当前位置:文档之家› 英语语法:虚拟语气归纳整理

英语语法:虚拟语气归纳整理

虚拟语气

一、语气的分类

语气概述:语气,跟失态和语态一样,也是动词的一种形式,表明说话者的意图、态度和目的。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

1.陈述语气:用来陈述事实或提出想法,包括肯定、否定

例:

Recent pressure at work may account for his behaviour.

他的行为也许是最近的工作压力导致的。

2.祈使语气:表明说话人提出请求、命令或劝告等

例:

Calm down and tell me what happened.

冷静点儿,告诉我发生了什么事。

祈使语气也可用在并列句中表示条件

Work hard and you will succeed.

好好干,你会成功的。

H e quick or you’ll be late.

快点儿,否则你会迟到。

3.虚拟语气:表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、请求、命令;

有时是一种非真实的假设,与事实不符或相反的情况

例:

If had seen him yesterday, I would have told him the news.

我如果昨天见到他,就会把这个消息告诉他了。

二、虚拟语气的用法

(一)虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

1.虚拟语气主要用在虚拟条件中,表示根本不存在的情况或

可能很小的假设

虚拟语气用于if条件句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式如下:

——与现在事实相反:过去式(be一般用were)

should/ would/could/might+动词原形

——与过去事实相反:had+过去分词

should/ would/ could/ might have +过去分词

——与将来事实相反:过去式(be一般用were)/should + 动词原

形/ were to + 动词原形

should/ would/ could/might + 动词原形

例:

If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer.

我如果有足够的钱,会为自己买一台电脑。(与现在的事实相反)

If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.

如果去年雨水充足的话,我们可能会有一个好收成。(与过去的事实相反)

If I should see/ were to see/ saw him tomorrow, I would invite him home.

我如果明天见到他,会邀请他到家里来。(与将来的事实相反)

特别关注:

1.在虚拟语气中,be在各种人称中都用were,在非正式问题中,

第三人称单数也可用was。

2.如果说话人认为if从句所表示的是事实(客观存在的情况或实现

的可能性很大的假设),全句就可以用陈述语气。

例:

If you do it once more, you will do it better.

你如果再做一遍,就会做得更好。(事实上完全可以再做一遍)

2.如果条件句中含有were、should或had,有时可将if省略,把were、should或had,则不能

例:

If y ou had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed the

examination.

-----Had you taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed the

examination.

你如果听了我的建议,就不会考试不及格。

If you were you, I would apply for the job.

-----Were I you, I would apply for the job.

我如果是你,就会申请那份工作。

3.错综时间条件句(混合条件句)

虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致时,主句和从句的谓语动词根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。

例:

If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the opening ceremony last

night.

我如果是你,就不会错过昨晚的开幕式。(从句与现在事实相

反,主句与过去事实相反)

If they had left here last night, they would arrive home in an

hour.

他们要是昨晚就离开这里的话,再过一小时就该到家了。(从句

与过去事实相反,主句与将来事实相反)

If had taken my umbrella with me this morning. I should not be

wet now.

我如果今天早上带了伞,现在就不会淋湿了。(从句与过去事实

相反,主句与现在事实相反)

4.含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不用从句表示出来,而是通过介词或介词短语(without、but for等)、副词(otherwise)、连词(or、but、but

that等)、上下文或其他方式表现出来,这种句子要用含蓄虚拟语气。

例:

Without air, there wouldn’t be living things in the word.

没有空气,世界上就没有生物。(相当于If there were no air…)

She would have come to see you, but she was so busy that day.

她原本会来看你的,可是那天她实在太忙了。(相当于If she had

not been so busy that day…)

But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.

要不是那场暴风雨,我早就到了。(相当于If it had not been

for…)

He came to town yesterday, or I would not have met him.

他昨天到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见他了。

5.“I f it were not/ had not been for…” 句型中的虚拟语气意

为“要不是……”

例:

If it were not for peace, we would not be living a happy life

today.

