语法讲解
——虚拟语气
英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.
If I were you, I would work hard.
2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.
If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.
3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：
①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况
(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)
If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)
（2）省略if的虚拟语气
如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?
If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over. (3) 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.
But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.
He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.
(4) 在if it were( had been )not for ….句型中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气也常用于‘if it were/(had been) not for ….’句型中，意为‘要不是由于…’。
If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.
If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.
二．虚拟语气用在名词性从句中
1.主语从句中的虚拟语气
这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。
∙常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.
∙常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.
常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.
It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities. It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.
It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.
2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
①wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形Iwish it were spring all year round.
I wish it would be fine tomorrow.
She wished she had stayed at home.
②在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request. The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.
P.S. 当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.
3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.
He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.
His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits. 三．虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用
1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：
主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）
主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）
主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）
He talks as if he knew all about it.
She speaks English well as if he had studied in America. He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.
2.在it is (high) time that …句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。
It is time that we went home.
P.S.此句型中，注意与‘It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。
This is the first time that I have been here.
3.would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。
Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）
I’d rather he didn’t go now.
I’d rather you hadn’t done it.
4. if only后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。
5. 动词hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为‘本想，本打算，本认为’
He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained. （他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）
虚拟语气练习题精选
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
A. must finish
B. would be finished
C. be finished
D. must be finished
2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.
A. leave; for
B. leave; to
C. left; to
D. to be left; for
3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. had been
B. has been
C. was
D. has gone
4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set
B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set
D. had done; must be set
5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
A. can; it
B. /; /
C. would; it
D. may; /
6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
A. for; to
B. that; be
C. which; should
be D. to; being
7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.
A. would be sent
B. should send
C. be sent
D. must be sent
8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect
B. should protect
C. shall
protect D. are protecting
9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. are
B. were
C. would be
D. would have been
10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be
B. Should there be
C. There will be
D. There should be
11. _____ today, he _would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave
D. If he leave
12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved
B. would have been saved
C. will be saved
D. had been saved
13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. would
B. should have
C.
may D. have
14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am
B. I would be
C. I was
D. I were
15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend
B. would have lent
C. could lend
D. may have lent
16. A few minutes earlier and we ____ the rain.
A. have caught
B. had caught
C. could have
caught D. were to catch
17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”
--- “No, but I wish I _____”
A. have
B. will
C. do
D. had
18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed
B. I’d fail
C. I’d have failed
D. I’ll have failed
19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?” --- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding
B. I’ll decide
C. I
decided D. I decide
20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow
B. would snow
C.
snow D. will snow
21.09安徽But for their help, we ______ the program in time.
A . can not finish. B. will not finish C. hand not finished D. could not have finished
22.09江苏He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently.
A . could express. B.. would express. C. could have expressed. D. must have expressed.
23. 09浙江. The doctor recommended that you ____ swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn’t.
B. couldn’t.
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
24.09福建. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A . would not win. B. would not won. C. would win. D. would have won.
25.09重庆. ----Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
----She ____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
A. shall be.
B. should have been.
C. must be.
D. might have been.
虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed! 祝您成功! I．状语从句中的虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法： 1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + …… 主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ …… If I were you, I would go with him. If the weather were fine, I would go there. If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. 2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ had +动词的过去分词+ …… 主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +动词的过去分词+…… If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake. 如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。 If it hadn’t been for your help, I shouldn’t have finished this work on time. 要是没有你们的帮忙，我就不会按时完成了这项工作。（事实上你们帮助了我） If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school. 我要是你们校长的话，就把你开除学籍了。（事实上我不是） If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them. 3. 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ should (were to) + 动词原形/ 动词的过去式+…… 主句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+…… If I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way. 要是我来解这道难题，我会用另外一种方法的。 If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雨的话，我将待在家里。 If he came tomorrow, I would do it with him. 如果明天他来的话，我将和他一起做此事。 If she should come to see you, tell her to wait for me. If you should meet Jane, give her my regards. 4. 混合条件句----主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气 有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, we shouldn’t dare to do the experiment next week。If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
虚拟语气语法讲解 虚拟语气 英语句子中谓语动词的语气有三种： 1. 直陈语气（The Indiative d）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态： He has published quite a nuber f essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论。 2. 祈使语气（The Iperative d） 祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等： ait utside until yu are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。 Lets ust take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？ 3. 虚拟语气（The Subuntive d） 虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。例如： I wish yu were re areful .但愿你更细心一些。 If I had re ney, I wuld buy a bigger apartent.
