in detail 详细地
in difficulties
处境
困难
in effect 实际上
雅思写作必背核心词组
发表时间：2008年7月11日 中国雅思网
at (the) best
充其量，至多
on bus in ess
因公，因事
in case 假如，以防（万一）免得
in any eve nt 无论如何
in no case 决不
in charge of
负责…，主管…
in the face of 面对…，不顾…
in common 共用，共有，共同
in favor of 有利于…，赞成…，支持…
in con clusi on 最后，总之 in gen eral 通常，大体
上
on con diti on that 在…条件下
at heart 在内心，实质上
by accide nt 偶然 in con trast with/to
与…成对照
on acco unt of 因为…，由于…
un der control 被控制住
in additi on to
除…之外
at all costs 不惜任何代
价
on (the/a n) average 平均，一般来说 at the cost of
以…为代价
on the basis of 根据…，在…的基础上
in the course of
在…过程中，在…期间
in any case
无论如何，总之
on earth 究竟，至U 底 in case
of
假使…，万一 at all events 无论如何 by cha nee 偶然，碰巧
with the exception of
除…之?外 in connection with/to 关于…
in honor of
为纪念…，向…表示敬意
in consequenee 因此，结果
at in tervals 不时，时时 in con seque nee of 由于…的缘故
at length 终于，最后，详细地 on the con trary
反之，正相反
at a loss 困惑，不知所措
by all
means
无论如何，必定
by means of …借助
于…
，用
by no means 决不
by mistake 错误地
in nature 本质上
on occasion 有时，不时
in particular 特别地，尤其，详细地
in the first place 起初，首先
in the last place 最后
in practice 实际上
at present 目前，现在
in proporti on to 与…成比例
for (the) purpose of 为了?…
on purpose 故意，有意
at random 随意地，任意地
at any rate 无论如何，至少
by reas on of 由于…
with/in regard
to
对于?…，就…而论with respect to 关于……
as a result 结
果，
因此
as a result of 由于…的缘故
in the long run 最终，从长远观点看for the sake of 为了…起见
at first sight 乍一看，初看起来
in spite of 不管…，不顾…
in terms of 依据…，按照…
on the second thoughts 经重新考虑，
转念
from time to time 有时，不时
in truth 事实上，实际上，的确
on the whole 总的来说
take...into account 把…加以考虑
gain/have an advantage over
优于…
take advantage of …利用…，趁…之机make the best of …充分利用…，妥善处理…
take charge of
…
??担任…，负责…
make a/the
difference
有影响，很重要
carry/bring into
effect
使生效，使起作用
put into effect 实
行，
生效
come/go into effect 生效，实施
keep an eye on
…
??留意…，照看…
bear/keep in mind 记住
make up one ' s mind下决心
in detail 详细地 in difficulties 处境 困难 in effect 实际上 雅思写作必背核心词组 发表时间：2008年7月11日 中国雅思网 at (the) best 充其量，至多 on bus in ess 因公，因事 in case 假如，以防（万一）免得 in any eve nt 无论如何 in no case 决不 in charge of 负责…，主管… in the face of 面对…，不顾… in common 共用，共有，共同 in favor of 有利于…，赞成…，支持… in con clusi on 最后，总之 in gen eral 通常，大体 上 on con diti on that 在…条件下 at heart 在内心，实质上 by accide nt 偶然 in con trast with/to 与…成对照 on acco unt of 因为…，由于… un der control 被控制住 in additi on to 除…之外 at all costs 不惜任何代 价 on (the/a n) average 平均，一般来说 at the cost of 以…为代价 on the basis of 根据…，在…的基础上 in the course of 在…过程中，在…期间 in any case 无论如何，总之 on earth 究竟，至U 底 in case of 假使…，万一 at all events 无论如何 by cha nee 偶然，碰巧 with the exception of 除…之?外 in connection with/to 关于… in honor of 为纪念…，向…表示敬意 in consequenee 因此，结果 at in tervals 不时，时时 in con seque nee of 由于…的缘故 at length 终于，最后，详细地 on the con trary 反之，正相反 at a loss 困惑，不知所措
