2011年考研英语一text2
Text 2: Working Harder vs. Working Smarter
In our society, there is a common belief that the key to success is hard work. We often hear phrases like "work hard and you will achieve your goals" or "there is no substitute for hard work." However, a growing body of research suggests that working smarter, not harder, may be the real secret to success.
One study conducted by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that working long hours does not necessarily lead to increased productivity. The researchers discovered that people who worked more than 55 hours a week actually had lower levels of productivity compared to those who worked fewer hours. This suggests that simply putting in more hours does not guarantee better results.
Another study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology found that employees who took regular breaks during the workday actually had higher levels of job satisfaction and performance. This supports the idea that taking time to rest and recharge can lead to increased efficiency and effectiveness when working. Additionally, working smarter means finding ways to accomplish tasks more efficiently. This can involve using technology to automate repetitive tasks, delegating responsibilities to others, or prioritizing tasks based on their importance and urgency. By adopting these strategies, individuals can save time and energy, allowing them to focus their efforts on more meaningful and challenging tasks.
Furthermore, working smarter also means finding a balance between work and personal life. It is important to set boundaries and prioritize self-care to avoid burnout and maintain a healthy work-life balance. Studies have shown that individuals who have a balanced lifestyle are more productive and satisfied with their work.
In conclusion, while hard work is certainly important, working smarter may be the key to achieving success. This involves finding ways to be more efficient and effective in our work, taking regular breaks to rest and recharge, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. By doing so, we can increase our productivity, job satisfaction, and overall success.
2011年考研英语(二)真题完整版 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points） The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？ Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation…s cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver…s license 10 by the government. Google and Microso ft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace，with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”。 Still，the administration…s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approac h；others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive?s license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.
2011年考研英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But ---_____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ____, a good laugh is unlikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. ____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ____, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter. muscles, Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow. Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz. 1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable 6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief 7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected 8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes 9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance 10．[A]physical [B]mentl [C]subconscious [D]internal 11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for 12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at 13．[A]unless [B]until C]if [D]because 14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses 15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond 16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold 17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent 18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted 19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing 20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 The decision of the New Y ork Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director
2011年考研英语 (一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版）2011-01-16七绝俗手 21-25 CBDBA 26-30 BDCAC 31-35 DCBAA 36-40 CDADB 41-45 BDACF Section II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.“Hooray! At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼托姆西尼就这样写： 万岁，最后。
2011年考研英语(一)真题完整版 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points） Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bo dily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary， laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels， ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__， a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way， say， walking or jogging does. __6__， instead of straining muscles to build them， as exercise does， laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__，studies dating back to the 1930‘s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles， decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway， the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback，that improve an individual‘s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion， our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears， evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips， which would produce a（n） __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown， ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ， the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining
2011年考研英语（一）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exer cise precious to health.” But ---_____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ____, a good laugh is unlikely to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. ____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ____, studies dat ing back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter. muscles, Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow. Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz. 1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable 6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief 7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected 8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes 9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance 10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal 11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for 12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at 13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because 14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses 15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond 16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold 17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent 18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted 19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing 20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely
2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解 Section I Use of English 1-5 CDBBA6-10 BADCA11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC 1.C 解析：语义逻辑题。第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是一些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响极小”，两句之间是转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。 2.D 解析：语义辨析题。上下文语境是“笑确实能短期的改变”。A. reflect“反映”，B. demand “要求”，C. indicate“表明，暗示”，D. produce“产生”，只有D 选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。 3.B 解析：语义搭配题。文中提到“笑能够心律呼吸速率。”A. stabilizing 意思是“安定，稳定”，B. boosting“促进，推进”，C. impairing“损害，削弱”，D. determining“决定”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。 4.B 解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难，一次狂笑不可能……”，四个选项的含义分别是 A. transmit “传播”，B. sustain“维持”，C. evaluate“评估”，D. observe“观察”，根据语境，只有B. sustain符合语境。 5.A解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生益处。”A. measurable“重大的，重要的”，B. manageable“易控制的”，C. affordable“负担得起的”，D. renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”搭配的只有A. measurable，故是正确答案。 6.B 解析：逻辑分析题。第二段第一句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了……作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系，A. In turn 意思是“轮流”，C. In addition是“另外”，D. In brief 意思是“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有B. In fact“事实上”符合上下文语境，是正确选项。 7.A解析：语义逻辑题。第二段第二句的意思是说“笑可以放松肌肉，在狂笑平息之后45分钟内会降低肌肉张力”，跟上文中的“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉”是相反的关系，所以A. opposite是正确选项。 8.D 解析：语义搭配题。空格前后面是“笑肌肉”，A. hardens“使变硬”，B. weakens“减少”， C. tightens“是变紧”， D. relaxes“放松”，因为上文提到了“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确实起到了相反的作用”。“拉紧”的反义词只有D. relaxes，故正确。 9.C 解析：语义搭配题。这句话的意思是“这样的身体放松可能会帮助心理紧张状态的影响。”A. aggravate“加剧，恶化”，B. generate“使形成，发生”，C. moderate“节制，减轻”，D. enhance“增加”，根据上下文语境，只能是“减轻心理压力”，故C是正确选项。 10.A解析：语义逻辑题。这句话的意思是“笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的反馈来提高个体的情绪状态。”其中提到“笑的行为”，它是一种身体上的行为，后面提到“其他反馈”，应该是和“笑”相呼应的，故正确选项是A。 11.B 解析：词义辨析题。根据已知信息推测，应该是“根据一个经典的情绪理论，……”A. Except for 表示“除了……”，它引出一个与前面的词相反的原因或者事例； B. According to“根据，按照”，表示依据，后面常跟表示理论、思想之类的词，是正确答案。C. Due to“由于，因为”后面跟一般原因， D. As for“至于，就……方面说”用以转换话题和表现态度，故排除。 12.C 解析：固定搭配题。be rooted in是固定词组表示“来源于……”be rooted跟其它选项不搭配使用，故排除。 13.D 解析：逻辑关系题。这句话的意思是“人们不会他们伤心而哭，但当开始流泪时他们才变得伤心。”伤心和哭之间是因果关系，所以答案应该是D. because。 14.C 解析：词义辨析/语义逻辑题。解题关键although。although表示假设，让步。由上文提到当人们流泪时才觉得伤心可知，伤心在流泪之后。这里要说另一种情况“伤心也会在流泪之前”而A. exhausts “使筋疲力尽；使疲惫不堪”，B. follows “跟随”C. precedes“先于，表示在……之前发生(或出现)”； D. suppresses“压制；阻止；抑制”，语义不符。 15.B 解析：词义辨析题。由已知信息可知原文要表达“证据显示情绪是肌肉反映的结果”A. into“进
2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题及参考答案 2011年01月17日 16:43 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”. Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that
2011年全国考研英语（二）试题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on Answer Sheet 1 (10 points) Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual property _1_from creative thinking and may include products _2_ processes and ideas. Intellectual property is protected _3_ misappropriation (盗用) Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without _4_ compensation and using it for monetary gain. Legal protection is provided for the _5_ of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents copyrights and trademarks. Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent Office _6_ a patent it is confirming that the intellectual property is _7_. The patent prevents others from making using or selling the invention without the owner’s _8_ for a period of 20 years. Copyright are similar to patents _9_ that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an _10_ artistic or intellectual work such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy _11_ display or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work. The _12_ of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author _13_ an additional 70 years. Trademarks are words names or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and _14_ it from similar goods of others. A servicemark is similar to a trademark _15_ is used to identify service. A trademark prevents others from using the _16_ or a similar word name or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and _17_ of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace. _18_ registration a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be _19_ for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as _20_ as the mark’s use continues. 1. A. retrieves B. deviates C. results D. departs 2. A. services B. reserves C. assumptions D. motions 3. A. for B. with C. by D. from 4. A. sound B. partial C. due D. random 5. A. users B. owners C. masters D. executives 6. A. affords B. affiliates C. funds D. grants 7. A. solemn B. sober C. unique D. universal 8. A. perspective B. permission C. conformity D. consensus 9. A. except B. besides C. beyond D. despite 10. A. absolute B. alternative C. original D. orthodox 11. A. presume B. stimulate C. nominate D. distribute 12. A. range B. length C. scale D. extent 13. A. plus B. versus C. via D. until 14. A. distract B. differ C. distinguish D. disconnect 15. A. or B. but C. so D. whereas 16. A. identical B. analogical C. literal D. parallel 17. A. ambiguity B. utility C. popularity D. proximity 18. A. From B. Over C. Before D. Upon 19. A. recurred B. renewed C. recalled D. recovered 20. A. long B. soon C. far D. well Section II Reading Comprehension
好的，以下是对考研英语一Text 2的精讲，字数大约在500-800字： Text 2，题为"The Fall of the House of Borders"，讲述了巴诺书店的衰落，为我们提供了一个商业失败的典型案例。这篇文章采用了新闻报道的形式，通过对巴诺书店在电子书冲击下的困境进行深入剖析，为我们提供了宝贵的商业启示。 首先，从文章结构来看，本文可分为三个部分。第一部分（1-4段）介绍了巴诺书店的背景和现状，以及电子书对传统图书销售的冲击。第二部分（5-16段）通过具体案例分析巴诺书店衰落的原因，包括内部管理问题、市场竞争、经营策略不当等。第三部分（17段）总结全文，强调了电子书市场的巨大潜力以及传统书店面临的挑战。 在词汇方面，考生需要重点关注一些高频词汇和短语，如e-reader（电子阅读器）、subscription （订阅）、digitization（数字化）、disruptive（破坏性的）等。同时，考生还需要注意一些易混淆的词汇，如“outlet”和“insulate”在文中的正确含义。 接下来是长难句的分析。文章中有一个复杂句式值得考生关注，即“This is a stark reminder of the accelerating trend of digital transformation that is fundamentally changing the way we shop, work, and consume media, whether it’s music, movies, or books.”这个句式中包含了“This is a stark reminder of…”这样的主语从句，以及“whether it’s music, movies, or books”这样的并列结构。通过分析这个句式，考生可以更好地理解巴诺书店衰落的原因和电子书市场的巨大潜力。 至于主旨大意的判断，本文主要讨论了巴诺书店的衰落以及电子书市场的巨大潜力。因此，本文的主旨大意是关于传统书店面临的挑战以及电子书市场的未来趋势。 至于作者的语气态度，作者对巴诺书店的衰落持惋惜和批评态度。在文中作者通过描述巴诺书店的现状、问题及应对措施来体现其态度。作者对传统图书销售方式的缺陷表达了不满，也对电子书市场的发展前景表示乐观。这种乐观的态度与对现实状况的批评形成鲜明对比，让读者对传统书店的未来有了更深的认识和思考。 通过以上的精讲分析，考生可以对Text 2有更深入的理解。同时，考生还可以结合历年真题进行强化训练，以提高答题效率和准确率。希望这些信息能够帮助你顺利通过考研英语一的考试！ 请注意，以上内容仅为大概框架，实际考试中可能还会有其他细节需要关注和掌握。建议根据实际情况进行调整和准备。