毕业论文题目：年产20万吨果冻的工厂生产工艺设计英文并列题目：Process Design of Yelly with an annual output 200,000 tons of factory production学院：****** 专业：食品***** 班级：******学生：**** 指导教师（职称）*****完成时间：2010 年月日至2010 年月摘要介绍了果冻工业现状和发展趋势、生产工艺流程的特点。
设计了果冻生产工艺流程,进行了物料衡算、经济核算、主要设备的设计及选型；绘制了果冻生产工艺流程图、主要设备装配图以及车间平面布置图等。
关键词:果冻；设计；工艺流程；物料衡算；热量衡算AbstractThe status and development tendency, the process characteristics of industrial yelly were introduced . The technological processes of yelly production, the material balance and economic accounting, major equipment design and selection were designed. Drawing a map of yelly production process, major equipment and assembly workshops and other layout plans.Key Words: Yelly Design Technological process Material balance Energy balance目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第一章概述 (5)1.1果冻的发展现状与趋势 (5)1.2 果冻生产工艺设计的意义........................................... 错误!未定义书签。
石油天然气工艺管道安装常用英语缩写1、SWAGEDNIPPLECONCSMLS.：大小头同心无缝2、BLE/PSE：BeveledLargeEnd/PlainSmallEnd大端开破口/小端平端3、PE/PE、PBE、BLE/PSE、BSE/PLE：平端/平端、两端平端、大端开破口/小端平端、小端开破口/大端平端4、ELBOW90DEGLRBWSMLS.：弯头90度长半径R=对焊无缝5、PIPESMLSPE/BE：无缝管平口/坡口6、GASKETFLATRING：垫圈平面环形7、compressedasbestosfiberjointingsheet：石棉胶板8、SPECTACLEBLIND：8字盲板9、STUDBOLTALLOYSTEEL：双头螺栓合金钢10、SR：短半径R=11、MildSteel软钢;低碳钢软钢丝12、MildSteelArcWeldingElectrode低碳钢焊条13、MildSteelChannel槽钢14、MildSteelCheckeredPlate花纹钢板15、MildSteelEqualAngle等边角钢16、MildSteelExpandedSheets钢板网17、MildSteelFireBox软钢板火箱18、MildSteelHexagonalBolts六角螺丝梗19、MildSteelHexagonalBoltsAndNuts六角螺丝闩20、MildSteelI-Beam低碳工字钢21、MildSteelIngot低碳钢锭22、MildSteelPlate软钢板23、MildSteelReinforcement含钢量软钢钢筋24、MildSteelShank软钢手柄25、MildSteelSheet软钢皮26、TS：螺母nut的复数27、BOLT：螺栓28、FULLBORE：与管子等径的、直通式ValveBall,FullBore全通径球阀29、REDUCED/REGULARBORE：缩径ValveBall,Reduced/RegularBore缩径球阀30、SWENDS/CARBONSTEELBODY/DIMSTOBSEN：承插焊/碳钢阀体/尺寸按照英国及欧洲标准31、RFFLANGEDENDS：凸面法兰连接表示阀门连接形式32、TEEEQUAL：等径三通33、SOCKOLET：承插支管台34、THREBOLET：螺纹支管台35、常见阀门连接面英文表示：⑴LUGGED------>凸耳对夹式的,法门的一种结构形式.一般用于大直径的止回阀或蝶阀,属于对夹连接的一个变种,要配对法兰.连接螺栓要加长⑵RINGTYPEJOINT------>环连接面,这是法兰密封面的类型,一般这样写要法兰的.⑶SOCKETWELD------>承插焊连接,不需法兰⑷THREADED---->螺纹连接,不要法兰⑸WAFER------>对夹式连接,类似于凸耳的,也是一种阀门的结构形式,属于FLANGELESS阀门,阀门本体没有法兰,但是要有配对法兰连接.螺栓要加长⑹BUTTERWELD/THREADED------>对焊/罗纹.都不要法兰,一般是用于描述小阀门,两端的连接形式不同的情况⑺SOCKETWELD/THREADED--->承插焊/螺纹,都不要法兰,一般是用于描述小阀门,两端的连接形式不同的情况36、VALVEGATE/SOLIDWEDGE：闸阀/整体楔形闸板37、MANUFACTURERSSTANDARD：行业标准38、union：通常指的是活接头,也就是老师傅常说的“油印”；nipple：一般是指用于软管站连接软管的接头,连接方式为多样焊接／丝接／法兰连接；pipe：一般就指短管,其中的couple特指两头带法兰的短管连接,即俗称的“车轱辘管”;39、NIPPLE：短节PBE：PlainBothEnd两端平口POE /TOE：plainoneend/threadoneend一端平口/一端螺纹40、CAP：管帽41、VALVECHECKPISTON：止回阀活塞式42、THREADED：螺纹43、GALVANISED：镀锌44、NITRILERUBBER：丁腈橡胶45、HOTDIPPEDGALVANISED：热浸锌46、BRONZE：铜47、EFWPipe：电熔焊管48、ERW 即电阻焊Electricresistancewelding 的第一字母的缩写ERW管与埋弧焊管的焊接方式有显着的不同,采用的是无填充金属的压力焊接方式,焊缝中没有填充其他成分,靠高频电流的集肤效应和临近效应,使板边瞬间加热到焊接温度,由挤压辊挤压形成锻造组织的焊缝;高品质的钢管要求采用焊缝线上或离线热处理,使焊区组织细化,优质ERW焊管的焊缝可以达到与母材相同的韧性水准,这是埋弧焊接工艺无法达到的;49、EFW 即电熔焊Electricfusionwelding的第一字母的缩写埋弧焊SAW-电熔焊EFW的一种,就是通过一个或几个自耗电极与工件之间对金属加热使金属之间结合中的一种工艺,电弧使金属和填充材料充分融化,不需要加压,填充金属部分勤工全部来自于电极;熔化气体保护焊GMAW--电熔焊EFW的一种,这种工艺与埋弧焊类似,但它的保护是来自于惰性气体,效果会更好;螺旋焊---这也是埋弧焊的一种,带有一条螺旋焊缝;50、管子：304 A304 A管件：304 A锻件：304 A是直缝焊接钢管,TP是冷拔无缝钢管,F是锻件51、STAINLESS：不锈钢52、LINEBLINDANDSPACER：实心和空心连在一起的插板和插环大尺寸管道用,相当于小尺寸管道用的8字盲板53、Blind：插板spacer：垫环54、SpiralWoundGasket：金属缠绕垫55、NOMTHK：nominalthickness公称厚度56、VALVEGLOBE,REGULARPATTERN：截止阀,正常模式57、WELDOLET：焊接支管台58、ESDV：EmergencyShutDownValve紧急关断阀59、Swingcheckvalve：旋启式止回阀60、hexhd：六角头61、ReducerEcc.：大小头偏心的62、板式平焊PL带颈平焊SO带颈对焊WN承插焊SW螺纹TN整体IF 法兰盖BL螺纹支管台threadlet焊接支管台weldlet承插支管台socklet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipoletFieldweld现场焊.Figure图：figure8blind：8字盲板.461grain格令=克1dram打兰=克1ounce盎司=16drams打兰=克1pound磅=16ounces盎司=7000grains谷=千克1stone英石=14pounds磅=千克1quarter四分之一英担=2stones英石=千克1hundredweight英担=4quarters四分之一英担=千克1shortton短吨美吨=2000pounds磅=公吨1longton长吨英吨=20hundredweight英担=公吨TAPERJOINT锥形连接Coupling直管短接fireproof耐火的NPTF锥管螺纹GRE：Glass-reinforcedexpoxyGRE管就是玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂管GRP：Glass-reinforcedplasticsGRP管就是玻璃纤维增强树脂塑料管FRPFiberReinforcedPlastics为玻璃纤维增强复合材料的总称,即玻璃钢的总称,它包含GRE和GRP;玻璃钢由基体材料和增强材料所组成,因基体材料的不同我们有的叫GRE,有的叫GRP,基体材料一般为树脂,增强材料为玻璃纤维,在生产过程中加入其他原材料即获得更优异的性能,如,加入石墨或者是碳纤维可获得导静电的性能,采用酚醛树脂为基体材料的话,可以获得很高的耐高温的能力,可以瞬间承受3000摄氏度的高温;玻璃钢管道最近几年在造船行业很受欢迎和关注,特殊船舶如油船,化学品船,海洋平台等等船舶的压载系统,在国外船东的要求下都在使用玻璃钢管道及配件,它的优点除了前面说的可以导静电外,还有很多优点,如重量轻,一般的相同通径的玻璃钢管道只有碳钢管道重量的35%,在就是耐海水的腐蚀,一般的玻璃钢管道厂家可承诺：管用50年;其缺点就是可以承受的压力底,弹性模量低;不过在压载系统中是足够了的;GRE管比GRP管的拉伸强度和耐压性好,因此有人把GRE 