与翻译相关的专业术语汇总

一位翻译工作者收集的宝贝词汇on the job/in-service在职**disposable一次性**think tank智囊团**round the clock service全天候服务**(free) convertibility（自由）兑换**find a sugar daddy傍大款**Nordic北欧**non-renewable不可再生**out and out彻头彻尾**deadlock僵局**tertiary industry第三产业**fair (market) value市值**refund退款**axis-of-evil邪恶轴心**(nuclear) nonproliferation核不扩散**holistic整体的**one-off一次性（解决）的；一揽子的**turnkey总承包的；现成可使用的**in-house自有的；（in-house finance company) **round-up汇总？**overseas returnee海归**framework accord框架协议**WTO accession加入WTO**non-exclusive license非专用特许**royalty free无版权费的**sublicense转授权；转发许可证**creature comforts衣食**recapitalization资产重组**RPI（Retail Price Index）零售物价指数**overriding concern 高于一切的考虑**Lanyard系索**copyright著作权**royalty版权**compliance合规性**extension展期**co-lead underwriter 副主承销商**Advisory Board咨询委员会**Board of Councillors 理事会**entrepreneur创业者**upmarket高端的**attorney general首席检察官**upscale高端的**clientele客户群**self starter白手起家人**down round筹资首轮**mass market vs. submarket总的市场/次级市场（比如根据某个标准分的客户群）**letter/power of attorney委任书**market clout市场影响（？）**rehaul (a business)重组；**sell-back (与buy-out相对）**monograph专题（论述）**verbatim逐字逐句的说法（比如销售“定式”用语）**Liquidity Trap流动性陷阱（宁愿把资金存放于银行拿取零利息的回报，也不愿再投资赔了）**many a little makes a mickle集腋成裘**reservist后备兵**at eleventh hours关键时刻**misnomer用词不当**payoff收益**outperform超过**bailout解决；救援（for instance, the bailout from IMF for South Korea and other SE Asian countries after financial crisis)**honor of N/R (notes receivable)/dishonor到期兑现**political cronies政府人员办的关联企业**value-based pricing价值导向定价法（区别于cost-based pricing，指能为客户带来多少价值来确定价格，而不是消耗了多少成本，比如飞机票)**clearinghouse like exchange（交换场所）**value of synergy企业兼并之后带来的利益**post-investment values（注意post的用法）**techie做技术的人（与salesman相对）**on-target专注于最终目标的**optimum最适宜的**overhead还有一个意思是“投影”，类似powerpoint**in line与预期相符的**YTD (year-to-date)从Jan 1到目前的时间**scorched earth焦土政策**economies of scope范围经济（与economies of scale相比）**toehold小支点，起点**industry observer行业观察家**networking商业构建私人关系网**conference backdrop会议背景幕**trade-up升级**ease of maintenance/repair维修的容易度**cap（金额）最高限度；upper limit**lifetime（债券等的）存期**double dip recession二次萧条（特指本次美国经济泡沫破灭后，还将陎临的进一步衰退）**fringe benefits附加福利（除国家规定外的）**annual leave年假**call to order宣布开会；要求遵守秩序**second the motion附议**motion carried动议通过**window dressing粉饰**end-state最终状态**scrap废品（与rework相对）**disagrregate分解**solidity可*性**MIS (management information system) 管理信息系统**in due course稍后**7-11便利店**numerator/denominator分子/分母**winding-up结算；停业**subsidiary/member companies下属公司**coach大客车**OEM/aftermarket parts汽车业的前/后配件**assembly plant汽车整车厂**elevated rail轻轨**honorary名誉**deputy magistrate副区长（虹口）**size up估计**offer .. Advancement over比。

1.科学发展观the Outlook of Scientific Development（也有一说outlook 应为conception，有兴趣自己去查字典了解了解两词的区别【谢谢方雪梅同学的讨论】）2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit4.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination5.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity6.新能源观new thinking on energy development有关先进文化的词汇1.古为今用、洋为中用旧译let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national 现译draw from past and foreign achievements2.文艺工作cultural and art work; work in the cultural field3.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement4.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activities cultural elements/factors intermingle with economic and political factors5.民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化 a socialist culture that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented6.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity7.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works8.具有中国气派的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist culture with Chinese appeal9.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world. What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world. When you are unique, the world comes to you.10.文艺应当贴近群众，贴近生活，贴近实际。

中国译协中译英最新发布,各类专业术语直译1.科学发展观 the Outlook of Scientific Development2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观 call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观 new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit4.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination5.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观 foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity6.新能源观 new thinking on energy development有关先进文化的词汇1.古为今用、洋为中用旧译 let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national 现译 draw from past and foreign achievements2.文艺工作 cultural and art work; work in the cultural field3.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement4.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activitiescultural elements/factorsintermingle with economic and political factors5.民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化a socialist culture that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented6.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化 promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity7.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works 8.具有中国气派的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist culture with Chinese appeal9.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world.What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world.When you are unique, the world comes to you.10.文艺应当贴近群众，贴近生活，贴近实际。