雅思写作必背300句 教育话题 家庭生活 现代科技 媒体 动物 环境、交通、资源 传统与发展变化 政府话题 平等 其他话题 教育话题 The uneducated person, on the other hand, is either unable to do something new, or does it badly. 相反地，一个未受过教育的人不是无法做好新事情，就是做得很糟。 Through systematic study in school, children can learn how to study, how to create and how to be a human being. 通过在学校的系统学习，孩子们都能学会如何学习、如何创造以及如何做人。 It is common for university students to share their dormitory rooms with another student, and at some universities this is required. 对于大学生来说，和另一个学生同住宿舍是很常见的事，而且在有些学校是明文规定的。 First, it is usually located on the campus and so it is very convenient for students to get to their classes, the library, and other university facilities. 首先，宿舍通常都在校园内，因此对学生来说，不论要去上课，去图书馆，还是要去使用校内其他设施都很方便。 This would allow me to make friends and get accustomed to school life without the distraction of having to worry about my daily needs. 这会让我有交友的机会，并且熟悉校园生活，不用因为一些日常所需而分心。 One reason that higher education should not be limited to good students is that not all secondary students study in equal circumstances. 高等教育不应该只限于给予好学生。原因之一是，并非所有的中学生都在平等的环境中学习。 Finally, a better educated population contributes to the growth and prosperity of a society as a whole. 最后，就整体而言，人们的教育程度越高越会促进社会的发展与繁荣。 Furthermore, by denying higher education to who do not make their marks in their secondary education, the country may be ignoring a future Einstein. 此外，国家如果不让高中成绩未达标准的学生受高等教育，可能会因此埋没了一个未来的爱因斯坦。 However, with their busy schedules, many students may not have the opportunity to exercise at home and so may become weaker. 然而，由于学业繁忙，许多学生在家里可能没有机会运动，因此身体可能会变得比较虚弱。 As fitness is such an important ingredient of success, I believe that schools should require students to engage in some physical activity every day. 由于健康是成功非常重要的因素之一，我认为学校应该要求学生每天做一些体能运动。
General Knowledge 注意： 1. 作文要有实质内容。 2. 6分：260~270个词左右；6.5分：280个词以上。 3. 没有必要一定写长难句，但要提高句子的准确度和多样性。必须在对英语造句知识准确理解和把握的基础上流畅地写出复杂的长句子，而不是刻意、机械地拉长句子。（准确、严密、多样、清晰） 4. 对于零星出现的少量拼写错误，只要不引起歧义，是不会导致严重扣分的，但要努力减少作文里出现拼写错误的可能。 5. 考场里没有时间打草稿，但可以在印考题的试题纸上把看到题目后头脑里闪现出的ideas、考前准备的相关加分词汇和句型大致记录一下。 6. 当考官要求停笔时即使还没有写完也一定要停下来，否则会被判为违纪行为。 7. 考前练习一定要尽可能模拟实战：下载标准格式的答题纸；用铅笔写作，每行10~12个单词；严格控制时间，Task 1不应超过25 min，Task 2不应超过45 min。备考初期，可将Task 1和Task 2分开练习，但在考前一周内，必须演练完整的写作考试全程，严格控制时间，写完后再核对或请有经验的老师批改。 8.