我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。 uld yu ind shutting the dr ? 劳驾您把门关上。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法 1. 表示一种与过去事实相反的假设情况，条件从句中的谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+have+过去分词”。如： If yu had e here yesterday, yu wuld have seen hi. 如果你昨天到这里，你就会看见他了。 2. 表示一种与目前事实相反的假设情况，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式(be动词常用were)，而主句中的谓语动词则要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+动词原形”。如： If I had his telephne nuber, I wuld all hi nw. 如果我有他的电话号码，我现在就打电话给他。 If I were yu, I wuld nt tell hi that. 如果我是你，我就不把那件事告诉他。 3. 表示与将的事实可能相反的假设情况时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用：1) shuld+动词原形，或2) 一般过去式，或3) were+不定式，主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld+动词原形“。如： If it snwed trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it were t snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it shuld snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. 如果明天下雪，许多庄稼都会冻死。 4. 有时候，条件和结果不是指同一个时间，这时，应根据上面谈到的几种情况，使用相应的形式，这种虚拟语气
虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类。另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。 虚拟语气有哪些用法 1.虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。 2.与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式，主句谓语用should（would,could,might）+动词原形。 3.与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用should （would,could,might）+have+过去分词。 4.与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用should （would,could,might）+动词原形。 虚拟语气语法知识 英语中的各种语气： 1，陈述语气：I like apples 我喜欢苹果。（肯定） I don't like apples我不喜欢苹果（否定） 2，疑问语气：What's your name？你叫什么名字？ Do you like apples?你喜欢苹果？ 3，祈使语气：Open the door 打开门 3，虚拟语气：If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你，我将会原谅她。 虚拟语气结构讲解： 1，与现在的事实相反：从句用过去式，主句用would/could/might/should/+动词原形 例如；If I had time ，the classroom would be so clean 如果我有时间，教室将会更加干净。 2，与过去的事实相反：主句用would/could/should/might/+have+ done , 从句中过去完成时 例如；If I had finished my homework ，I would have passed that test
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句.如： ① There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ② Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③ How good a teacher she is！她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ① Never be late again！再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: ① If I were a bird，I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ② I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③ May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话 中。如： ⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形"表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）.如: ⑴ May good luck be yours！祝你好运！ ⑵ May you be happy！祝你快乐！ ⑶ May you do even better！祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷ May you have a good time。祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久. ⑹ May you be happy。祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如: ⑴ Long live the people！人民万岁！ ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest。牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶ Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴ God save me. ⑵ Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1。命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称（you）,而且通常省略主语（也就是you）. 2. 句子尾通常加上感叹号。 3。虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present），如：work, be ， go. 4. 否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do加上not。
虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气的含义 英语中有下列三种语气： 陈述语气：用来陈述事实。用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句。 祈使语气：提出请求、劝告、指示、命令等。仅用于祈使句。 虚拟语气：常表示说话人所说的不是事实，或事情发生的可能性很小，或不可能发生，是说话人的一种主观愿望、假设、建议、或推测等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。 二、虚拟语气在if 引导的非真实条件中的用法： 主要用法列表如下： 如： If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. (现在) If I had time, I would attend the meeting. (现在) If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. (将来) II. 易错点分析 １、倒装条件句 如果条件句中有were, had, 或should 等现成助动词，可把他们提到主语之前，省去if。Had I had time, I would have helped you. Should it clear up tomorrow, we would go for on outing. Were I you, I would accept the invitation. 注意：若省略if的条件句中的谓语是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略式．如不能说：Weren’t it for the expense, I would go abroad now. 应该说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 2、错综时间条件句（混合时间句）： 主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，这时要根据各自的时间来调整。 If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you won’t be all right now. (比较：If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would have been all right then.) If I should not take the exam tomorrow, I would go to the concert now. If you had studied had before, you would be a college student now. 考考你： ---- I have great difficulty working out this problem.