管叫做高压玻璃钢管;工艺管道图纸常用缩写A/Gaboveground地上ATMatmosphere大气Bbend弯曲BBPbottomofbaseplate底板底面BEbeveledend坡口BFblindflange盲板法兰BLbatterylimit边界BOPbottomofpipe管底BWbuttweld对焊Centerline中心线CODcontinuedondrawing连接到平面图CONCconcentric同心CONNconnection连接CScarbonstell碳钢DIAdiameter直径DIMdimension尺寸DISCHdischarge出口DNdesignnorth设计北DRdrain导淋DWGdrawing图ECCeccentric偏心Eeast东ELelevation标高ELECTelectrical电FFflatface平板面FLGflange法兰FOBflatonbottom底平FOTflatontop顶平GALVgalvanized镀锌GASgasket垫片HORhorizontal水平偏HShosestation软管站INSTinstrument仪表LJlapjoint活套连接Mmeters米MMmillimeters毫米MHmanholes人孔MINminimum最小MLmatchline接图线Nnorth北ODoutsidediameter外径OPERoperating/operator操作PEplainend平端PLATFplatform平台POSpointofsupport支撑点RFraisedface突面ROrestrictionorifice限流孔板Ssouth南SCHschedule管表号SPECspecification规定SWsocketweld承插焊STDstandard标准SUCTsuction进口THDthreaded螺纹TLtangentline切线TNtruenorth真实北TOCtopofconcrete混凝土结构顶面TOStopofsteel钢结构顶面TYPtypical典型的U/Gunderground地下VTvent放空VERTvertical垂直的Wwest西W/with有WPworkingpoint工工艺流程图processflowdiagramPFD管道仪表流程图processpiping&instrument公用流程图utilityflowdiagram框图blockflowdiagram公用工程介质平衡图utilitybalancediagramUBD平面布置图plotplan立面布置图generalarrangement总图generalplotplan规划图planningdrawing管道研究图pipingstudydrawing管道布置图配管图pipingarrangementdrawing分区图keyplan管道走向研究图pipingroutingstudydrawing地下管道图undergroundpipingdrawing管道特殊管件图pipingspecialpartsdrawing管架详图pipinghangingdrawing预制图prefabricationdrawing参考图referencedrawing通用图typicaldrawing制造厂图vendor’sdrawing管道轴测图isometricpipingdrawing竣工图as-builtdrawing模型model管线表lineschedule计算书calculationsheet图纸目录drawingschedule发图阶段issuestage版次revisionnumber编号体系numberingsystem比例scale工厂北向plantnorth海平面标高over-seameanlevelOSL标高elevationEL已有结构existingstructure装货区loadingarea公用工程站utilitystation柱号columnnumber净空headroom通道accessway小通道catway钢结构顶部标高topofstructureelevation 管底标高bottomofpipingelevation 主管口径runsize顶平偏心异径管eccentricreducerelevation 中心到面的距离centertoface工作点标高workingpointelevation管架标注hangingmarking冷拉coldspring管线记号linesymbol管线接口lineconnection物流号streamNO.管线等级号 1 classdesignation2 specdesignation阀门号valveNo.等级分界specificationbreak重要管道criticalpiping总管headerpipe仪表管道instrumentpiping排放管道blowdownpiping火炬气管道flarepiping输送管线transferline入口管线suctionline排水管effluentline旁通管bypassline吹扫系统purgesystem放空接口ventconnection软管接口hoseconnection双切断阀及排放阀doubleandbleeder 污水沟sewerditch冷凝液池condensatepit积水坑sumpbox漏斗dripfunnel管段spoolpiece垫环spacerring限流孔板restrictionorifice 流量喷咀flownozzle液体混合用三通mixingtee喷头spraynozzle粗滤器strainer临时粗滤器temporarystrainer 疏水阀steamtrap爆破膜rupturedisk蒸汽伴热管道steam-tracedpiping 夹套管道jacketedpiping地下管道undergroundpiping 钢管steelpipe螺纹端管threadedpipe法兰端管flangedpipe锻制swage光滑弯管smoothbendU型弯管U-bend弯管bendingpipe波纹管膨胀节expansinonbellows 柔性管flexiblepipe管件接头pipefittingjoint 机械连接mechanicaljoint活套连接lappedjoint环形垫连接ringtypejoint扩口接头flaretypejoint非扩口连接flarelesstypejoint 承插连接bellandspigot victaulic接头victaulicjoint弯头elbow异径管reducer管接头coupling活接头union短管nipple法兰flange配对法兰companionflange法兰盖blindflange异径法兰reducingflange8字盲板 1 spectactleblind2 reversibleblind平板式法兰plateflange带颈法兰hubbedflange对焊法兰weldingneckflange松套法兰looseflange管端突缘stubend法兰面flangeface垫片沟槽gasketgroove满平面fullface突面raisedface大准槽面largetongueandgrooveface 双凹凸面doublemale&femaleface大凹凸面largemale&femaleface金属垫片metallicgasket非金属垫片non-metallicgasket半金属垫片semi-metalliegasketＯ型环Ｏ-ring透镜垫lensring对焊buttweld承插焊接socketweld滑套焊接slip-onweld焊接支管台weldolet插入环insertring管帽cap材料表billofmaterial材料统计take-off管段表linebillofmaterial估算汇总表estimationsummarysheet 备品备件表sparepartslist报价单quotationsheet订货表purchaseorderschedule材料汇总表billofmaterialsummary状态报告statusreport分布报告distributionreport价格、重量一览表cost&weightsummary价格、重量汇总表cost&weighttotal定货管理表ordercontrol管道材料管理表pipingmaterialcontrolsheet 元件代码itemcode标记号tagnumber标准形态standardshape轴测图isometricdrawing管线号linereference批号batchreference管子下料表pipingcuttinglist制做件表fabricationpartslist组装件表erectionpartlist固定架anchor滑动架restingsupport导向架guide限位架directionstop减振架dampener支架support管托shoe保冷管托cradle鞍座saddle耳轴turnnion吊架hanger刚性吊架rigidhanger弹簧吊架springhanger恒力吊架constanthanger阀门valve截止阀globevalve闸阀gatevalve针形阀needlevalve球阀ballvalve止回阀checkvalve隔膜阀diaphragmvalve三通阀three-wayvalve角阀anglevalve碟阀butterflyvalve旋塞阀cock伸长杆操作extensionstem-operation链操作chain-operated齿轮操作gear-operated扳手操作wrench-operated电动操作motor-operated阀芯trim阀盖bonnet焊接支管weldbranch偏置offset焊缝根部间隙weldrootgap现场调整后再下料和焊接cutandweldafteradjusting坡度slope工作点workingpoint管架说明notesforpipinghanging部门间校核版interdepartmentalcheckprint平端plainend坡口端beveledend管道联接图pipinghook-updrawing管道图说明notesforpipingdrawing标题栏titleblock询价单pipingrequisitionsheet 压力试验pressuretest水压试验hydrostatictest气压试验pneumatictest气密试验airtightnesstest泄漏试验leaktest卤气泄露试验halogengasleaktest氦泄漏试验heliumleakagetest阀门打压试验seatleakagetest蒸汽试验steamtest盛水试验fullwatertest真空试验vacuumtest无损检验non-destructiveexaminationNDT液体渗透检验liquidpenetrantexaminationPT磁粉探伤检验magneticparticleexaminationMT超声波探伤检验ultrasonicexaminationUT涡流探伤eddycurrentexaminationET射线探伤检验radiographicexaminationRT透度计penetrameter对比计contrastmeter针孔检验pinholemeter声波发射acousticemissionAE焊接工艺评定试验weldingprocessqualificationtest 焊接性能评定试验weldingperformancequalificationtest 可焊性试验weldabilitytest裂纹试验crackingtest焊缝机械性能试验productionweldtest试样testspecimen堆焊金属试样facebendspecimen表面弯曲试样facebendspecimen根部弯曲试样rootbendspecimen侧面弯曲试样sidebendspecimen拉伸试验tensiontest弹性极限elastictest屈服点yieldpoint抗拉强度tensilestrength屈服强度yieldstrength伸长率elongation断面收缩率reductionofarea弯曲试验bendtest成形弯曲试验guidebendtest自由弯曲试验freebendtest挠曲试验flexuretest冲击试验impacttest硬度试验hardnesstest蠕变试验creeptest儒变强度creepstrength蠕变极限creeplimit蠕变断裂强度creeprupturestrength疲劳试验fatiguetest压扁试验flatteningtest压碎试验crushingtest倒换检验reversetest扩口试验flaringtest腐蚀试验corrosiontest钼检测molybdenumdetecting宏观组织检测macrostructuredetectingtest金相试验、微观检验microscopictest硫磺检验sulphurprint断口组织试验fractography焊接welding熔融焊fusionwelding压力焊pressurewelding锻接焊forgewelding电阻焊electricresistanceweldingERW高频诱导焊接highfrequencyinductionwelding热剂焊thermitwelding气焊gaswelding电焊arcwelding惰性气体保护焊inertgasshieldedarcwelding氩弧焊钨极惰性气体保护焊、TIG1 