如果Task 2准备得较为充分，有信心在40min写出一篇自己满意的议论文，那么就先完成Task 2。反之，就先写Task 1。 9. 齐头式：每段开头顶格写，每两段之间空一行 缩入式：每段开头后退3~4个字母的距离，每个段落之间不空行 10. 可使用I/we、被动语态，但不宜滥用；可将But/So放在句首 11. 7分或以上的作文对于用词的要求是准确，而不是冗长 ?Topics ?学术类写作的特殊要求 1. 不接受缩写形式 2. 不使用非正式口语表达 3. 英美拼写不能混淆 4. 用词要有特色 5. 句式不能过于短促 6. 句式不能过于干瘪 7. 感情色彩不能过于强烈
雅思写作核心语料库 Part 1 1 offer a sense of job satisfaction and security 带来工作的满意感和安全感2lay a solid professional working experience 积累扎实的工作经验 3 reduce/cut down expenditure 削减支出 4increase/generate job opportunities 创造就业机会 6promote talent introduction and exchange 促进人才的引进与交流 7keep skills fresh and up-to-date 保证技术的不落伍 9lay a solid foundation for 奠定坚实的基础 10 pave the way for the future/development 为未来铺平了道路 11foster a sense of competition and cooperation 培养合作感与竞争感 12cultivate the spirit of team working 培养团队合作精神 13master interpersonal skills 掌握人及关系技巧 14widen one’s knowledge 拓宽知识面 15enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富社会与人生经历 16enlarge one’s view/broaden one’s horizon 拓宽视野 17realize the value of life 实现人生价值 18surmount /overcome / win over /master difficulties 克服困难 19grasp good communication skills 掌握人际交流技巧 20remove misunderstanding and discrimination 消除误解与歧视 21keep balance between work and family 保持事业与家庭的平衡 22raise the standard of living提高生活水平 25enrich people’s spiritual life 丰富人们的精神生活 26promote social skills and competence 提高社交技巧与能力 27strengthen the family ties促进家庭团结 28cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培养强烈的责任感 29bring joys and comforts to sb带来愉悦与舒适 30usher in a brand-new life-style引入全新的生活方式 31relieve the pressure of 缓解压力 32maintain the community stability 保持社会的稳定
雅思写作必背的100个常用词汇 （附替换词）
1. 持某观点：claim contend, deem, reckon, assert, share the belief that 2.支持某观点: advocate maintain, vote for, side with, be in favor of 3.反对某观点: contradict criticize, be against, cast doubts on 4.合理的：justified sensible, feasible, convincing, persuasive, rational, practicable, logical, wise, sagacious, viable, preferable, advisable, appropriate, bear much analysis 5.好处：advantage benefit, merit, positive side, upside, boon, pros 6.弊端：disadvantage defect, demerit, negative side, downside, flaw, drawback, cons 7.肯定：undoubtedly indeed, undeniably, there is no denying that 8.不确定：be likely to potentially presumably 9.重要的：essential significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable 10.有益的：beneficial
必备词组1(2009-02-04 20:18:45)标签：教育分类：写作词汇60条通用优点： 1 offer a sense of job satisfaction and security 带来工作的满意感和安全感 2lay a solid professional working experience 积累扎实的工作经验3 reduce/cut down expenditure 削减支出 4increase/generate job opportunities 创造就业机会 5meet/satisfy personalized needs 满足人性化的需求 6promote talent introduction and exchange 促进人才的引进与交流7keep skills fresh and up-to-date 保证技术的不落伍 8better/promote/enhance/further human resource development 完善人力资源的发展 9lay a solid foundation for 奠定坚实的基础 10 pave the way for the future/development 为未来铺平了道路 11foster a sense of competition and cooperation 培养合作感与竞争感 12cultivate the spirit of team working 培养团队合作精神 13master interpersonal skills 掌握人及关系技巧 14widen one’s knowledge 拓宽知识面 15enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富社会与人生经历16enlarge one’s view/broaden one’s horizon 拓宽视野 17realize the value of life 实现人生价值
