虚拟语气的用法
一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形
1.表示祝愿a. Long live our country. b. May you succeed. c. May you be happy all your life.
2.表示命令a. Everybody leave the room.
二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为“真实条件句”)
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形(should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)
a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.
b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.
c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.
d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.
e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done 形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done 的形式 a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.
b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.
c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完
全动词过去式(be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形;
③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有“出乎意料之外”之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形 a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.
b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.
d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.
三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:
1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should 放在句首 a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.
b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.
2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望
a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).
b.
I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).
c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)
d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!
3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间
a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.
b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.
4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句
a. What would you do with a million dollars?
b. Without/But for music, the world would be a dull place.
c. We could have done better with more money.
d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.
e. He must have been very busy, or he could not have won the game.
f. I’m really very busy, otherwise, I would certainly take you to visit the zoo.
四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:
1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式
a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.
b. She looked as if she were ill.
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式
a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.
**as if 从句也可表示真实情况，谓语动词用陈述语气 a. It looks as if it is going to rain.
五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:
在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同
a. Even if I were rich, I would work.
六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:
如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型“It is / was + adj. + that从句”中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况
a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.
b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.
c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.
七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:
1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气
①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望
a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.
b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.
c. I wish I could help you.
d. I wish I were young.
②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望
a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.
b. I wish you
I had met him yesterday.
③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变
a. I wish the prices would come down.
b. I wish you would help me.
c. I wish he would be more careful.
d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.
2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), propose, demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用“( should )+动词原形”的虚拟语气形式
a. I suggested that we should go there at once.
b. I demand that he should answer me at once.
c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.
d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.
与名词suggestion建议/ advice 建议/ demand要求/
request要求/ order命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句等)中的谓语也用“( should ) +动词原形”
a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.
b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.
c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.
d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.
e. What do you think of their proposal that we should all speak English at the meeting?
f. It is requested that she should sing a song at the birthday party.
**注意，含上述动词的简单句不用虚拟语气
a. The officer ordered his men to start before daybreak.
b. The salesman suggested us /our trying another shop.
**注意，suggest解释“表明、暗示”、insist解释“坚持说、硬要说”，则不用虚拟。
a. T he man’s expression suggested that he was very sad. `
b. Tony suggested that he had not broken the vase.
八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is (high) time that…(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式
a. It is time we got up.
九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示“但愿…”, “要是…就好了”, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同
a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)
b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)
c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)
十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式
a. I would rather he came next Saturday.
b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.
c. I would rather that he painted the house blue.
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 （1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： 2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如： busy． （3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： （4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： 2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： 3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： 4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴God save me. ⑵Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