TIGwelding2inertgasshieldedtungstenarcwelding金属焊条惰性气体保护焊MIG 1 M IGwelding2inertgasshieldedmetalarcweldingCO2气体保护焊CO2gasshieldedarcwelding埋弧焊submergedarcwelding电渣焊electroslagwelding氢原子焊atomichydrogenwelding电子束焊electronbeemwelding爆炸焊explosivewelding钎接焊brazing锡焊soldering气割gascutting电弧切割arccutting氧气电弧切割oxygen-arccutting刨削gouging等离子流法plasmajetprocess焊条weldingrod填充金属fillermetal包剂焊条 1 coatedelectrode2 coveredelectrod焊丝wireforwelding焊条钳焊把electrodholder焊枪torch焊机weldingmachine焊剂flux保护气体shieldgas铝热剂thermitmixture对接接头buttjoint坡口焊grooveweld单面坡口singlegroove双面坡口doublegroove坡口角度grooveangle半坡角度bevelangle坡口深度groovedepth根部1rootface2land根部间隙1rootopening2rootgap根圆半径rootradius搭接接头lapjoint盖板接头strappedlapjoint啮合接头joggledlapjoint端接接头edgejoint角接接头cornerjointT形接头teejoint十字形接头cruciformjoint填角焊、贴角焊filletweld角焊缝尺寸sizeoffilletweld腰高throat脚高leglength扇形切口scallop塞焊plugwelding承插焊socketwelding焊缝weldline焊缝轴线axisofweld焊接长度weldinglength焊缝有效长度effectivelengthofweld 焊缝根部rootofweld坡口根部rootofjoint焊边toeofweld焊透深度penetration融合深度depthoffusion加强高reinforcement现场焊fieldweld密封焊、封闭焊sealwelding堆焊buildupwelding焊接符号symbolofweld垫板backing垫板焊backingweld垫底underlaying预堆边焊buttering定位焊tackwelding焊珠bead焊道 1 pass2 run焊层layer多层焊multi-layerwelding背面焊缝、底焊backrun引弧板endtab运条weaving前进焊forehandwelding反向焊backstepwelding分段多层焊blockwelding环焊boxing跳焊skipwelding电弧电压arcvoltage焊接电流weldingcurrent焊接速度weldingspeed焊接姿势weldingposition平焊flatposition横焊horizontalposition立焊verticalposition仰焊overheadposition磁性熄弧magneticblow飞溅spatter弧坑crater烧穿burn-through可焊性weldability边缘加工edgepreparation挑焊根chipping消除应力stressrelieving预热preheating后热postheating焊后热处理postweldheattreatment 喷丸硬化peening焊接转动换位器pisitioner焊接区weldzone母材 1 basematerial2 parentmaterial焊接金属weldmetal堆焊金属depositedmetal热影响区heataffectedzoneHAZ 接合区bondzone烧化flash熔核、点核nugget焊接缺陷 1 welddefects2 weldimperfection 未焊透incompletepenetration 未融合lackoffusion咬边undercut焊瘤overlap弧坑pit气泡blowhole夹渣slaginclusion鱼眼、白点fisheye弧坑crater钢steel特殊钢specialsteel合金钢alloysteel低合金钢lowalloysteel高合金钢highalloysteel不锈钢stainlesssteel马氏体钢martensiticsteel奥氏体钢austeniticsteel耐热钢heat-resistingsteel高强度钢hightensilesteel高韧性钢toughandhardsteel表面渗碳钢casehardeningsteel铸钢castiron特殊铸钢specialcaststeel铁iron铸铁castiron特殊铸铁specialcaststeel合金铸铁alloycastiron高级铸铁highgradecastiron球墨铸铁spherodialgraphiteiron可锻铸铁malleablecastiron铜copper青铜bronze特殊青铜specialbronze铝青铜aluminumbronze硅青铜siliconbronze磷青铜phosphorbronze黄铜brass铝黄铜aluminumbronze镀锡黄铜tinnedbrass白铜coppernickle镍铜合金nicklecopperalloy蒙乃尔合金Monelmetal铬镍铁合金Inconel耐热铬镍铁合金Incoloy20合金20alloy钨铬钻合金stellite铬化硼系化合物colmonoy耐磨金属anti-frictionmetal轴承合金bearingmetal巴氏合金babbitmetal白色金属whitemetal油膜轴承合金Kelmet钎料solder银钎料silversolder1.1热处理正火normalizing退火annealing扩散加热homogenizing完全退火fullanneling消除应力热处理stressreliefanneling低温退火lowtemperatureanneling 球化处理spherodizing中间退火、低温退火processannealing淬火quenching部分淬火differentialquenching 回火tempering调质refining恒温热处理isothermalheattreatment 低温处理sub-zerotreatment时效处理again人工硬化warmhardening固熔化处理solutionanneling冰水回水端CHRChillerReturn冰水送水端CHSChillerSupply冷却水COOLINGWATER压缩机COMPRESSOR冷凝器CONDENSERCOND冷却水泵CWPCondenserWaterPump冷却水送水端CWS冷却水回水端CWR露点温度DEWPOINTDP分流阀DIVERTINGVALVE流量计FLOWMETERFM流量开关FLOWSWITCHFS湿度HUIMIDITY热水回水端HWRHotWaterRefurn热水送水端HWSHotWaterSupply手动MANUAL压力PRESSURE电磁阀SOLENOLDVALVE温度TEMPERATURE三通THREEWAY二通TWOWAY阀VALVE区域泵二次泵ZPZONEPUMP差压压力表P/DP温度差T自动AUTO热量计英热单位BTUMETER蝶阀BVButterflyValve空气流量每分钟立方英尺CFMCubicFlowMinute冰水泵CHPChillerPump冰水回水端CHRChillerReturn 冰水送水端CHSChillerSupply 冷却水送水端CWS冷却水回水端CWR螺栓冷紧boltcoldtightening 升降式止回阀liftcheckvalve 衬里止回阀LiningCheckValves。
工艺管道英文代号及缩写石油天然气工艺管道安装常用英语缩写：大小头同心无缝1、SWAGED NIPPLE CONC SMLS.2、BLE/PSE：Beveled Large End/Plain Small End 大端开破口/小端平端3、PE/PE、PBE、BLE/PSE、BSE/PLE：平端/平端、两端平端、大端开破口/小端平端、小端开破口/大端平端4、ELBOW 90 DEG LR BW SMLS.：弯头90度长半径（R=1.5DN）对焊无缝5、PIPE SMLS PE/BE：无缝管平口/坡口6、GASKET FLAT RING：垫圈平面环形7、compressed asbestos fiber jointing sheet：石棉胶板8、SPECTACLE BLIND：8字盲板9、STUDBOLT ALLOY STEEL：双头螺栓合金钢10、SR ：短半径（R=1.0DN）11、Mild Steel 软钢; 低碳钢软钢丝12、Mild Steel Arc Welding Electrode 低碳钢焊条13、Mild Steel Channel 槽钢14、Mild Steel Checkered Plate 花纹钢板15、Mild Steel Equal Angle 等边角钢16、Mild Steel Expanded Sheets 钢板网17、Mild Steel Fire Box 软钢板火箱18、Mild Steel Hexagonal Bolts 六角螺丝梗19、Mild Steel Hexagonal Bolts And Nuts 六角螺丝闩20、Mild Steel I-Beam 低碳工字钢21、Mild Steel Ingot 低碳钢锭22、Mild Steel Plate 软钢板23、Mild Steel Reinforcement (含钢量0.12--0.25%) 软钢钢筋24、Mild Steel Shank 软钢手柄25、Mild Steel Sheet 软钢皮26、TS：螺母（nut的复数）27、BOLT：螺栓28、FULL BORE：与管子等径的、直通式（Valve Ball, Full Bore 全通径球阀）：缩径（Valve Ball, Reduced/Regular Bore缩径球阀）29、REDUCED/REGULAR BORE30、SW ENDS / CARBON STEEL BODY / DIMS TO BS EN：承插焊/碳钢阀体/尺寸按照英国及欧洲标准31、RF FLANGED ENDS：凸面法兰连接（表示阀门连接形式）32、TEE EQUAL：等径三通33、SOCKOLET：承插支管台34、THREBOLET：螺纹支管台35、常见阀门连接面英文表示：⑴ LUGGED ------>凸耳对夹式的,法门的一种结构形式.一般用于大直径的止回阀或蝶阀,属于对夹连接的一个变种,要配对法兰.连接螺栓要加长⑵ RING TYPE JOINT------>环连接面,这是法兰密封面的类型,一般这样写要法兰的.⑶ SOCKET WELD------>承插焊连接,不需法兰⑷ THREADED---->螺纹连接,不要法兰⑸ WAFER------>对夹式连接,类似于凸耳的,也是一种阀门的结构形式,属于FLANGELESS 阀门,阀门本体没有法兰,但是要有配对法兰连接.螺栓要加长⑹ BUTTERWELD/THREADED------>对焊/罗纹.都不要法兰,一般是用于描述小阀门,两端的连接形式不同的情况⑺ SOCKET WELD /THREADED--->承插焊/螺纹,都不要法兰,一般是用于描述小阀门,两端的连接形式不同的情况36、VALVE GATE / SOLID WEDGE：闸阀/整体楔形闸板：行业标准37、MANUFACTURERS STANDARD38、union：通常指的是活接头，也就是老师傅常说的“油印”；nipple：一般是指用于软管站连接软管的接头，连接方式为多样（焊接／丝接／法兰连接）；pipe：一般就指短管，其中的couple特指两头带法兰的短管连接，即俗称的“车轱辘管”。