雅思写作必备短语及例句 1. to abandon oneself to...纵情于...，沉溺于...；肆意... At the harvesting time, most of the villagers would abandon themselves to wining, eating and even singing folk songs after dark. 秋收时节，大多数的村民在天黑以后都会开怀畅饮、大吃大喝，甚至还唱起山村民歌。 2. to be abashed at...因...而感到惭愧，窘迫，不好意思 Sandra was very much abashed at the sight that all the participants were wearing a formal dress while she was in mini-skirt. 当桑德拉看见到场的其他人都穿得很得体，而她却穿的是超短裙时，她感到非常的尴尬。 3. to take up one’s abode with / in ...和...住在一起；住在... Sandra’s moth er became very much abashed at the news that her daughter had taken up her abode with a guy she got acquainted with only recently. 当桑德拉的母亲得知她的女儿和一个她刚刚认识的男人住在了一起的时候她感到自己都没脸见人了。 4. to abound in/with...充满，盛产...；有大量的... Rare and precious herbal plants abound in the mountains to the north of this small city, and the deep valley to the west of the city abounds with hot springs. 这座小城市以北的山上生长着大量稀有珍贵的野生药材，而在位于该城西边的深山峡谷中温泉处处可见。 5. to keep abreast of / with...与...并驾齐驱；跟得上... To survive in a world full of intense competition, an enterprise must keep abreast with the most advanced development in its field. 一个企业要想在这个竞争激烈的社会生存下去，就必须掌握所在行业的最先进技
雅思写作100个高频英语短语（必须背诵） 1.经济的快速发展the rapid development economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长 The remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为it is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认it is undeniable that…/there is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/争论a heated discussion/ debate 10.有争议性的问题 a controvesial issue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12.一些人…而另外一些人…some pleple….while others…. 13.就我而言/就个人而言as far as I am concerned/ personally 14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on … 15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少be indispensable to 19.正如谚语所说as the proverb goes 20.…也不例外…be no exception 21.对…产生有利/不利影响exert positive/negative effets on… 22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages 23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.发杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon 25.责任感/成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26.竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
雅思写作必背核心词组 by accident偶然 on account of…因为…，由于… in addition to…除…之外 on (the/an) average 平均，一般来说 on the basis of…根据…，在…的基础上at (the) best充其量，至多 on business因公，因事 in any case无论如何，总之 in case of…假使…，万一… in case假如，以防(万一)免得 in no case决不 by chance 偶然，碰巧 in charge of…负责…，主管… in common共用，共有，共同 in conclusion 最后，总之 on condition that在…条件下 in connection with/to…关于… in consequence 因此，结果 in consequence of…由于…的缘故 on the contrary 反之，正相反 in contrast with/to…与…成对照 under control被控制住 at all costs不惜任何代价 at the cost of…以…为代价 in the course of…在…过程中，在…期间in detail 详细地 in difficulties处境困难 on earth究竟，到底 at all events无论如何 in any event无论如何 in effect实际上 with the exception of…除…之外 in the face of…面对…，不顾… in favor of…有利于…，赞成…，支持…in general通常，大体上 at heart在内心,实质上 in honor of…为纪念…，向…表示敬意 at intervals 不时，时时 at length终于，最后,详细地 at a loss困惑，不知所措 by all means无论如何，必定 by means of…借助于…，用… by no means决不
1.On Open Policy The open policy means that our country is open to investment, trade and technical and economic cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. The purpose of open policy is to acquire advanced technology, management skills to serve our socialist construction so as to promote the realization of the four modernizations. We must adhere to the open policy. Because economic relations between states today have become increasingly close, and no country can possibly advance behind close doors. Only in this way, can we gradually close the gap between our country and the developed countries. Through the implementation of policy, we can learn advanced technology and managerial expertise from abroad; make full use of the foreign capitals to set up great enterprises; absorb useful and healthy ideas and new knowledge of the modern civilization; and broaden our views and raise our level of competence. 2. The place of Science and Technology in Modern Life. Human life can not continue without science and technology. For many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind. So the life we are living now is more