要不是有了和平,我们今天就不可能过着幸福的生活了。

If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone

bankrupt.

要不是你的及时帮助,我就破产了。

(二)虚拟语气在各种从句中的用法

1.虚拟语气用于主句从句中

在以下几个句型中,it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,谓语部分常用“(should + )动词原形”虚拟语气形式。

(1)“It is/ was + 形容词/过去分词 + that…”结构中的虚拟语气在“It is/ was +形容词/过去分词+ that…”结构中,表示“愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧急、重要”等含义

的形容词后的主语从句中用虚拟语气,谓语构成为“(should+)动词原形”。

此结构中常用的形容词和过去分词:

natural 自然的、essential 至关重要的、necessary 必要的、

strange 奇怪的、vital 至关重要的、possible 可能的、required 要

求、requested 请求、suggested 建议、ordered 命令、proposed

提议appropriate 适当的、preferable 更可取的、important 重要

的、urgent 紧破的、probable 很可能的、advisable 明智的、

demanded 要求、desired 要求、recommend 推荐、advised 建议

例:

It is necessary that we ( should )have a rest now.

我们很有必要现在休息一下。

It is important that we ( should ) make everything ready ahead of time.

我们事先把一切准备好很重要。

It is strange that she ( should ) marry such an old man.

她竟然嫁给了这样一位年老的男士,真是太奇怪了。

It is vital that enough money ( should ) be collected to rebuild the disaster area.

至关重要的是为灾区重建募集足够的钱。

It is desired that remote control ( should ) be introduced into this system.

要求把遥控装置引进该系统。

It is required that nobody ( should ) park his car here.

要求任何人不得在此停车。

(2)“It is + 名词 + that…” 结构中的虚拟语气

在“It is + 名词 + that…”结构的主语从句中常用虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等,谓语动词构成为“( should

+ )动词原形”。

常用于该结构的名词有:

Advice 建议、decision决定、desire渴望、demand要求、idea想法、order命令、pity遗憾、preference偏爱、proposal建议、

recommendation建议、requirement要求、shame遗憾、

suggestion建议、surprise惊讶、wish希望、wonder惊奇

例:

It is my advice that we ( should ) accept the young man’s apology.

我的建议是我们应该接受这个年轻人的道歉。

It was a pity that you ( should ) be so careless.

你如此马虎,真是令人遗憾。

It’s his suggestion that we ( should ) get more people to attend the

conference.

他的建议是我们应该让更多的人参加会议。

It is a shame that he ( should ) fail the exam.

很遗憾他没有通过考试。

It’s a surprise that he ( should ) pass the examination with the highest

score.

令人吃惊的是,他居然以最高分通过了考试。

2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句中

(1) wish后的宾语从句

表示与现在的事实相反的愿望:过去式( be 用 were)

表示与过去的事实相反的愿望:had + 过去分词

表示与将来的事实相反的愿望:would/could + 动词原形

例:

I wish I were as young as you.

我真希望能和你一样年轻。(对现在的虚拟)

They wish they had not lost the chance.

他们真希望没失去那次机会。(对过去的虚拟)

I wish you would stay a bit longer.

我希望你能多待一段时间。(对将来的虚拟)

(2)用于表示“命令、建议”等含义的动词后接的宾语从句中

表示“命令、建议、要求、坚持”等含义的动词后接的宾语从句中通常用虚拟语气,谓语动词成为“should + 动词原形”, should可以省略,即advise/ order/ suggest/ propose/ recommend/ require/ demand/ request/ insist/ intend/ command/ ask/…+ ( should )do。

例:

I advise that the workers ( should ) start working on the project at once.

我建议工人们立即开始这项工程。

One of my former classmates suggests that we ( should ) hold a party next

week.

我的一位老同学建议我们下周举行一次聚会。

These doctors and nurses insisted that they ( should ) be taken there.