.项目建议概况资格qualification预备资格prequalification商务条款与条件commercial terms and condition商务commercial技术technical技术说明technical specification建议书proposal book资料费information price估价estimated price报价quoted price报价书quotation2 报价资料工艺说明process descri ption工艺特点process feature经验记载experience record工艺特性process performance设备表equipment list说明规定规格specification简要说明short specification条件图sketch drawing流程图flow diagram平衡图balance diagram方框图block diagramP&I 图P&I diagram单线图single line diagram布置图layout平面布置图plot plan总图general plot plan附件appendix资料文件document3. 合同技术用语保证guarantee性能保证performance guarantee时间保证time guarantee交货保证delivery guarantee 建造保证workmanship guarantee生产能力capacity质量quality消耗量consumption原材料feedstock原料raw material辅助原料sub-raw material产品product付产品by-product中间产品intermediate公用工程utility燃料fuel化学品chemical界区battery limit（界区）进料incoming（界区）出料outgoing界区条件battery limits condition（配管图）分界区match line工厂装置plant设备equipment关键设备critical equipment专利设备proprietary equipment有位号设备itemized equipment 无位号设备non-itemized equipment散装材料bulk material施工材料material of construction仪表instrument备品备件spare part建筑工具construction aid（现场）居住设施accommodation现场派遣expatriate运转率on stream factor运转天数stream day系列train日历日calendar day日历月calendar month机械（试车）完工mechanical completion试车trial operation初次试车initial operation开车start up注油oil in投料fees in首次出料first drop保证试运转guarantee test run装置验收plant acceptance移交turnover议定书protocol4估估算estimate概算budgetary estimate推算slide幂指数power term（费用）分类,分项价格breakdown外汇foreign currency当地货币local currency可兑换货币convertible currency专利费license fee专利权税royalty变动专利权税running royalty专有技术费know-how fee基础设计费basic engineering fee代理费agent fee手续费commission不可预见费contingency外汇风险exchange risk 易货补偿compensation 直接费用direct cost 间接费用indirect cost 项目管理费project expense 现场管理费field expense 一般管理费overhead 利润profit 生活费living expense 出勤津贴dailyallowance （出差）准备费outfit allowance 劳务费labor cost 基本工资base wage 补偿费payroll burden 福利费fringe benefit5 可行性研究可行性feasibility现场选定site selection（现场）位置location 市场marketing 可获利润率profitability 生产成本production cost 经营费operation cost 可变成本variable cost 不变成本fixed cost 总投资total capital cost 折旧费depreciation 现金流量cash flow 折现现金流量discount cash flow 工况研究case study 产权资本,自有资金equity 建设资本利息interest during construction6 业务范现场勘测site survey工艺设计process design基础设计basic engineering基础设计包basic design package详细设计detail engineering采购procurement海运ocean transportation陆运inland transportation安装erection work土建工作civil work施工construction work临时工作temporary work投料试车commissioning培训training（现场）指导supervisory service顾问advisor service初步设计preliminary project最终设计final project基础设施infrastructure上部结构superstructure软件software硬件hardware7 工厂分类与设计处女地工厂grass root plant总厂integral plant分厂single plant成套装置package plant翻版（设计）厂copy plant生产厂commercial plant中试工厂pilot plant实验室规模装置bench scale unit石化总厂petrochemical complex下游（厂） downstream（工业）放大scale-up扩建expansion改建、更改modification镜象布置mirror image设计余量over design降负荷运转turndown消除瓶颈Debottlenecking工厂模型plant model8设备工艺装置process plant装置区内on site装置区外off site界区内inside battery limit界区外outside battery limit公用工程设施utility facility贮存设施storage facility辅助设施auxiliary facility衔接interconnection主变电所main substation发电设施power generation facility事故发电设备emergency power generation facility 水处理装置water treatment facility冷却塔cooling tower抽水设施water intake facility海水淡化装置desalination facility蒸汽发生装置steam generation facility仪表空气发生装置instrument gas generation facility 惰性气发生装置inert gas generation facility空分装置air separation facility罐区tank yard散装贮藏设备bulk storage facility包装机械bagging facility制袋设备bag making facility装瓶设备bottling facility装货设施loading facility卸货设施unloading facility铁路侧线railway siding栈桥jetty行政办公楼administration building维修车间maintenance shop中央化验室central laboratory内部通用设施intercommunication facility广播系统public address system询呼设施paging facility消防设施fire fighting facility安全器具safety equipment 生活设施colony公用设施town-shop娱乐设施recreation facility9 相关企承包商contractor主承包商prime contractor 分包商subcontractor直接雇佣direct hire专利商licenser转专利者sub-licenser专利使用者licensee专利拥有者patent-owner 竞争者competitor国际财团consortium合作者collaborator买方(1)buyer (2)purchaser卖方seller厂商vendor制造商(1)maker (2)manufacture业主owner顾问consultant技术顾问Technical adviser用户User最终用户End user客户(1)customer (2)client代理商agent挂名人dummy2. 