雅思写作必背200句 句子就是财富,句子就是一切,这些句子是从近百篇雅思优秀作文中摘录下来并经反复推敲提炼而成的.对于复习时间短,基础较薄弱的朋友能够在短期内熟悉且背诵这些经典句子无疑是准备雅思考试的捷径。 1. According to a recent survey, four-million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病. 2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感. 3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than internet. 没有一项发明象互联网同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评. 4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实. 5. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康. 6. Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus. 当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈.然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历. 7. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse. 考虑到问题的严重*,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施. 8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响. 9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city .however; this opinion is now being questioned
雅思写作必背300句 第一章教育话题 The uneducated person, on the other hand, is either unable to do something new, or does it badly. 相反地，一个未受过教育的人不是无法做好新事情，就是做得很糟。 Through systematic study in school, children can learn how to study, how to create and how to be a human being. 通过在学校的系统学习，孩子们都能学会如何学习、如何创造以及如何做人。 It is common for university students to share their dormitory room s with another student, and at some universities this is required. 对于大学生来说，和另一个学生同住宿舍是很常见的事，而且在有些学校是明文规定的。 First, it is usually locate d on the campus and so it is very convenient for students to get to their classes, the library, and other university facilities. 首先，宿舍通常都在校园内，因此对学生来说，不论要去上课，去图书馆，还是要去使用校内其他设施都很方便。 This would allow me to make friends and get accustomed to school life w ithout the distraction of having to worry about my daily needs. 这会让我有交友的机会，并且熟悉校园生活，不用因为一些日常所需而分心。 One reason that higher education should not be limited to good students is that not all secondary students study in equal circumstances. 高等教育不应该只限于给予好学生。原因之一是，并非所有的中学生都在平等的环境中学习。 Finally, a better educated population contributes to the growth and prosperity of a society as a whole. 最后，就整体而言，人们的教育程度越高越会促进社会的发展与繁荣。 Furthermore, by denying higher education to who do not make their marks in their se condary education, the country may be ignoring a future Einstein. 此外，国家如果不让高中成绩未达标准的学生受高等教育，可能会因此埋没了一个未来的爱因斯坦。
60条通用优点： 1 offer a sense of job satisfaction and security提供工作满意度和安全感 2 lay a solid professional working experience奠定坚实专业的工作经验 3 reduce/cut down expenditure减少开支 4 increase job opportunities增加工作机会 5 meet personalized needs满足个性化的需求 6 promote \talent introduction and exchange促进人才的引进和交流 7 keep skills fresh and up-to-date使技术与时俱进 8 better/promote/enhance/further human resource development促进人力资源的发展 9 lay a solid foundation for奠定坚实的基础 10 pave the way for the further/development为未来发展铺路 11 foster a sense of competition and cooperation培养竞争和合作意识 12 cultivate the spirit of team working培养团队精神 13 master interpersonal skills掌握人际沟通技巧 14 widen one’s knowledge拓展知识 15 enrich one’s social and life experience丰富社会和生活经验 16 enlarge one’s view/broaden one’s horizon开阔眼界 17 realize the value of life实现生活的价值 18 srumount/overcome/win over /master difficulties克服困难 19 grasp good communication skills掌握良好的沟通技巧 20 remove misunderstanding and discrimination消除误会和歧视 21 keep balance between work and family平衡家庭和工作 22 raise the standard of living提高生活水平 23 penetrate every corner of our life and be impressive渗透生活每个角落 24 improve cultural integration and globalization改善文化全球化 25 enrich people’s spiritual life丰富精神生活 26 promote social skills and competence促进社交能力 27 strengthen the family ties增强家庭关系 28 cultivate a strong sense of responsibility培养强烈责任感 29 bring joys and comforts to sb给某人带来乐趣和安慰 30 usher in a brand-new life-style引进崭新的生活方式 31 relieve the pressure of减轻….