研究生综合英语翻译答案

Unit 1 1. Through language we can share experiences, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. 1. 通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识和传承文化。

2. Metaphor is an implicit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common. 2. 暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些共同之处的事物联系在一起。

3. In fact, the skillful use of supporting materials often makes the difference between a good speech and a poor one. 3. 实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。

4. To be more effective, though, the examples you cite for your speech should be vivid and richly textured. 4. 为了使表达更加富有效果，你演说中的举例应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。

5. Extended examples — often called illustrations, narratives, or anecdotes — are longer and more detailed. 5. 扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。

6. Hypothetical examples describe imaginary situations and can be quite effective for relating ideas to the audience. 6. 虚拟性的例子描述想像中的情形，能够十分有效地将演说者的思想传达给听众。

7. Statistics can be extremely helpful in conveying your message, as long as you use them sparingly and explain them so they are meaningful to your audience. 7. 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。

8. Citing the views of people who are experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. 引用那些权威的观点对于增加演说者观点的可信度来说是一种好方法。

9. Words are the tools of a speaker's craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. 9. 语言是演说者展示才能的工具。对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样，语言也有特殊的功用。

10. There are four basic methods of delivering a speech: reading verbatim from a manuscript, reciting a memorized text, speaking with PowerPoint, and speaking extemporaneously or impromptu. 10. 演说的表达方式基本上有四种：通读手稿中的段落，复述背诵过的一段文章，幻灯片辅助的演说，即兴发挥的演说。

Unit 2 1. The costs of energy — including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts — detract from human well-being. 1. 人类为利用能源所付出的代价却削弱了能源为其带来的利益，这种代价不但包括为获取和利用能源所投入的资金和其他资源，而且包含了能源开发和利用所产生的环境影响和社会政治影响。 2. Inadequacy of energy resources or (more often) of the technologies and organizations for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience, deprivation and constraints on growth. 2. 能源资源不足或者（更经常）开采、加工和分配这些资源所需技术与机构不足，会影响能源给人类带来利益，并意味着能源生产增长遭到干扰、损害或限制。

3. One key determinant of the answer is the staggering scale of energy demand brought forth by 100 years of unprecedented population growth, coupled with an equally remarkable growth in per capita demand of industrial energy forms. 3. 回答这个问题的一个关键因素是过去100年以来前所未有的人口增长所带来的对能源需求的激增以及相同规模的人均工业能源需求的增长。

4. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society's needs. 4. 但这些资源转化成电力或液体燃料，以满足社会需求，均需经过技术复杂、成本昂贵的转化过程。

5. In the case of air pollution from fossil fuels, in which the dominant threat to public health is thought to be particulates formed from sulfur dioxide emissions, a consensus on the number of deaths caused by exposure has proved impossible. 5. 以矿物燃料造成的空气污染为例，一般认为其对大众健康的主要危害是由排放的二氧化硫形成的微粒，但接触这种污染空气究竟会导致多少人死亡，却无法取得一致意见。

6. For both resources, the very size of the uncertainty is itself a significant liability. 6. 无论是核电还是火电，其对人类的危害都无法确定，这本身就是一大憾事。

7. Nevertheless, enough is known to suggest they portend even larger damage to human well-being. 7. 然而，根据已有认识足以判断这种威胁对人类利益造成的损失将会更大。

8. Energy supply, both industrial and traditional, is responsible for a striking share of the environmental impacts of human activity. 8. 无论是工业形式还是传统家庭的能源利用，在人类活动破坏环境的过程中均占有很大比重。

9. Of all environmental problems, the most threatening, and in many respects the most intractable, is global climate change. 9. 在诸多环境问题中，对人类威胁最大、在许多情况下却又最让人类无计可施的是全球气候变化。

10. The only other external cost that might match the devastating impact of global climate change is the risk of causing or aggravating large-scale military conflict. 10. 其他唯一能够同全球气候变化所造成的灾难性影响相提并论的外化成本是日益恶化的大规模军事冲突。

Unit 3 1. He's the last guy you want to see in your rear-view mirror when you're speeding down the highway. 1. 他是你在高速公路上疾驰时最不愿意在后视镜里看见的人。

2. The bottom line, according to the research published in the June 28 issue of The Lancet, is that traffic tickets save lives. 2. 根据6月28日发表在《柳叶刀》上的研究，最根本的一点就是交通罚单能救命。