投标合同2.1 投标概况询价inquiry报价估价书quotation estimation投标投标书bid tender投标资料bid document预审pre-qualification意向书letter of intent2.2 合同用语协议agreement合同契约contract注销cancellation约定Consideration合同转让Assignment of contract不可抗力force majeure仲裁attribution基本法governing law秘密条款(1)secrecy clause (2)non-disclosure clause 预定损坏赔偿费liquidated damages总赔偿额度total liability连带(债务) joint and several预先债权lien免除waiver保证guaranty担保warranty赔偿indemnity定义definition增额escalation罚款penalty支付条款terms of payment税金tax and duties侵犯专利patent infringement最高限额ceiling委任书power of attorney保证金bond2.3 合同形式投标合同competitive bid contract议付合同negotiated contractFOB 合同fob-type contract成套承包合同(1)turnkey contract ( 交钥匙合同) (2)chef montage contract总付合同lump sum price contract单价契约unit price contract正价加附加费合同cost plus fee contract预投标协议pre-bid agreement产品抵债products sharing互购交易counter-purchase transaction3. 支付金融财务3.1 支付金融支付条款支付条件payment terms延期付款deferred payments存留款项保留资金retention payment定期付款schedule payment施工分期付款progressive payment付款交单D/P documents against payment承兑交单调D/A documents against acceptance信贷信用credit卖方信贷供应商信贷supplier ' s credit买方信贷buyer 's credit银行借贷bank loan财政金融finance借款借贷loan偿还reimburse reimbursement保证书letter of guarantee信用证信贷书letter of credit外汇兑换率exchange rate兑换单汇款单据documentary bill of exchange 汇款汇兑基金remittance3.2 财务自然增长基数accrual basis资产负债表决算表balance sheet 损益报表P&L profit and loss statement4. 采购运输保险4.1 进出口手续出口许可证export license出口许可证变更E/L amendCOCOM coordinating committee标准结算方法standard payment 非标准结算方法non-standard paymentDBC draw back cargo(dbc)出口申报银行export declaration bank e/d进口申报单export declaration custom进口许可证import license保税区域bonded area关税import duty原产地说明书certificate of origin发票Invoice4.2 运输装箱单packing list提单bill of lading (B/L)指示提单order B/L直接提单straight B/L装运提单shipped B/L, on board B/L备运提单received B/L不附带条件的提单clean B/L不洁提单dirty B/L, foul B/L直运提单direct B/L联运提单through B/L船上收货单mate' s receipt装货通知单shipping order (S/O)交货单delivery order (D/O)空运货单airway bill海上运费ocean freight海上运费同盟freight conference目的地付费freight payable at destination码头人工搬运费stevedorage空载运费dead freight船到港预定时间expected time of arrival (ETA) 船离港预定时间expected time of departure (ETD) 海关快速发货custom quick despatch (CQD)滞船费demurrage码头搬运商stevedore超尺寸运输over-dimension cargo (ODC)4.3 保险海上保险marine cargo insurance现场指导失误保险supervisor ' s risk insurance4.4 贸易条件出厂价(1)ex works (2)ex factory (3)ex mill海上交货fob-named port of shipment含保险海上交货cif-named port of destination国境交货条件franco frontier4.5 采购采购procurement厂家vendor厂家一览表vendor list市场价market price黑市价dark price现价up-to-date price level报价quotation偏差表deviation list到货时间time of delivery支付方式(1)terms of payment (2)payment condition (3)payment terms延缓支付deferred payment现金支付cash on delivery预先支付down payment发货前支付advance payment到货后支付progress payment计划支付scheduled payment购买条件terms and conditions of purchase折价discount谈判交涉negotiation澄清clarification购买意向intent to purchase比较表tabulation评语evaluation价格分析value analysis定购单purchase order变更定购单change order支付方式method of payment现金cash支票check期票promissory note催货expediting跟踪系统follow-up system4.6 包装包装packing防锈包装rust-proof packing防潮湿包装moisture-proof packing防水包装water-proof packing软包装shrink packing木箱wooden box板条箱crate滑橇底座skid base框架箱framed box码垛盘pallet侧板side plate吊具sling fitting花篮螺栓turnbuckle钢带steel strapping角保护袋edge protector closure plate防护角corner protector板board合板plywood缓冲材料cushioning material通气孔盖ventilation cover超载superimposed load开包unpacking船上标志shipping mark注意标志care mark5. 项目执行及费用管理5.1 项目执行总图会议kick-off meeting项目研究会议project study meeting开工会议launching meeting项目报告project reporting审查会议screening meeting进展报告progress report协调过程coordination procedure变更指示change order认可approval复阅review5.2 工程项目完工报告job close-out report项目执行报告job performance report完工汇编close-out book反馈系统feed back system项目设计条件project design information会签inter-department check工程设计engineering design工艺条件确认engineering review工艺条件校核engineering checking项目完成指标审核表project performance check sheet 施工版approved for construction (afc)设计变更error report技术文件technical data book管道材料工艺条件process data for piping material载荷条件loading data关键路径法critical path method关键路径进度表critical path schedulingPERT program evaluation and review technique5.3 费用及工时管理工程预算project control budget工时man-hour (M/H)工日man-day (M/D)人月man-month (M/N)考勤表time sheet工作号work number项目号job number预期项目号proposal number改进工作improvement work闲滞idle工时报告man-hour report项目工时汇总job man-hour performance report5.4 费用分类费用分类code of account主账major account分账sub-account设备位号item number5.5 组织指定assign借调on-loan项目成员project number项目经理project manager (PM)项目经理助理assistant project manager (APM) 施工经理construction manager (CM)开工经理operation manager (OM)现场指挥field manger项目前期经理proposal manager估算员estimator原始采购员originator协调员coordinator项目设计协调员project design coordinator (PDC)6. 