这些医生和护士坚持要求他们应该被送到那儿。

锦囊妙记

一、二、四、四法:一个“坚持”(insist),两个“命令”(order、

command),四个“建议”(suggest、propose、advise、recommend),四个“要求”(demand、require、request、ask)。

特别关注

1.与此类动词相关的从句(如主语从句、表语从句及同谓语从句)谓语动

词也使用“ should + 动词原形”,should可省去。

例:

His suggestion was that we ( should ) put the match off.

他的建议是我们应该把比赛延期。(表语从句)

He gave the order that the patient ( should ) be taken to hospital without

delay.

他发出命令,病人应该立即被送往医院。(同位语从句)

2.当suggest 作“暗示、表明”讲,insist作“坚持说”讲时,其后的that从

句要用陈述语气。

例:

We all suggest that a lab ( should ) be built.

我们都建议建一个实验室。

Her expression suggested that she was angry.

她的表情表明她生气了。

She insisted that we ( should ) find the source of the river and begin our

journey there.

她坚决主张我们应该找到河的源头,然后从那里开始我们的旅程。

She i nsisted that she had done nothing wrong.

她坚持说自己没有做错事。

(3)would rather 后的宾语从句谓语动词常用过去式,表示对现在或将来的虚拟;用“had + 过去分词”时,表示对过去的虚拟

例:

D on’t always make noise. I’d rat her you kept silent.

不要老是制造噪音。我想让你保持安静。

You were wrong. I’d rather you hadn’t taken his advice.

你错了。我宁愿你没听从他的建议。

3.虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句中

(1)表示“请求、命令、建议”等含义的名词充当句子主语时,其后的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词构成为“( should + )动词原

形”

常见的这类名词有:

advice建议、demand 要求、order命令、desire渴望、requirement要

求、request请求、proposal建议;提议、suggestion建议、command

命令、decision决定

例:

His suggestion is that we ( should ) get started at once.

他的建议是我们应该立即出发。(表语从句)

My advice is that you ( should ) quit smoking.

我的建议是你应该戒烟。(表语从句)

The order came that the work ( should ) be finished ahead of time.

提前完成工作的命令传来了。(同位语从句)

(2)as if/ though引导的表语从句中虚拟语气

as if/ though引导的表语从句有时可用虚拟语气,表示与现在事实

相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反时,从句谓语动

词用过去完成时;表示将来发生的可能性不大时,从句谓语动词用

“would/ might/ could + 动词原形”。

例:

She looks as though she were sick.

她看上去好像生病了。(与现实事实相反)

I felt as if we had known each other for years.

我感觉我们好像已经相识多年了。(过去事实相反)

It seems as if it were spring already.

现在仿佛已是春天了。

It looks as if it might snow.

看上去好像要下雪了。(与将来事实相反)

It seems as if the meeting would never end.

看起来会议会没完没了的。(会议终归会结束)

特别关注

as if/ though 也可引导事实或很可能是事实的从句,常用在连系动

词look、seem、taste、smell、sound等后。

例:

It looks as if it is going to rain.

仿佛天要下雨。(马上就要下雨)

It seems as if the boy has lost his way.

这个男孩好像迷路了。

——It seems as if he has no worries.

他似乎没有烦恼。(表示没有烦恼,接近事实)

——It seems as if he had no worries.

他似乎没有烦恼。(表示仿佛没有烦恼,其实有很多)4.虚拟语气用于状语从句中

(1)as if/ though 引导的方式状语从句所表达的内容如果与事实相反或者发生的可能性不大,则从句中需用虚拟语气,形式和as if /

though引导表语从句一样

例:

She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

她谈论那部影片,就好像她真的看过一样。(对过去的虚拟)

He speaks as though he were sick.

他讲起话来好像生病了一样。(对现在的虚拟)

(2)在in case、for fear that引导的从句中,谓语用“should + 动词原形”

例:

He took his raincoat with him in case/ for fear that he should be

caught in the rain.

