生活的其它方面。现实生活中喜欢帮助他人的人常常在网上也愿意尽力帮助他人。 （3）网上评价人的方式不同： 在互联网上，对人的评价是看他们的个性、信念和网上行为，而不是看他们的外表长相。这很好，因为它不仅会给其貌不扬的人机会，也会使长相漂亮的人必须要说话值得一听才会引起别人注意。 （4）人们更加坦率： 由于在互联网上不必使用真名并提供真实身份，许多人近日来更加坦诚，畅吐心曲。 （5）我们联到一起了： 参与数字文化的人都非常了解，网上有大量重要信息，并能提供许多改变他们生活的机遇。网络为我们中间的许多人打开了许多大门，这种选择是他们在其它面所不能得到的。从事研究的可能和上网与人联系就是两个这样的机会。 （6）我们懂得了语言的威力并学会了更善于倾听：没有面部表情、身体语言或外表长相的干扰，数字文化的成员已学会了词语的威力…，包括他们自己的和他人的词语。我们透彻地懂得将词语简单地组合起来就能损害、伤害和冒犯他人，也可以表现幽默和提供帮助、支
大学体验英语听说教程2第二版教学设计 一、教学目标 1.1 语言知识 通过本课程的学习，学生能够： •掌握英语听力、口语基本技能； •学习并掌握基础词汇和语法； •能熟练听懂和表达与日常生活、工作相关的主题和话题； •两周内能够独立完成听力和口语的考试。 1.2 学科素养目标 通过本课程的学习，学生将： •培养自主学习的能力； •培养英语阅读、口语表达以及跨文化交流的能力； •培养团队协作和交流能力，提高具有实际应用的综合素养。 二、教学重点和难点 2.1 教学重点 •听力训练，提高听懂英语的能力； •口语练习，提高口语表达能力； •提高学生综合素质，包括跨文化交流能力、自主学习能力和团队协作能力。 2.2 教学难点 •学生自主学习的引导；
•如何从文化背景出发理解语言的含义； •跨文化交流的培养。 三、教学内容 3.1 课程设计 1.第一单元：认识课程、英语基础练习； 2.第二单元：聊天用语与场合、季节单词及习惯； 3.第三单元：旅游、交通工具和方位； 4.第四单元：日常生活，包括健康、饮食、购物以及政治与经济； 5.第五单元：职场英语，包括面试、简历撰写、工作技能与沟通； 6.期末复习和考试。 3.2 教学方法 1.组内交流与合作：学生以小组为单位完成任务，提高团队协作能力； 2.个性化学习：学生根据自身情况设定目标，有选择地完成更适合自己 的任务； 3.互动式教学：通过朗读、角色扮演等互动方式，提高学生的口语表达 能力； 4.课外实践：要求每位学生完成一次英语演讲或试模仿音频，提高自主 学习和口语水平。 四、教材与参考书目 教材：《大学体验英语听说教程2第二版》 参考书目： •《跨文化交际能力概论》（王明达、王宇、费高斯，上海外语教育出版社，2001年）；
Unit 4 学英语既有乐趣又有回报 文学的研究——包含对哲学、宗教、历史事件的发展和观念由来的研究，不仅是文明的，并且有教化作用，而且是流行的和实际的。在所有从文理学院毕业并获得学士学位的人中，有六分之一的主修英语。让人惊异的是可，这些毕业生能胜任范围相当广泛的工作。他们的经验表明，这种广泛流行的偏见是错误的，即英语专业的学生只能从事新闻或教学工作：事实上，主修英语的学生也为未来从事法律、医学、商业和公职等职业做了相当好的准备。 有人时常劝告期望上法学院或医学院的大学生要学习与他们的择业有直接联系的严格指定的课程。有人还建议未来法学院的学生应该选修政治、历史、会计、商业管理，甚至人体解刨学、婚姻和家庭生活等课程。未来医学院的学生被引导去学习多种理科课程，实际上，这些课程比他们考入医学院所需要的理科课程要多得多。令人惊讶的是，许多法学院和医学院却指出，如此专门化的准备不但没有必要，而且并不可取。没有什么“法律预科”课程：上法学院和从事法律行业的最好的准备是培养学生能够进行批判性的思考；能够进行清晰的合乎逻辑的自我表达，能够对他人的动机、行动和思想进行敏锐的分析。这些技能也正是英语专业要教给学生掌握的技能。 此外，要进入法学院就读，通常需要具有合格院校颁发的学士学位，还需要拿到最低限度的各课平均积分点，并和在法学院录取考试中取得一个通得过的分数。这项测试包括三个部分：首先是测试阅读理解、图形分类和书面材料评估等能力。测试的第二部分是考核对英语语法和词汇用法的掌握能力，组织书面材料的能力和文字编辑的能力。第三个部分是检验学生的文学、艺术、音乐、自然科学和社会科学的一般知识。显而易见，主修英语的学生参加法学院的录取考试回得心应手。 至于医学院，入学要求的一条知识修满32个学时的理科课程。这一要求对主修英语的学生来说肯定不成问题。另外，许多医学院校要求学生必须在医学院入学考试中取得规定的最低分，这一测试对全面发展的文科学生来说有十分有利。医学院入学考试检测四方面的能力：同义词、反义词和词语联想能力；从分数到立体几何的基本数学知识；文学、哲学、心理学、音乐、艺术和社会科学的常识；以及熟悉中学和大学初始阶段教过的生物学、化学和物理学基本原理的程度。立刻基础扎实的主修英语学生完全有能力参加这一考试和医学院入学考试，他们的阅读、分析、阐述和准确交流的能力使他们更胜一筹。学医和行医只会从对人的行为的洞察中受益无穷，而这种洞察却是文学研究才能提供的。 很显然，如此的洞察力对计划以经商为业的学生来说也是很有价值的。这样的学生应该考虑的是，挑选主修对商科有侧重的英语了成是有优势的：这种课程的目的在于在提供文科教育的同时，也为从商职业做准备。对这种教育计划的需求是显而易见的：只有技术性资格的毕业生能找到从商工作，但却经常难以居其位。《华尔街杂志》和《大学生毕业杂志》都有报道，说越来越多的著名商学院的毕业生发现他们自己经常从一种工作或一家公司跳槽到另一个工作或另一家公司，在一个工作岗位上干不了十二个月。雇主们抱怨说，这些表面上年轻有为的男女们根本不会有效地交流，因为他们的文字能力不够强；他们不能够从管理人员培训中穴道东西；他们不能够进行有效的口头表达；他们不能用书面形式报告他们的工作进展或问题；他们不能够知道其他工作人员。然而，分析和交流的技能却是管理的最根本的需要。因此，偏重商业经营管理的主攻英语的学生为未来从事商业管理作好了充分准备。对涉及从银行、保险到通信乃至制造业等总多领域的将近400家公司进行了有关调查，针对是否聘用具有英语学位文凭的大学毕业生在营销、系统工程、人事管理、销售、编程、项目设计和劳资关系等领域都工作得十分出色。 主修英语的学生也正在各级政府提供的上千种岗位上工作。就拿可以算得是美国最大的雇主的联邦政府来说吧。从海军陆战队到矿务局，从商业部到国家公园服务处，联邦政府各种机