标准化资料管理法规规格6.1 标准化标准化standardization标准规格standard工程规定engineer specification项目特殊要求specific job requirement工程手册engineering manual标准图standard drawing工程用表格engineering form法规law and regulation法律law6.2 资料管理情报管理information and documentation信息中心information center调研（追述） retrospective searching信息选择服务selective dissemination of information 情报跟踪current awareness检索效率retrieval efficiency资料documents原文献primary sources文献摘抄secondary sources连载刊物serials定期刊物periodieals（学会）纪要memoirs会报transactions会议论文conference paper会议记录proceedings索引期刊index journal文摘期刊abstract journal情报摘要information abstract提示文稿indicative abstract图书目录book catalog标题目录title catalog总目录union catalog标准目录standard catalog关键词keyword省略词stopwordKWIC 索引keyword-in-context index KWOC 索引keyword-out-of-context index顺序索引permuted index相关索引coordinate index主题分析subject analysis统计分类statistical classification国际十进分类法universal decimal classification阅读卡片visible card书卡book card档案系统filing system微缩复制microcopy微缩系统micro-system穿孔卡夹aperture card微缩胶片fiche film6.3 法规高压气体取缔法high pressure gas control law消防法fire service law劳动安全卫生法industry safety and health law建筑基本法building standard law单位制system of units国际单位制international system of units系统图、设备布置图、配管图及材料统计7 图纸、条件表工艺流程图Process flow diagram(PFD)管道仪表流程图Process piping & instrument flow diagram(PID) 公用工程流程图Utility balance diagram(UFD)框图Block flow diagram公用工程介质平衡图Utility balance diagram(UBD)平面布置图Plot plan立面布置图General arrangement总图General plot plan规划图Planning drawing管道研究图Piping study drawing管道布置图(配管图) Piping arrangement drawing分区图Key plan管道走向研究图Piping routing study drawing地下管道图Underground piping drawing管道特殊管件图Piping special parts drawing管架详图Piping hanging drawing预制图Prefabrication drawing参考图Reference drawing通用图Typical drawing制造厂图Vendor' s drawing管道轴测图Isometric piping drawing竣工图As-built drawing模型Model管线表Line schedule计算书Calculation sheet图纸目录Drawing schedule发图阶段Issue stage版次Revision number编号体系Numbering system比例Scale工厂北向Plant north海平面标高Over-sea mean level(OSL)标高Elevation(EL)已有钢结构Existing structure装货区Loading area公用工程站Utility station柱号Column number净空headroom通道Access way小通道Cat way钢结构顶部标高Top of structure elevation管底标高Bottom of piping elevation主管口径Run size顶平偏心异径管Eccentric reducer top flat中心到面的距离Center to face工作点标高Working point elevation管架标注Hanging marking冷拉Cold spring管线记号Line symbol管线接口Line connection物流号Stream NO.管线号Line NO.管道等级号(1) class designation (2) spec designation阀门号Valve NO.等级分界Specification break重要管道Critical piping总管Header pipe仪表管道Instrument piping排放管道Blowdown piping火炬气管道Flare piping输送管线Transfer line入口管线Suction line排水管Effluent line旁通管Bypass line吹扫系统Purge system放空接口Vent connection软管接口Hose connection双切断阀及排放阀Double block and bleeder污水沟Sewer ditch冷凝液池Condensate pit积水坑Sump box漏斗Drip funnel管段Spool piece垫环Space ring限流孔板Restriction orifice流量喷嘴Flow nozzle液体混合用三通Mixing tee喷头Spray nozzle粗滤器Strainer临时粗滤器Temporary strainer疏水阀Steam trap爆破膜Rupture disk蒸汽伴热管道Steam-traced piping夹套管道Jacketed piping地下管道Underground piping管道要素钢管Steel pipe螺纹端管Threaded pipe法兰端管Flanged pipe锻制的Swage光滑弯管Smooth bendU 型弯管U-bend弯管Bending pipe波纹管膨胀节Expansion bellows柔性管Flexible pipe管件接头Pipe fitting joint机械连接Mechanical joint活套连接Lapped joint环行垫连接Ring type joint扩口接头Flare type joint非扩口接头Flareless type joint承插连接Bell and spigotVictaulic 接头Victaulic joint弯头Elbow异径管Reducer管接头Coupling活接头Union短管Nipple法兰Flange配对法兰Companion flange法兰盖Blind flange异径法兰Reducing flange八字盲板(1) spectacle blind (2) reversible blind 平板式法兰Plate flange带颈法兰Hubbed flange对焊法兰Welding flange松套法兰Loose flange管端突缘Stub end法兰面Flange face垫片沟槽Gasket groove满平面Full face突面Raised face大准槽面Large tongue and groove face双凹凸面Double male & female face大凹凸面Large male & female face金属垫片Metallic gasket非金属垫片Non-metallic gasketO 型环Semi-metallic gasket透视垫O-ring对焊Lens ring承插焊接Butt weld滑套焊接Socket weld焊接支管台Slip-on weld插入环Insert ring管帽Cap材料表Bill of material材料统计Take-off管段表Line bill of material估算汇总表Estimation summary sheet备品备件表Spare parts list报价单Quotation sheet订货表Purchase order schedule材料汇总表Bill of material summary状态报告Status report分布报告Distribution report价格、重量一览表Cost & weight summary 价格、重量汇总表Cost & weight total定货管理表Order control管道材料管理表Piping material control sheet元件代码Item code标记号Tag number标准形态Standard shape轴测图Isometric drawing管线号Line reference批号Batch reference管子下料表Piping cutting list制作件表Fabrication parts list组装件表Erection part list固定架Anchor滑动架Resting support导向架Guide限位架Directional stop减振架Dampener支架Support管托Shoe保冷管托cradle鞍座Saddle耳轴Trunnion吊架Hanger刚性吊架Rigid hanger弹簧吊架Spring hanger恒力吊架Constant hanger阀门Valve截止阀Globe valve闸阀Gate valve针行阀Needle valve球阀Ball valve止回阀Check valve隔膜阀Diaphragm valve三通阀Three-way valve角阀Angle valve蝶阀Butterfly valve旋塞阀Cock伸长杆操作Extension stem-operation链操作Chain-operated齿轮操作Gear-operated扳手操作Wrench-operated电动操作Motor-operated阀芯Trim阀盖Bonnet焊接支管Weld branch偏置Offset焊缝根部间隙Weld root gap现场调整后再下料和焊接Cut and weld after adjusting坡度Slope工作点Working point管架说明Notes for piping hanging部门间校核版Interdepartmental check print平端Plain end坡口端Beveled管道联接图Piping hook-up drawing管道图说明Notes for piping drawing标题栏Title block询价单Piping requisition sheet8 配管及一般设备设计8.1 保温、保冷绝热Insulation设备绝热表Equipment insulation schedule绝热符号Insulation code保温设计Design of cold insulation正常操作所用的保温Insulation for stable operating 人身防护Personnel protection防火层Fire-proofing防结露Anti-sweat防冻Winterizing防音Sound protection保温材料Hot insulation material保冷材料Cold insulation material石棉asbestos硅藻土Diatomaceous earth岩棉Rock wool玻璃棉Glass wool碳酸镁Magnesium carbonate硅酸铝Calcium silicate珍珠岩Perlite软木板Cork boards毛毡Hair felt泡沫聚氨酯Foam polystyrene硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯Rigid foam urethane硬泡沫橡胶Rigid foam rubber玛碲脂Mastic耐磨损材料Anti-abrasion coating material管壳Lagging cloth铁丝网Hexagonal wire netting填缝材料Caulking material保护层(1) jacketing sheet (2) cover sheet波纹铝板Corrugated aluminum sheet 有色镀锌钢板Precoated galvanized sheet搭板Butt strapZ 型接头Z-joint防腐、涂漆色标Colour-code孟塞尔色系Munsell notation管道识别色Identification of piping system防腐层External coating油漆Paint清漆Varnish防腐漆(1) anti-corrosive paint (2) rush-proof paint含铝漆Aluminum paint底漆Primer耐酸漆Acid-proof paint耐碱漆Alkali-proof paint耐热漆Heat-resisting paint测温漆Thermo-paint绝缘漆Insulating varnish表面处理Surface preparation涂漆painting阴极保护Cathodic protection振动解析机械振动Mechanical vibration自由振动Free vibration强制振动Forced vibration自励振动Self-excited vibration固有频率Natural frequency固有周期Natural period波谷Loop波峰Node正弦振动Sinusoidal oscillation非线性振动Non-linear oscillation阻尼振动Damped vibration临界阻尼Critical damping衰减系数(1) attenuation (2) decay coefficient (3) decay factor共振Resonance扭曲振动Torsional vibration挠性振动Flexural vibration极限速度Critical speed固有值Characteristic value临界条件Boundary condition弹簧系数Spring constant惯性矩Moment of inertia回转半径Radius of gyration振动吸收装置Dynamic vibration absorber液压减振器Hydraulic damper弹簧减振器(1) spring dampener (2) spring damper油压锁定Oil lock耐振设计固有振动方式Natural frequency mode卓越周期Predominant period基本周期First natural frequency横波Transverse wave纵波Longitudinal wave相对位移Relative displacement质量比Mass ratio静解析法Static method修正静解析法Corrected static method动解析法Modal analysis时历响应解析法Time history response analysis 设计响应光谱Design response spectrum 加速响应光谱Acceleration response spectrum 地板响应光谱Floor response spectrum标准响应光谱Standard response spectrum加速响应增幅比Acceleration response amplitude ratio刚性结构Rigid structure柔性结构Flexible structure长周期结构Long-period structure刚性框架Rahmen rigid frame地震波Earthquake accelerogram位移量记录Displacement record设计地震Design earthquake设计震度Design seismic coefficient地震Earthquake震源距离Distance to centrum震中距离Distance to epicenter震级Magnitude地震波显示仪Seismoscope地震仪Seismograph耐震等级Seismic class基岩Base rock应力分析外力External force内力Internal force反作用力Reaction force力偶Couple of force弯矩Bending moment扭矩Twist moment应力Stress弯曲应力Bending stress扭曲应力Torsional stress圆周应力Hoop stress峰值应力Peak stress一次应力Primary stress二次应力Secondary stress轴向应力Axial stress重复应力Repeated stress脉动应力Pulsating stress交变应力Alternating stress应变Strain应变能Strain energy主应力Principal stress主应力理论Principal stress theory最大剪切应力理论Maximum shearing stress theory 残余应力Residual stress热应力Thermal stress热破坏Thermal shock疲劳Fatigue疲劳曲线S-N diagram疲劳极限(1) fatigue limit (2) endurance limit腐蚀疲劳Corrosion fatigue蠕变Creep蠕变疲劳Creep fatigue尺寸效应Size effect应力集中系数Coefficient of stress concentration 形状系数Shape coefficient缺口系数Notch factor应力强度系数Stress intensity factor 几何惯性矩Geometrical moment of inertia断面系数Modulus of section断面极惯性矩Polar moment of inertia of area 杨氏模量Young' s modulus横向弹性系数Modulus of transverse elasticity 体积弹性系数Modulus of volumetric elasticity泊松比Poissor ' s ratio弹性极限Elastic limit屈服点Yield point拉伸强度Tensile strength伸长Elongation永久变形Permanent set弹性Flexibility弹性分析Elastic analysis弹性屈服Elastic buckling塑性Plasticity塑变滞后Plasticity hysteresis极限分析Limit analysis弹塑性分析Elastic-plastic analysis疲劳分析Fatigue analysis有限元法Finite element method静荷载Dead load流体流动水锤Water hammer急关Rapid closure缓关Slow closure冲击波Shock closure液压振动Acoustic vibration of liquid flow脉动Pulsation flow两相流Two-phase flow气压振动Acoustic vibration卡门涡街Karman eddies颤动Fluttering气蚀cavitation噪音噪音(1) noise (2) undesired sound听力范围Auditory sensation area掩蔽Masking背景噪音Background noise声强Sound intensity声压Sound pressure声压值Sound pressure level噪声值(1) noise level (2) sound level 噪声计Sound level meter听觉校正回路Weighting network音平Soundness level音能Sound power音能值Sound power level总体值Overall level90% 范围90% range中间值MedianNR 数Noise rating number频率分析器Frequency analyzer倍频器Octave band1/3 的倍频带1/3 octave band波段值Band level音场Sound field方向性Directivity方向系数Directivity factor衍射Diffraction声源Sound source房间常数Room constant吸音率Sound absorption coefficient穿透率Transmission coefficient穿透损失Transmission loss质量原理Mass law设计条件操作压力Operating pressure最高操作压力Maximum operating pressure 操作温度Operating temperature最高操作温度Maximum operating temperature 温度基准Base temperature腐蚀裕度Corrosion allowance许容应力Allowable stress安全系数Safety factor地理条件Geological conditions9. 塔、槽、换热器、加热炉9.1 图面用语设备表vessel schedule工程图engineering drawing管口表(1)nozzle chart (2)nozzle schedule管口方位nozzle orientation予焊件图clip schedule切线tangent line(TL)焊缝线weld line(WL)参照线working line(WL)基准线base line9.2 容器容器vessel塔tower自支承塔self-supported tower板式塔tray tower填料塔packed tower喷淋塔spray tower槽、罐drum贮罐tank球罐(1)spherical tank (2)ball tank浮顶罐floating roof tank锥顶罐cone roof tank拱顶罐dome roof tank双壁罐double wall tank湿式气柜wet gas holder 干式气柜dry gas holder料仓(1)silo (2)bin料斗hopper9.3 内件内件internals塔盘tray泡罩塔盘bubble cap tray 筛板塔盘perforated tray 浮阀塔盘valve tray单流向式塔盘uni-flux tray 波纹塔盘ripple tray塔盘板deck溢流堰weir降液管downcomer密封槽seal pot取液槽draw-off pot密封盘seal pan塔盘支承环tray support ring 鲍尔环Pall ring泪孔weep hole填料packing拉希环Rasching ring矩鞍形填料intalox saddle 分布器distributor除沫器demister进料挡板feed deflecter 防涡流挡板vortex breaker内筒cartridge9.4 主要附属品壳体shell变颈段reducing section封头head椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head碟形封头(1)dished head (2)torispherical head 半球形封头hemispherical head椎形封头conical head平封头flat head加强圈reinforcing