他带了雨衣,以免遭雨淋。

5.虚拟语气用于定语从句中

常用在“It is ( high ) time that …” 句型中,从句谓语动词须用过去式或“ should + 动词原形”,意为“是做某事的时候了”。

例:

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.

= It is time that I should go to pick up my daughter at school.

特别关注

1.虚拟续期用于if only 引导的感叹句中,表示“要是……就好了“。

用过去式表示与现在事实相反;用“had+ 过去分词“表示与过去事

实相反;用”would+动词原形“表示与将来事实相反。

例:

If only she were my sister!

如果她是我姐姐该多好啊!(对现在事实的假设)

If only you had worked with greater care!

你当时干活要是再小心点儿就好了!(对过去事实的假设)

If only she would win!

但愿她能赢!(对捡来事实的假设)

2.虚拟语气常用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。表示祝愿时还常用“may

+ 主语 + 动词原形( + 其他)”结构

例:

May you succeed. 祝你成功。

May you be happy!祝你幸福!

3.表示“本打算做而未做成”:hope、want、plan、mean、

intend、expect等动词的“had + 过去分词”形式和这些动词的“过

去式+ to have done”形式都表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图。

例:

I had meant to go away but couldn’t get rid of the children.

我本来想走开,但是我摆脱不了这群孩子。

I intended to have seen you off at the airport but I got there too late.

我本来想去机场送你,但是我打倒那里太晚了。

英语语法:虚拟语气归纳整理

虚拟语气 一、语气的分类 语气概述:语气,跟失态和语态一样,也是动词的一种形式,表明说话者的意图、态度和目的。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1.陈述语气:用来陈述事实或提出想法,包括肯定、否定 例: Recent pressure at work may account for his behaviour. 他的行为也许是最近的工作压力导致的。 2.祈使语气:表明说话人提出请求、命令或劝告等 例: Calm down and tell me what happened. 冷静点儿,告诉我发生了什么事。 祈使语气也可用在并列句中表示条件 Work hard and you will succeed. 好好干,你会成功的。 H e quick or you’ll be late. 快点儿,否则你会迟到。 3.虚拟语气:表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、请求、命令; 有时是一种非真实的假设,与事实不符或相反的情况 例: If had seen him yesterday, I would have told him the news. 我如果昨天见到他,就会把这个消息告诉他了。 二、虚拟语气的用法 (一)虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 1.虚拟语气主要用在虚拟条件中,表示根本不存在的情况或 可能很小的假设 虚拟语气用于if条件句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式如下: ——与现在事实相反:过去式(be一般用were) should/ would/could/might+动词原形 ——与过去事实相反:had+过去分词 should/ would/ could/ might have +过去分词 ——与将来事实相反:过去式(be一般用were)/should + 动词原 形/ were to + 动词原形 should/ would/ could/might + 动词原形 例: If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer. 我如果有足够的钱,会为自己买一台电脑。(与现在的事实相反)

英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 一、条件状语从句中的用法 简单记法: if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do

举例: If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注: 虚拟语气,条件状从倒装 状语从句中,去掉if, 提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world should come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外,without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及,publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed.

英语虚拟语气语法总结

虚拟语气语法总结 1. 虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式 倒装结构 1)Had you (=If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party. 2)Were I (=If I were) you, I would do more practice after class. 3)Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go. 2.虚拟条件句的特殊用法 A. 混合虚拟条件句 条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. (从句述说过去,主句述说现在。) If I were you, I wouldn’thavemissed the film last night. (从句述说现在,主句述说过去。) If I had had more self-confidence, I would become a teacher. (从句述说过去,主句述说现在。) If the rescue team hadn’t found him, he would be dead. (从句述说过去,主句述说现在。) If she didn’t love driving, she wouldn’t have become a driver.