虚拟语气讲解 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。 一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情态动词could, might等代替。 1. 表示与现在事实相反： 1) If he had (have) time, he would attend (atend) the meeting. 2) If I were (be) you, I should study (study) English. 2. 表示与过去事实相反： If you had come (come) yesterday, you would have met (meet) him. 3. 表示与将来事实相反： 1) If it were to / should rain (rain) tomorrow, the meeting would be put (put) off. 2) If you came (come) tomorrow, we would have (have) the meeting. [注意]： 1、省略if的情况 如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词时，可省略if, 把从句中的were, had或should 提到其主语之前形成倒装结构。 1) 要是我是你我就会放弃。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. 2) 要是他们没有帮助我们的话，我们使肯定不会成功的。 If they hadn’t helped us, we would not have succeeded. Had they not helped us, we would not have succeeded. 3) 要是明天下雨的话，我就呆在家里。 If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 4) 要是明天下雨的话，会议将被取消。 If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. Were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 2、错综时间条件句 从句与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，要根据实际情况调整。
语法讲解 ——虚拟语气 英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。 1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。 If we had time now, we would read it again. If I were you, I would work hard. 2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test. If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you. 3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句： ①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况
(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在) If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去) （2）省略if的虚拟语气 如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。 If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do? If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over. (3) 含蓄虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.
（完整版）虚拟语气讲解及练习题（含答案和解释） 虚拟语气讲解与练习 黄志刚2013.10. 一. 简介 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的 特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气 在什么情况下用虚拟语气? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当 一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 二. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真：eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚 拟语气） 非真：eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句） 2、用法及动词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or
虚拟语气讲解 多数中国人对虚拟语气的理解是：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，是假设的，虚构的，与事实相反的，或者是不太可能的。这种理解固然是对的，但并不全面。在英语中，虚拟语气是个广义的概念，包括好几种句型和结构。假设，意愿等只是虚拟语气的两个方面。 英汉两种语言表达虚拟语气的方式差异： 而在英语中，虚拟语气是通过句子中谓语动词的特殊形式来表示的。这又一次证明动词在英语中的核心地位，又一次证明要学好英语语法，就要学好英语动词。由于虚拟语气是通过句子中谓语动词的特殊形式来表示的，因此，掌握虚拟语气中所使用的各种谓语动词形式变化是掌握虚拟语气的关键，这也是虚拟语气的难点。虚拟语气本身也是英语语法的一个难点。 学习虚拟语气的方法是分别弄通虚拟语气的各种句型和结构，各个击破。下面对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法分别介绍。 （一）虚拟语气用于表示假设的条件状语从句，状语从句相当于
汉语的“假如…”“要是…”等。 请看一个句子： If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party. 如果她明天邀请我参加聚会，我就去。 这是个带条件从句的主从复合句，是直接的陈述语气，主句谓语动词用将来时，从句谓语动词用现在时代替将来时，表示能实现的动作。这句话说明说话人认为邀请的可能性较大。此句的条件是“只要她邀请我”，“去”这一动作就能实现。 请把这句话与下面虚拟语气的带条件从句的主从复合句进行比较： 1）If she invited me, I should go to the party. 假如她邀请我参加聚会，我就去。（说话人认为邀请的可能性较小或不可能。） 这句话主句谓语动词用过去将来时，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，其含义是： She will probably not invite me, so I shall not go to the party. 她很可能不会邀请我参加聚会，所以我不会去。2）If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party. 假如她昨天邀请我参加聚会，我就去了。 这句话主句谓语动词用“should ＋ have + 过去分词”形式，从句用过去完成时，对过去发生的事情进行虚拟假设，表示与过