英语虚拟语气用法总结 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：主语+过去时 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实：我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实：不知道) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她. (事实：去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实：没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句：主句 ①if+主语+were to do ：①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示非真实的假设，或者用来表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望。 一、非真实条件中的虚拟语气 非真实条件就是违背事实情况的假设，包括违背现在事实的假设，违背过去事实的假设，以及将来不可能发生或虽有可能发生但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。最后这一种假设简称为违背将来的假设。在这三种情况下，条件从句和主句中的谓语动词采取下列虚拟形式。 虚拟语气中主句中的第一人称用should，第二、三人称用would。但在美国英语中，第一人称也可用would。此外，主句中也可用情态动词could或might代替should或would。在条件句中，如果动词是be，在违背现在的事实时，各个人称均用were。但在非正式文体中，特别是在口语中，第一、三人称单数用was的时候也不少。在违背将来事实的条件从句中，"should ＋动词原形"及"were ＋不定式"两种谓语动词形式适用于所有的人称。 1．违背现在事实的假设 If the earth had no gravity，the moon would fly to the sun．假如地球没有引力，月球就要向太阳飞去。 If I were you ，I would reconsider their proposal．我要是你，就重新考虑他们的建议。 2．违背过去事实的假设 If I had left a little earlier，I would have caught the train．我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。 If she hadn't taken your advice，she would have made a serious mistake．她要不是听了你的劝告，就犯大错误了。 3．可能违背将来事实的假设 这里指的是将来不大可能发生的假设，或者虽有可能发生，但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。这种假设相当于汉语中常用的"万一"，"居然"，"竟然"等含义。例如： If he should fail，we would encourage him to try again．万一他失败，我们就鼓励他再试一次。 If I were to do it ，I would do it in a different way．要是我来做这件事，我会采用另一种做法。 4．介词短语表示的假设条件 有时不用if引导条件从句，而用介词短语表示违背事实的假设条件，这时句中谓语动词仍用虚拟语气形式。例如： Without air，there would be no wind or clouds．没有空气就不会有风，也不会有云。
虚拟语气的用法小结 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语的特殊形式来表示，下面对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法分别介绍。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 一）、表示与现在、过去和将来的事实相反，主句和从句的动词变化规则见下表： 例如： If I were you, I would go at once. ( 与现在事实相反) If it should rain\were to rain\rained tomorrow, we would not go camping. ( 与将来事实相反) If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam. ( 与过去事实相反) If it were not for the rain, the crops would\should die. (与现在事实相反) 注意：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整。如：If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. 二）、有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现If引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句，称为“含蓄条件句”。 1、用介词短语代替条件句。常用介词有with, without, but for等。如： We couldn’t have succeeded without your help (= If we hadn’t got your help). But for the rain (= If it hadn’t been for the rain), we would have finished
虚拟语气 一、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气 1. should +动词原形（有时省略should） （1）用在动词如advise, request, require, suggest, urge,demand, desire,command, insist, order, propose, recommend, 等后的宾语从句中。 例如： 1）They requested that we (should) send a invitation to their school. 2）He urged that he acquaint and apply the methods. 2.用在it is suggested,it has been decided, it is desired, it was proposed,it is required, it was ordered, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。 例如： 1）It is required that we (should) get everything done by tomorrow night. 2）It is imperative that the teachers (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject they teach. 3.用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句和同位语从句 例如：She drives her vessel carefully lest she should lost her way. 4．用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中 例如：He laughed as if he had never been happier before. 5．用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中 例如：It is high time you stop bitting your child. 6．用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中 例1：I wish I were as tall as you. 例2：He insisted that we (should) catch up the first bus in the morning. 7．用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中
虚拟语气的用法 一、虚拟语气条件从句 （一）与现在事实不相符合，主句动词would / should+动词原形，从句动词一般过去时（be可采用were形式），如： 1. If I were you, I would phone the police. 如果我是你，我会打电话给警察的。 2. Would he pay all of us if he had the money? 他有钱了会给我们吗？ 3. If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话，我们就不会待在屋里。 （二）与过去事实不相符合，主句动词would / should have+过去分词，从句动词为过去完成时，如： 1. I would have died if they had given up searching. 如果他们放弃搜索，我会没命的。 2. If we had left a little later, we should have missed the train. 我们再晚点儿就赶不上火车了。 3. The shot woul d have killed me if I hadn’t had my mobile phone. 若不是有了移动电话，那颗子弹可能就击中了我。 4. If a better material had been used, the strength of the part would have been increased. 如果用了更好的材料，这个部分的力量就增加了 5. Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk. 假如天气很好，孩子们都会出去散步。（省略连接词if，从句使用部分倒装语序。）（三）与将来事实不相符合，主句动词would / should + 动词原形，从句动词should + v，或者动词过去式，或者were to + v，如： 1. If it were fine tomorrow, I should go to see my sister. 明天天好我就去看姐 2. If he should go there tomorrow, she would meet him. 假如他明天去那里，她就会见到他 3. If it were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing. 如果明天下雪，我就去滑雪。 4. If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. 要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。 （四）主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反，主句谓语would / should + v, 从句谓语had + 过去分词；主句与将来事实相反，从句与过去事实相反，主句谓语would / should / were to do, 从句谓语had + 过去分词。如： 1. If you had taken the medicine last night, you would be much better now. 假你昨晚吃药，现在就会好得多。 2. I wouldn’t have missed the flight last night if I were you. 如果我是你，就不会错过那航班。 3. If you had had the car repaired yesterday, we were to go there this afternoon. 如果你昨天修理一下车，我们今天下午就会到达那里。 4. They would be back home tomorrow evening if they had booked the tickets in advance. 如果他们提前订了车票，明晚就回到家。 （五）As if，as though，even if虚拟语气： 1. He looked as if he were an artist. 他看起来像一个艺术家。
虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时。 在中的应用：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气 在什么情况下用虚拟语气 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时，用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。 [] 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句） 2、在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+did/be(were)+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功） 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
语气 虚拟语气的用法归纳 1、虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。 条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生： If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气) ▲与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If I knew her number ，I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) ▲与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”： If I’d left soone r，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) ▲与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 注：几点特别说明 ①主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：
虚拟语气的用法归纳 虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实，或难以实现的，甚至表达相反的概念。英语语法中应该如何正确使用虚拟语气呢?下面就让店铺来给你科普一下虚拟语气的用法。 虚拟语气的用法归纳 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种： (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如： If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。 (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。 (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如： I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。
虚拟语气的用法总结 虚拟语气是一种语法现象，常常用于表达非真实情况、假设情况、愿望意愿等。在英语中，虚拟语气有两种形式：过去虚拟语气和现在虚拟语气。下面是对虚拟语气的用法进行总结。 一、过去虚拟语气的用法： 1. 表达不可能实现的愿望、欲望或建议： If only + 主语 + 过去完成时（had + 过去分词） 例句：If only I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（要是我当初努力学习的话，我就能通过考试了。） 2. 表示对过去发生的事情的假设： If + 主语 + had + 过去分词, 主语 + would/could/might + 动词原 形 例句：If I had taken the bus, I would have arrived on time.（要是 我坐公共汽车的话，我本能准时到达。） 3. 表示对与现在事实相反的情况的假设： If + 主语 + 过去式, 主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形 例句：If I were you, I would apologize to her.（要是我是你的话，我会向她道歉。）
4. 表达对不可能实现的条件： If only + 过去式 例句：If only I had a million dollars.（要是我有一百万美元该 多好。） 二、现在虚拟语气的用法： 1. 表达建议、命令等正式用法： 表达建议：(should +动词原形/动词原形) 例句：It's important (that) you should take some rest.（你应该休 息一下，这很重要。） 表达命令：(应用“命令式”的虚拟形式) 例句：It's vital (that) he be here on time.（他必须准时到达，这 很重要。） 2. 表达愿望、要求、建议等陈述式的用法： It's time/It's high time + 过去式 例句：It's time you went to bed.（你该去睡觉了，时间到了。）
虚拟语气的基本用法归纳 今天我们从以下几个方面来掌握虚拟语气的基本用法。 一、虚拟语气的使用范围： 虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。 二、虚拟语气的判断： 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种： (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如：
If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。 (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。 (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如： If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气用法归纳 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 一、虚拟条件句 条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。 If you don 'work hard, you will fail. If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表： 1•与现在事实相反的虚拟 What would you do if you won the lottery? If I were you, I would seize the cha nee to go abroad. If I had a lot of money no w, I would travel around the world. 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟 If you had bee n here yesterday, you would have see n her. If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday. 3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟 If it were to rain/should rai n/rai ned tomorrow, our pla n would be put off. If we were to pic nic, we would not be able to help. 二、错综、混合虚拟语气 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 1. If I had see n you, I would not be so worried now.（从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的 假设） 2. If you had not watched televisi on so late last ni ght, you would not be so sleepy no w.（从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设） 3. Had you followed the doctor ' suggesti on, you would be fine no w.（从句是对过去的假设， 主句是对现在的假设） 4. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next mon th.（从句是对过
[虚拟语气] 虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。 1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。 1)表示与现在事实相反: If 主语+过去时,主语+should(could, would, 或might)+动词原形, If I were you,I should stay at home. If the peasants could farm the land themselves,food production would be much higher. If fewer cash crops were grown,more food could be produced and there would be less or no starvation. 2)表示与过去事实相反: If 主语+had+过去分词,主语+should(could, would, 或might)+have+过去分词,如: If you had come yesterday,you would have met him. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there would have been many deaths. 3)表示与将来事实相反:主语+should(could…)+ 原形 do If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting. If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. If it should rain,the crops would be saved. 4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If you had followed the doctor's advice,you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) 5)以上句型可以转换成下列形式:①从句省略if,用倒装句"were,had,should+主语"。例如: Were I in school again,I would work harder. Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him.
虚拟语气全部用法总结 虚拟语气是英语中的一种语气，用于表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等语境。在英语中，虚拟语气的用法非常广泛，下面我们来总结一下虚拟语气的全部用法。 1. 表达假设 虚拟语气可以用来表达假设，即表示某种情况或事件是假设的、不确定的或未实现的。例如： - If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。） - If I had more money, I would travel around the world.（如果我有更多的钱，我会环游世界。） 2. 表达愿望 虚拟语气还可以用来表达愿望，即表示某种情况或事件是希望实现的，但实际上并没有实现。例如： - I wish I could speak fluent English.（我希望我能说一口流利的英语。） - If only I had more time, I could finish this project.（要是我有更多的时间，我就能完成这个项目了。） 3. 表达建议
虚拟语气还可以用来表达建议，即表示某种情况或事件是建议的，但并不一定会实现。例如： - I suggest that you take a break and relax.（我建议你休息一下，放松一下。） - If I were you, I would go to the doctor and get a check-up.（如果我是你，我会去看医生做个检查。） 4. 表达命令 虚拟语气还可以用来表达命令，即表示某种情况或事件是命令的，但并不一定会被执行。例如： - I demand that you apologize to me right now.（我要求你立刻向我道歉。） - If I were your boss, I would fire you for being late.（如果我是你的老板，我会因为你迟到而解雇你。） 5. 表达虚拟条件 虚拟语气还可以用来表达虚拟条件，即表示某种情况或事件是虚构的、不存在的或不可能实现的。例如： - If I had wings, I could fly.（如果我有翅膀，我就能飞了。） - If I were a millionaire, I would buy a yacht.（如果我是百万富翁，