(从句述说现在,主句述说已发生。) B. 含蓄虚拟条件句 虚拟条件通过下述词语引出的短语: 介词with, without, but for, if it had not been / if it were not for…etc 分词supposing动词suppose 并列连词or, otherwise, but, though, etc 例如: 1)I couldn’t have won the competition without your encouragement. 2)With your assistance (=If we had your assistance), we might finish the plan earlier 3)Butfor you advice, I wouldnotbe able to do this work. 4) Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened, otherwise he wouldn’thavemade such a stupid remark. C. 虚拟条件句中的表示结果的主句有时形式上可以省略,但意义上仍然存在。这种句子只保留一个 if (only)条件从句,表达说话人的强烈愿望。如: 1)If (only) she were my sister! 她要是我姐姐(就好了)! 2)If only he hadnotleft! 如果他没走(该多好啊)! (二)虚拟语气的几个句型 1.It is… that sb. (should)… 句型一:It is +形容词+that … 句型二:It is a +抽象名词+that … 句型三:It is +过去分词+that … A.常这样用的形容词有: appropriate 适当的advisable 适当的,合理的better 较好的 desirable 理想的essential 基本的,实质的imperative 迫切的 important 重要的insistent 坚持的necessary 必要的 natural 自然的strange 奇怪的unusual 不寻常的 urgent 紧迫的vital 极其重要的 B.常这样用的抽象名词有:pity, shame, no wonder C.常这样用的过去分词有:suggested, requested, required, proposed, desired, ordered, recommended

虚拟语气的用法归纳

虚拟语气的用法归纳 虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实,或难以实现的,甚至表达相反的概念。英语语法中应该如何正确使用虚拟语气呢?下面就让店铺来给你科普一下虚拟语气的用法。 虚拟语气的用法归纳 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种: (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如: If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩网球了。 (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如: If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。 (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如: If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会,你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如: I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。

英语虚拟语气的语法归纳

英语虚拟语气的语法归纳 虚拟语气是英语语法考试中的重点,那么你掌握了吗?下面是店铺为你整理的英语虚拟语气的语法的相关资料,希望大家喜欢! 英语虚拟语气的语法归纳 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 ④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。 ⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn't

英语虚拟语气的用法归纳

英语虚拟语气的用法归纳 英语虚拟语气是一种语法现象,用来表达与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议等与现实情况不符的情态。以下是英语虚拟语气的用法归纳: 1. 虚拟条件句: a. Type 1:表示可能实现的条件句,使用"if + 一般过去时",主句使用"would/ could/ should/ might + 动词原形"。 示例:If I had money, I would buy a car.(如果我有钱,我会买车。) b. Type 2:表示不可能实现的条件句,使用"if + 过去式",主句使用"would/ could/ should/ might + 动词原形"。 示例:If I were you, I would quit that job.(如果我是你,我会辞职。) c. Type 3:表示过去未实现的条件句,使用"if + 过去完成时",主句使用"would/ could/ should/ might + have + 过去分词"。 示例:If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.(如果我学得更努力,我就能通过考试。) 2. 虚拟表达愿望或建议: a. 表达愿望时,使用"wish + 主语 + 过去式"。 示例:I wish I were taller.(但实际上我不高。) b. 表达建议、要求或命令时,使用"would/ could/ might + 动词原形"。 示例:I suggest that you should study harder.(我

建议你应该学习更努力。) 3. 虚拟表达假设: a. 使用"as if/ though"引导的从句中,使用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。 示例:She acted as if she knew all the answers.(她表现得好像她知道所有的答案一样,但事实上她并不知道。) b. 使用"suppose/ supposing"引导的从句中,使用虚拟语气,表示假设。 示例:Suppose he doesn't come, what should we do?(假设他不来,我们该怎么办?) 需要注意的是,在某些情况下,英语中也有虚拟语气的省略形式,如在"I wish + 过去式"中,可以省略"that",直接使用"I wish"后接过去式。 以上是英语虚拟语气的主要用法归纳。根据具体语境和句子结构的不同,虚拟语气的使用可能会有一些变化。