的压力 32 maintain the community stability维护社区稳定 33 improve the utilization rate of energy resources改善能源利用 34 make full use of充分利用 35 satisfy people’s needs/meet the demands of people满足人们的需求 36 promote the development of relative industries促进相关产业的发展 37 stimulate domestic needs刺激内部需求 38 impel economic development刺激经济发展 39 generate jobs,income and tax revenues带来工作，税收收入 40 enhance mutual understanding增进互相理解 41 boost local development加速当地发展 42 promote cultural exchange and cooperation促进文化交流和合作 43 enrich one’s experience of life丰富生活经验
话题 排序 词汇 词性 含义 Education 1 parenting n. 家庭教育 2 schooling n. 学校教育 3 cultivate vt. 培养 4 awareness/sense /recognition n. 意识 5 creative/original adj. 有创造力的 6 physical adj. 身体的 7 psychological adj. 心理的 8 peer n. 同龄人 9 motivation n. 动力（motivated ，adj 有动力的） 10 adapt to 适应 11 discipline n. 学科、纪律 12 memories n. 记忆 13 acquire vt. 获得（+knowledge/skills ） 14 stimulating adj. 有趣的，可替代interesting ） Media 15 prevalent adj. 无处不在，可替代everywhere 16 objective adj. 客观的 17 biased [?ba ??st] adj. 不客观的 18 celebrity n. 名人 19 journalists n. 记者 20 the press 新闻界 21 coverage n. 报道（v.cover ） 22 misleading adj. 有误导性的 23 dependable adj. 可靠的 24 up-to-the-minute adj. 非常及时的 25 sway vt. 影响+object （宾语） 26 informative adj. 信息量大的 27 entertaining adj. 娱乐性强的 Technology 28 transform vt. 改变，代替change 29 breakthrough n. 突破 30 advance v.& n. 发展 31 a staggering rate 惊人的速度 32 information overload 信息爆炸 33 enhance/boost vt. 提高，增强 34 innovations n. 创新，发明 35 telecommunications n. 远程通信 36 productive adj. 高生产率的（n.productivity)
雅思大作文写作必备词组
?前进类词组（论证好处） ? 1. benefit／profit from 从…..当中获益 ? 2. invest in 对…….投资（钱／时间） ? 3. promote the development of 促进……..的发展 ? 4. It is obvious/evident/apparent that 显而易见 ? 5. play a key/vital／crucial role in 在…..中起关键作用 ? 6. enrich one’s experience 丰富…..的生活 ?7. keep society safe and stable 保持社会稳定 ?8. relax their bodies and ease their minds 让人放松身心 ?9. have duty to do 有责任去做 ?10. afford/provide people entertainment and pleasure 给人们提供娱乐 ?11.create employment opportunities 创造就业机会 ?12. less time-consuming and more economical 让人省钱省时间?13. broaden one’s horizons 开阔人的眼界 ?14.fulfill one’s potential 发挥人的潜能 ?15. remove the barrier for 为….. 消除障碍 ?16.promote the cultural communication and interaction between…..and …..促进文化交流 ?17.curb the proliferation of 控制…..的扩散 ?18. raise people’s awareness(consciousness) of 提高人们的意识?19. has the inherent advantage of 有……的内在优势 ?20. A is an indispensable part of B A是b 不可或缺的一部分 ?21. enable sb to do sth 让某人能够去做….. ?22. someone can utilize sth 能够使用xxx ?23. sth is in the best interest of someone 做某事符合….的利益 ?24.contribute to 导致／推动 ?25.draw on 借鉴 ?26. get a clear perspective of 对……有更清晰的认识 ?倒退类（论证disadvantage) ? 1.live a stressful life 生活压力大 ? 2. lead to crimes 导致犯罪 ? 3.the competition is stiff竞争激烈 ? 4. avoid 避免 ? 5.suffer from 遭受 ? 6. stem from 源于 ?7. is a threat to 对…… 构成威胁 ?8. have detrimental influence upon 对……有坏的影响 ?9. be monotonous and unmotivating 单调而且无法给人动力的 ?10.cope with/deal with 解决 ?11. spin out of control 失去控制 ?12. create tension and conflicts between 在xx和xx之间产生紧张和冲突 ?13. be overly dependent on 对某事过于依赖