虚拟语气 语气和时态、语态一样，是动词的一种形式，表明说话的目的和意图。英语中有四种语气:陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 陈述语气：表示谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观事实的，也就是把动作或者状态当做事实表达出来或者提出一种看法。 疑问语气:用来提出问题或询问情况的语气。 祈使语气：用来向对方提出请求、邀请，给予忠告、指示、警告、命令等的语气。祈使句中的主语You一般省略，动词也用原型表示. 虚拟语气：把动作当做一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”,而不是当作客观事实中的真实事件。它表达的通常是怀疑、忧虑、推测、想象或祝愿。 这里主要讲解虚拟语气的一般语法特征和难点. 一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 条件句分为两种：一种是可能实现的，一种是无法实现的，可能实现的条件句叫真实条件句，不能实践的就是虚拟条件句。 1. 真实条件句:这种条件句实现的可能性非常大。这类条件句常用if， unless, once, as long as等引导。Eg。 If you have any doubts about our plan， I’ll stop it. 如果你对我们的计划有怀疑，我会立刻终止它。 The secretary will get a pay raise as long as she does her job well. 这个秘书会得到加薪，只要她好好工作。 2. 虚拟条件句：往往指不能实现的或者纯假设的情况，可以对过去、现在或者将来的情况进行假象。在这三种情况中，主句和从句中的动词也有不同的形式. A. 与现在情况相反：表示对当前不可能实现的情况的假想，此时从句用一般过去式（did sth./ were。.。)，主句用过去将来式（would/ shoud/ could/ might do sth.)： Eg. If I were you， I would choose to work in a small town. 如果我是你,我会选择在小镇工作。（我不可能是你) ＊条件句的虚拟语气中的be动词无论单复数都用“were”。 If I had a map now， we could easily get out of the forest。如果我有地图，我们就能轻易的走出森林了。 B。与过去事实相反:if从句用过去完成式( had done),主句则用过去将来完成式( would/ should/ could/ might have done sth。) If you had listened to me carefully, you would have known the answer to the question。如果你认真听我说话，就会知道问题的答案了。（实际情况是当时没有认真听） I should have caught the school bus if I had got up earlier。如果我今早起早点，就会赶上校车了。 C。与将来情况相反：条件从句谓语动词可用should do, were to do或动词过去式（但是意义略有不同。Should do表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do的可能性最小），主句常用过去将来式。Eg. If we should come tomorrow, we could meet the general manager。如果我们明天来,就能见到总经理。（暗示明天也许来不了） 以上三种情况，if从句和主句部分的时态可简单归总如下：
虚拟语气 ▲ 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将were, should, had 等词 置于句首。 例：Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。 ▲ if only 要是…就好了 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。 ▲ 在句中出现but for(if it were not for/ if it hadn ’t been for), without, otherwise, or else 等时，后面的虚拟语气形式参照上面表格中主句谓语动词形式，视句子涵义而定。 例：Without water and sunlight, all the creatures would die . I was quite busy at that time, otherwise I would have helped you. But for the doctor, I would still be lying in bed, suffering from liver failure. 三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
3．(1) advise，suggest, recommend,propose,demand, request,desire, urge,order, command,…+ that… (should) + 原形动词。 (2) It is suggested / requested / advised / ordered /…. that… (should) + 原形动词 例：It is suggested that we should set out at once。建议我们立即出发。 (3) advice, order, request, requirement, suggestion, 等充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从句及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气，即：(should) + 动词原形。例：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。 His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。 ▲insist , suggest后的宾语从句可用虚拟，也可不用。suggest表建议时要用虚拟，表暗示，表明则不用。 例：He insisted that he should be sent there.他坚持被派到那去。 He insisted that he was innocent. 坚持说自己是清白的。 4.It is important / strange / necessary / natural …that… 例：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。 It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。 四、定语从句中的虚拟语气 It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。如： 例：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
虚拟语气 一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 1.和现在的事实相反 从句：一般过去时（were/did）；主句：过去将来时（would do） E.g.：I am not free today. If I ______free today, I _____ (go)and visit some of my friends. 2.和过去的事实相反 从句：过去完成时（had done）；主句：过去完成时（would have done） E.g.：If my lawyer ___________(come)here last Saturday, he __________(keep) me from going. 3.和将来的事实相反 从句：①were to + 动词原形②should +动词原形③动词过去式； 主句should/would/could/might +动词原形 E.g.：If I were to see Tom, what _______ you ________ (ask)me to tell him? 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反: wish + (that)+ did(were) E.g.：I wish I were as healthy as you. E.g.：I wish that I had a plane. 2)与过去事实相反: wish + (that)+ had done E.g.：I wish I had been to the concert last night. E.g.：I wish you had written to him. 3)与将来事实相反: wish + would/could/might + do E.g.：I wish he would forgive me. 2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”能够省略。一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 四项要求demand, request, require, ask; 另外有:prefer、recommend 注意: suggest表“暗示说明”时insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气 E.g.：He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. E.g.：The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once. *His face suggested that he had been punished by the teacher. 