英语虚拟语气语法总结

英语虚拟语气语法总结 虚拟语气常常使学习英语的人感到困惑。它需要我们以想象的方式 来表达一种与事实不符的情况或假设。在这篇文章中,我们将对英语 虚拟语气进行总结并提供一些实用的例子。 一、虚拟语气的形式和用法 虚拟语气的形式主要有: 1. 过去式虚拟:用于表示与现在事实相反的情况。例如:"If I were rich, I would buy a yacht."(如果我富有,我会买一艘游艇。) 2. 过去完成式虚拟:用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。例如:"If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam."(如果她学得更 努力,她本来会通过考试的。) 3. 条件句中的虚拟语气:用于表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况。 例如:"If I had more time, I would go on a vacation."(如果我有更多时间,我会去度假。) 4. 愿望虚拟语气:用于表示对目前或过去情况的希望、期待。例如:"I wish I were taller."(但事实是我并不高。) 二、虚拟语气的用法详解 1. 表示虚拟条件的句子 虚拟条件句常常由“if”引导,其中包含一个假设性的陈述。在这种 情况下,我们使用过去时态来表示与现在事实相反的情况。例如:"If I

were you, I would apologize."(如果我是你,我会道歉。)这里的“were”是过去式虚拟的一种形式,用来表示与现实情况不符的假设。 2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 过去完成式虚拟经常出现在假设条件中。例如:"If she had told him the truth, he wouldn't have been angry."(如果她告诉了他真相,他不会 生气。)这里的句子使用了过去完成时态来表示与过去事实相反的情况。 3. 表示对现在或将来情况的假设 当我们表达对现在或将来情况的虚拟时,我们使用条件句来构造虚拟语气。例如:"If I had more money, I would buy a new car."(如果我有更多的钱,我会买一辆新车。)这个句子使用了过去完成虚拟来表达 与现实相反的假设情况。 4. 表达愿望和建议 虚拟语气还可以用于表达愿望和建议。例如:"I wish he were here."(我希望他在这里。)在这种情况下,我们使用过去式虚拟来表示与 现实相反的愿望。 三、注意事项和常见错误 虚拟语气的使用需要一定的注意事项,以避免常见错误。以下是一些常见的错误和解决方法:

虚拟语气语法总结

虚拟语气语法总结 虚拟语气是一种在句子中表示假设、愿望、推测、建议、命令等语气的语法结构。它在很多语言中都存在,在英语中尤为常见。虚拟语气有时可以用来表示与实际情况相反的假设,有时则用来表示无法实现的愿望或推测。在英语中,虚拟语气分为三种形式:过去虚拟语气、现在虚拟语气和将来虚拟语气。在本篇总结中,我们将详细介绍这三种虚拟语气的用法和结构。 一、过去虚拟语气 过去虚拟语气用来表示与现实情况相反或与过去事实不符的假设。它的主要结构是“had + 过去分词”,常用于if条件从句或wish从句中。 1. 用于if条件从句: 如果我有时间,我就会去看电影。 If I had time, I would go to see a movie. 假如你帮我,我就会更快地完成工作。 If you helped me, I would finish the work faster. 2. 用于wish从句: 我希望你住得近一点,这样我们就可以经常见面了。 I wish you lived closer so that we could see each other more often. 她希望她昨晚去了宴会。

She wishes she had gone to the party last night. 二、现在虚拟语气 现在虚拟语气用来表示与现实情况相反或不太可能实现的愿望、建议、要求等。它的主要结构是“should + 动词原形”或“were + to + 动词原形”。 1. 用于虚拟的愿望: 如果我是你,我会马上辞职。 If I were you, I would quit my job immediately.(“were”表示与现实情况相反的假设) 我希望你明白我的意思。 I wish you understood what I mean.(“understood”表示与现实情 况不符的愿望) 2. 用于虚拟的建议和要求: 你应该尽早去看医生。 You should go to see the doctor as soon as possible.(“should”表 示建议) 我要求你为你的行为向他道歉。 I demand that you apologize to him for your behavior.(“demand” 表示要求)