术语翻译贡献者Absolute Translation绝对翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abstract Translation摘要翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abusive translation滥译路易斯（Lewis）Acceptability可接受性托利（Toury）Accuracy准确Adaptation改编Adequacy充分性Adjustment调整Analogical Form类同形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Analysis分析奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Applied Translation Studies应用翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Architranseme (ATR)元译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Autonomy Spectrum自立幅度罗斯（Rose）Autotranslation自译波波维奇（Popovic）Back Translation回译Bilateral interpreting双边传译凯斯（Keith）Class Shift词类转换韩礼德（Halliday）Close Translation贴近翻译纽马克（Newmark）传意翻译；交际翻Communicative Translation纽马克（Newmark）译Community interpreting社群传译Compensation补偿赫维（Hervey）Competence能力托利（Toury）Componential Analysis语义成分分析奈达（Nida）Comprehensive theory综合理论Conference interpreting会议传译Consecutive interpreting接续传译Contextual consistency语境一致奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Conventions常规诺德（Nord）Corpora语料库Correspondence对应Court interpreting法庭传译Covert translation隐型翻译豪斯（House）Creative transposition创造性转换Creative treason创造性叛逆罗伯特·埃斯卡皮（Robert Escarpi）Deconstruction解构主义德里达（Derrida）Descriptive translation描写性翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）studiesDiagrammatic translation图表翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Differance分延德里达（Derrida）Doentary translation文献型翻译诺德（Nord）Domesticating translation归化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Dynamic equivalence动态对等奈达（Nida）Dynamic fidelity动态忠信比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Effort models用功模式贾尔（Gile）Equivalence对等Excluded receiver非目标接受者皮姆（Pym）Exegetic translation诠释性翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Exoticism异国情调赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Expectancy norms期待规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Explicitation明示维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Expressive text表情型文本赖斯（Reiss）Extraneous form外来形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Faithfulness忠实Foreignizing translation异化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Formal corresponding形式对应卡特福德（Catford）Formal equivalence形式对等奈达（Nida）Free translation自由译Full translation全文翻译General theories of普通翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）translationGist translation要旨翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Gloss translation释词翻译奈达（Nida）Grammatical transposition语法置换赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Hermeneutic motion诠释步骤斯坦纳（Steiner）Hierarchy of Correspondences对应层级霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Horizontal translation横向翻译福勒纳（Folena）Hyperinformation超额信息赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Idiomatic translation地道翻译比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）德莱顿（Dryden）、利弗威尔Imitation拟译（Lefevere）Indeterminacy不确定性Information offer信息提供弗米尔（Vermeer）Informative texts信息文本赖斯（Reiss）Initial norms初始规范托利（Toury）Instrumental translation工具翻译诺德（Nord）Integral translation整合翻译范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Interlineal translation隔行翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Interlinear translation逐行翻译Interlingual translation语际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intersemiotic translation符际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intralingual translation语内翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intra-system shift系统内转换卡特福德（Catford）Inverse translation逆向翻译Kernel sentence核心句Keyword translation关键词翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Level shift层次转换卡特福德（Catford）Lexical translation词汇翻译卡特福德（Catford）Liaison interpreting联络传译凯斯（Keith）Linguistic translation语言翻译Literal translation字面翻译；直译Mapping图谱霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Matricial norms矩阵规范托利（Toury）Meta-language元语言霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Metatext元文本Mimetic form模仿形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Mutation变异范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Naturalness自然性Negative shift负面转换Norms规范Obligatory equivalents必要对等语奈达（Nida）Oblique translation曲径翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Operational model操作模式巴斯盖特（Bathgate）Operational norms操作规范托利（Toury）Optional equivalents可换对等语奈达（Nida）Overlapping translation重合翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Overt translation显型翻译豪斯（House）维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳Overtranslation超额翻译（Darbelnet）Paradigmatic equivalence范式对等波波维奇（Popovic）Paraphrase释译德莱顿（Dryden）Partial theories of局部翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）translationParticipative receiver参与型接受者皮姆（Pym）Particularizing translation具体化翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Performance运用托利（Toury）Phonemic translation音素翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Phonological translation音位翻译卡特福德（Catford）Pivot language中枢语言Polysystem theory多元文化理论埃文·佐哈尔（Even-Zohar）Pragmatic Approach语用途径Pragmatic translation语用翻译Preliminary norms预先规范托利（Toury）Prescriptive translation规定翻译研究托利（Toury）studies迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯Primary translation首级翻译（Kornelius）Problem-restricted theories of 关于问题的翻译理霍尔姆斯（Holmes）translation论Process-oriented translation过程取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）theoriesProduct-oriented translation成品取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）studiesProfessional norms翻译规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Prospective translation前瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Prototext原型文本波波维奇（Popovic）Pseudotranslation伪翻译Pure language纯语言沃尔特·本雅明（Walter Benjamin）Radical translation原始翻译奎因（Quine）Rank-bound translation级阶受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）弗拉科夫（Vlakhov）和弗罗林Realia独有特征（Florin）Receptor language接受语奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Translation with重构式翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）reconstructionRedundancy冗余奈达（Nida）Refraction折射利弗威尔（Lefevere）Regulative translational规约性翻译常规诺德（Nord）conventionsRelay interpreting转接传译Repertoreme知识库要素托利（Toury）Resistancy阻抗韦努狄（Venuti）Restricted translation受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Restructuring重组奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Retrospective translation后瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Rewriting重写利弗威尔（Lefevere）Rhymed translation韵体翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Secondary translation二级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Selective translation选译古阿德克（Gouadec）Semantic disambiguation语义消歧Semantic translation语义翻译纽马克（Newmark）Serial translation序列翻译卡塞格兰德（Casagrande）Service translation服务型翻译纽马克（Newmark）Sight translation视译Signed language translation手语传译Simultaneous interpreting同声传译Skopos theory目的论赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Source language源语Source text源文本Source text-oriented translation studies 源文本取向翻译研究Specification具体化Structure shift结构转换卡特福德（Catford）Stylistic equivalence文体对等Target language目标语Term banks术语库Terminology术语Text typology文本类型学Textual equivalence文本对等卡特福德（Catford）Textual norms文本规范托利（Toury）Thick translation增量翻译阿皮尔（Appiah）Think-aloud translation有声思维记录Third code第三语码弗劳利（Frawley）Time-restricted theories oftranslation 关于时域的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Total translation完全翻译卡特福德（Catford）Transcription注音Transeme译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Transfer转移Transference迁移卡特福德（Catford）Translatability可译性Translationese翻译体Translatorial action译者行为赫尔兹·曼塔里（JustaHolz-Manttari）Transliteration音译Transposition置换维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Unbounded translation不受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Undertranslation欠额翻译纽马克（Newmark）Unit of translation翻译单位Universals of translation翻译普遍特征Verbal consistency词语一致Verifiability可核实性赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Vertical translation纵向翻译福勒纳Voids空缺Whispered interpreting耳语传译。