三、主语从句中的虚拟语气 1.It be+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+… 过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed E.g.: It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. E.g.: It’s suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary 2. It be+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+… 形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better,proper, funny, strange, surprising… E.g.: It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now. E.g.: It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient. 3. It be+名词（a pity/a shame/ no wonder）that…+ (shou ld)+动词原形+…(表示惊异、懊悔、失望等情感) It is a regret that he (should) miss this golden chance. 四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
语法讲座之虚拟语气 基本概念 基本概念 一．语气的定义和种类。 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 a. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ b. 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 Dont forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 c. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed!祝您成功！ 二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。 条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：If time permits, well go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：
虚拟语气 虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood) 这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测 试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不 是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 : 1.与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式 (be 通常用 were) ， 主句谓语用“ should (would, could, might)+ 动词原形” ： If you took a taxi ，you ’ d get there quicker.如果你坐出租车去，你可以 快一点到那里。 ( 但你不坐 ) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我 就可以给她打电话了。 (可惜我不知道 ) 2.与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+ 过去分词)，主句谓语用“ should (would, could, might)+have+ 过去分词” ：If I ’ d left sooner，I ’ d have been on time要.是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了 ) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时 早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) 3.与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式 (be 通常用 were) ，主句谓语用“ should (would, could, might)+ 动词原形” ： If he went ，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗 ?(大概他不会去 ) If I asked him ，I ’m sure he ’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。 (不过我不打算这样做 ) 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和 后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now. 这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。 2.除了表示虚假条件外， if 从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还 没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情 发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if 从句来表示对
虚拟语气讲解与练习 黄志刚2013.10. 一. 简介 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气 在什么情况下用虚拟语气? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 二. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真：eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)〔不是虚拟语气〕If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。〔真实条件状语〕〔不是虚拟语气〕 非真：eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。〔非真实条件状语从句〕If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。〔非真实条件状语从句〕 2、用法与动词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。〔事实：我不可能是你〕 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。〔事实：不知道〕3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。〔事实：没带钱〕 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。〔事实：没有努力 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 例：1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。〔事实：去晚了〕 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。〔事实：没有听我的话〕 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测例： 1.If he should e here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。〔事实：来的可能性很小〕 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。〔事实：不知能否下雪〕3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，"should＋动词原形"构成，should 可省略。