关于英语虚拟语气的用法总结

关于英语虚拟语气的用法总结 英语虚拟语气的用法总结1 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况: 从句:主语+过去时 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句:主语+had+done 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg: 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她. (事实:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了. (事实:没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测

从句:主句 ①if+主语+were to do :①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈.(事实:来的可能性很小) 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了.(事实:不知能否下雪) 3.If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末. 英语虚拟语气的用法总结2 第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对其中一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和一些感叹句。如:

英语语法虚拟语气整理

虚拟语气 虚拟语气用来表示假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实, 或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈 使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实,或难以实现的,甚至表 达相反的概念。另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时,也用虚拟语气。 条件状语 1、表示与事实相反的情况 从句: If+主语 +过去时 (Be 动词用 were) 主句:主语 + should/would/might/could+do : If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句: If+主语 +had+done 主句:主语 +should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句:① if+主语 +were to do ( if 表示未来的虚拟语气独有形式,其他如 wish , even if 等词 都没有该形式来表示未来的虚拟语气) ② if+主语 +should+do ③i f+主语 +过去式( be 动词用 were) 主句:主语 +should/ would/might/could+do If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能) If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰。(事实:下雪可能性很小,不可能) 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的 形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us,we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们就已经派他去北京了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had 时, if 可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装

英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实;不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况;表达一种愿望、建议、假设.. 一、条件状语从句中的用法 简单记法: if were/did; would do if had done; would have done if were to do/should do; would do 举例: If I were you; I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice; you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.

If it were to/ should rain tomorrow表示降水率很低;the y wouldn’t go shopping. 附注: 虚拟语气;条件状从倒装 状语从句中;去掉if; 提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you; I would give up. →Were I you; I would give up If you had taken the advice; you would have…. →Had you taken the advice; you would have… If the world should come to an end;…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外;without; but for; otherwise构成的条件状语从句中;也有含蓄的虚拟语气 But for the popularization of electricity; we would lead a whole different life today. popularization 普及;publicity 宣传 Without your help; I would have failed. We’ll go earlier; otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.表示可能性小 但其实;高中英语考试也常考: 错综虚拟语气条件句 即:假设条件状从发生的时间与所假设的谓语动词不一致;此时;主句和

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气用法总结 如果从语气的角度进行分类,英语的所有句子可分为三种: 陈述语气、祈使语气以及虚拟语气。 不论什么时候,我们说话都是带着个人情感的,有时候我们只是客观地陈述事实,从语法角度研究,就是陈述语气: The Earth travels around the Sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 He has been working in the company for twenty years. 他在公司干了二十年了。 Most Chinese parents push their children too hard. 大多数中国父母把孩子逼的太狠了。 有时候,我们向对方发出请求、警告,建议或命令,可以用祈使语气: Please turn off the TV. 请把电视关了。 Don't smoke in the office. 不要在办公室抽烟。 Stop complaining, will you? 别怨天尤人的,好吗? Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand? 请帮个忙好吗? 那么,我们什么时候会用虚拟语气? 首先,请牢记,虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的变化表达的: If I were you, I would not believe his story. 如果我是你,我不会相信他的故事。 一、表示说话人的主观愿望: 1,wish表示愿望,有三种情况: 1)表达对未来的期望,不管可不可能,宾语从句的谓语用would/could+动词原形: I wish you could join us tomorrow. 我希望你明天能加入我们。 I just wish I could go home. 我只希望我能回家。 I wish there would be no famine any more in the world. 我希望世界上不再有饥荒。 2)表达与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时: She wishes she had a little brother. 她希望她有一个弟弟。 I wish we were living in the countryside. 我希望我们住在乡下。 They wished it were/was summer. 他们希望是夏天。