ring夹套jacket人孔manhole手孔hand hole检查孔inspection hole接管nozzle凸缘pad nozzle锻制接管forged nozzle补强板reinforcing pad信号孔tell-tale hole容器支座vessel support裙座skirt支腿leg支耳support lug底座base block基础环base ring筋板gusset plate压环compression ring鞍座saddle模板template通道acess opening套管pipe sleeve连结板lug予焊件clip接地板earth lug吊耳lifting lug平台platform梯子ladder保温支承insulation support吊柱davit人孔绞链manhole hinge放空口vent nozzle呼吸阀breather valve计量口gauge hatch9.5 换热器换热器heat exchanger换热面积heat transfer area总传热系数overall heat transfer coefficient境膜传热系数film coefficient对数平均温差logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMTD) 平均温差mean temperature difference(MTD)污垢系数fouling factor布管图tube arrangement三角形排列triangular arrangement转角三角形排列rotated triangular arrangement正方形排列square arrangement转角正方形排列rotated square arrangement最大布管图outside tube limit管壳式换热器sheet and tube heat exchanger 固定管板式换热器fixed tube sheet heat exchanger浮头式换热器floating head type heat exchangerU 形管式换热器U-tube type heat exchanger釜式换热器kettle type heat exchanger套管式换热器double tube type heat exchanger冲洗式冷却器irrigation cooler蛇管式换热器coil type heat exchanger插管式换热器bayonet type heat exchanger板式换热器plate type heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral heat exchanger夹套式换热器jacket type heat exchanger石墨换热器graphite heat exchanger空冷式换热器air-cooled heat exchanger换热管tube折流板baffle plate管箱channel分程隔板pass partition plate浮头floating head防冲挡板impingement baffle管束tube bundle管板tube sheet管子与管板的连接tube-to-tube sheet joint管接头ferrule9.6 加热炉加热炉direct-fired heater热负荷(1)heat duty (2)heat release热损失heat loss加热炉效率efficiency of heater热流率heat flux管壁温度tube skin temperature体积热负荷volumetric heat release辐射段radiant section对流段convection section屏蔽段shield section坝墙bridge wall暴露墙exposed wall屏蔽墙shielded wall管支承tube support炉管(1)heater tube (2)furnace tube扩大表面管extended surface tube 联箱(1)header (2)header box回弯头return bend管群间连接管crossover通风draft烟道flue(烟道)挡板damper烟囱stack烧嘴burner过量空气excess air风箱wind box观察孔(1)observation door (2)peep door检修孔access door防爆门explosion door吹灰器soot blower油漆清车导轨painter trolley陶瓷纤维ceramic fiber耐火砖fire brick保温耐火砖insulation fire brick保温板insulation board可铸耐火材料castable衬里支撑linking anchor炉壁横梁lintel膨胀节expansion joint10. 转动机械10.1 转动机械轴shaft轴承bearing轴承箱bearing housing联轴节shaft coupling滑轮pulleyV 形皮带(三角皮带) V-belt转动设备turning equipment润滑lubrication润滑油(1) lubricating oil (2)lube oil密封seal轴封shaft seal填料函packing填料箱stuffing box油膜密封oil film seal油封seal oil机械密封mechanical seal齿轮gear曲轴crankshaft连杆connecting rod十字头crosshead气缸cylinder缸套cylinder liner气缸阀cylinder value活塞piston金属填料metallic packing予埋板soleplate基座baseplate柱塞plunger箱体(壳体) casing转子rotor平衡活塞balance piston迷宫密封labyrinth叶轮impeller轴套sleeve耐磨环wearing ring灯笼环(1)latern ring (2)seal cage10.2 转动机械性能轴动力(1)shaft power (2)brake horsepower 额定制动马力rated brake horsepower齿轮传动损失gear loss机械效率mechanical efficiency机械损失mechanical loss额定转数rated speed最大连续转数maximum continuous speed旋转油膜oil whirl临界速度critical speed顺时针clockwise转矩torque起动转矩starting torque性能performance特性characteristics压头head液压功率hydraulic horsepower活塞位移piston displacement体积效率volumetric efficiency显示图indicator diagram压力脉冲率pressure pulsation ratio10.3 泵泵pump泵效率pump efficiency气蚀cavitation气蚀系数cavitation coefficient净正吸入压头net positive suction head 离心泵centrifugal pump混流泵（斜流泵）mixed-flow pump轴流泵axial pump容量泵displacement type pump往复泵（活塞泵）reciprocating pump旋转泵rotary pump再生泵regenerative pump底阀foot valve10.4 压缩机，风机等压缩机compressor压缩机效率compressor efficiency往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 间隙容积clearance volumn隙囊clearance pocket减压器unloader离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 轴面压缩机axial compressor涡轮压缩机turbocompressor鼓风机blower风机fan涡轮式鼓风机turboblower涡轮风机turbofan多叶片风机multi-blade fan旋桨式风机propeller fan罗茨鼓风机（1）roots blower （2）two-lobe blower 螺杆式压缩机screw compressor湍振surging中间冷却器intercooler后冷却器（二次冷却器）aftercooler缓冲器snubber10.5 透平透平turbine冲动式透平impulse turbine 反作用式透平reaction turbine 凝汽式透平condensing turbine 抽气式透平extraction turbine 背压式透平backpressure turbine 透平效率turbineefficiency 调速器governor 速度范围speed range 速度调节阀speedgoverning valve 应急调速器emergencygovernor 跳闸速度(应急速度限) tripspeed 应急阀trip valve 操纵阀sentinelvalve10.6 冷冻机冷冻机refrigerator仪器仪表常用词汇英语翻译pH 计pH meter - @) D% x ) U' G9 QX 射线衍射仪X-ray diffractometer 8 S! ?, P+ u; sX 射线荧光光谱仪X-ray fluorescence spectrometer 力测量仪表force measuring instrument 孔板orifice plate ; o- y. o! r# l) _0 |+ n. h. ?文丘里管venturi tube 1 Q/ ?7 I* b5 i" E水表water meter 加速度仪accelerometer : ]3 Y" F # ~) E- }! E 可编程序控制器programmable controller 6 x0 W. x - K) }4 L6 Y3 a 平衡机balancing machine 皮托管Pitot tube -一皮带秤belt weigher光线示波器light beam oscillograph 光学高温计optical pyrometer 化工技术论坛optical microscope 光谱仪器optical spectrum 赠人玫瑰手有余香5 h+ I) S: G p6 V5 x 光学显微镜instrument 吊车秤crane weigher 地中衡platform weigher字符图形显示器character and graphic display 位移测量仪表displacement measuring instrument 巡迴检测装置data logger波纹管bellows长度测量工具dimensional measuring instrument 化工技术论坛赠人玫瑰手有余香 d. M: C6 P1 X 长度传感器linear transducer …瑰-.…厚度计thickness gauge差热分析仪differential thermal analyzer , K: R2 o3 Y8 x. H 6 G6 T扇形磁场质谱计sector magnetic field mass spectrometer 料斗秤hopper weigher。