虚拟语气语法总结

虚拟语气 在英语文法中有三种语气,即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood),其中前两种我们早已熟悉了,这里则不多谈了,如: How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气,而Hurry up! Don't hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望,一种与事实相反的情况,或者将不可能实现的,或可能性很小的事实,假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式,即与现在事实相反的假设,与过去事实相反的假设,与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表8-7。 虚拟语气的构成 虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表

1 语法辨析 Incorrect: If I was a girl, I would marry you Correct: If I were a girl, I would marry you 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时,if条件句中的be动词一律用were,这句话应译为我要是个女孩,我就嫁给你。实际上不可能是个女孩。 Incorrect: If I were you I will not worry Correct: If I were you I shouldn't worry 现在时的虚拟语气主句要用should 或would 加动词原形,这句话应译为我要是你的话,就没有必要烦恼。要注意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得婉转些,有礼貌些。 Incorrect: God forgives you! Correct: God forgive you! 这里的主语 God 是第三人称单数,之所以动词不加 s 是因为要表达一种祝愿,即人力所不能及的事情,实际上是 forgive前有一助动词should, May 等,但在口语中将其省略了。如: May you be happy 祝你幸福。 Incorrect: If the weather was nice yesterday, we would have gone to the zoo Correct: If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gone to the zoo 因句中有 yesterday 一词即表示的是与过去相反的事实,即昨天天气很不好,我们也未去动物园,所以 if 条件句应用 had+过去分词。

虚拟语气英语语法知识点汇总

虚拟语气英语语法知识点汇总 教书育人楷模,更好地指导自己的学习,让自己不断成长。让我们一起一起学习吧!以下是我为大家编辑的英语基础语法〔文章〕,欢迎大家阅读! 1) 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不愿定是事实,或与事实相反。 2) 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的状况,故接受虚拟语气。 16.1 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的状况可能发生,其中if 是假如的意思。 时态关系 句型:条件从句主句 一般如今时shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般如今时。 留意: 1) 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般如今时的动词形式。 16.2 非真实条件句 1)时态:可以表示过去,如今和将来的状况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a.同如今事实相反的假设。 句型:条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型:条件从句主句 过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义:He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c.表示对将来的假想

英语语法总结:虚拟语气

英语语法总结:虚拟语气 虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望,与事实相反的假设,通常分为基本的三种形式。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟: If + did / were + ..., ... would/ should/ could/ might + do (动词原形)If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.) If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.) 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟: If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ... If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you. (I didn't know your telephone number.) If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her. (You didn't come here earlier.) 3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟: (1) If + should + v., ... would + v. (可能性很小)(译作“万一”) If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home. If I should fail, what should Ido?

英语虚拟语气的语法归纳(优秀4篇)

英语虚拟语气的语法归纳(优秀4篇) (经典版) 编制人:__________________ 审核人:__________________ 审批人:__________________ 编制单位:__________________ 编制时间:____年____月____日 序言 下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢! 并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如工作资料、求职资料、报告大全、方案大全、合同协议、条据文书、教学资料、教案设计、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注! Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you! In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic model essays, such as work materials, job search materials, report encyclopedia, scheme encyclopedia, contract agreements, documents, teaching materials, teaching plan design, composition encyclopedia, other model essays, etc. if you want to understand different model essay formats and writing methods, please pay attention! 英语虚拟语气的语法归纳(优秀4篇) 虚拟语气是英语语法考试中的重点,那么你掌握了吗?这次帅气的本店铺为您整理了英语虚拟语气的语法归纳(优秀4篇),希望能够给予您一些参考与帮助。 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法篇一 (一)形式注: 1、在从句中,be动词多用were的形式。在口语中,如果主语

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档