翻译研究词典1. Absolute Translation 绝对翻译按照古阿德克的解释，指专业译员为应付不同翻译要求而采用的七种翻译类型之一。

在绝对翻译中，整个源文本被转换成目标语，对原文内容和形式都不加以改动。

According to Gouadec, one of seven types of translation which can be used by professional translators to respond to the various translation requirements which can arise during the course of their work. In absolute translation, the whole of ST is transferred into TL, with no alteration to the content or the form of the original document.2. Abstract Translation 摘要翻译古阿德克提出的用以应付不同翻译要求的七种翻译策略之一。

摘要翻译是将源文本的全部信息扼要译出，目的是让客户“迅速得到特定类型的信息”。

其方法有多种：第一种是翻译源文本的一般主题思想；第二种是概述源文本的主要内容、文本主旨及次要内容；第三种是节录源文本中一切有用的内容。

According to Gouadec, one of seven strategies proposed by Gouadec to fulfill the various translation needs which arise in a professional environment. In abstract translation, a condensed translation of all the information in ST is made in order to give the client "rapid access to specific types of information". This may be done in various ways. Firstly, the generic themes of the text may be translated; secondly, a description may be given of the generic content and the objectives of the text and its sub-units; thirdly, an abridged translation of all the useful content of the text may be supplied.3. Abusive Translation 滥译路易斯用来表示文学翻译中极端做法的一个术语。

带颜色为已选，请做完的同学及时把自己的term涂色标注翻译学术语Absolute Translation绝对翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abstract Translation摘要翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abusive translation 滥译路易斯（Lewis）Acceptability 可接受性托利（Toury）Accuracy 准确Adaptation 改编Adequacy 充分性Adjustment 调整Analogical Form 类同形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Analysis 分析奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Applied Translation Studies 应用翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Architranseme (ATR) 元译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Autonomy Spectrum 自立幅度罗斯（Rose）Autotranslation 自译波波维奇（Popovic）Back Translation 回译Bilateral interpreting 双边传译凯斯（Keith）Class Shift 词类转换韩礼德（Halliday）Close Translation 贴近翻译纽马克（Newmark）Communicative Translation 传意翻译；交际翻译纽马克（Newmark）Community interpreting 社群传译Compensation 补偿赫维（Hervey）Competence 能力托利（Toury）Componential Analysis 语义成分分析奈达（Nida）Comprehensive theory 综合理论Conference interpreting 会议传译Consecutive interpreting 接续传译Contextual consistency 语境一致奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Conventions 常规诺德（Nord）Corpora 语料库Correspondence 对应Court interpreting 法庭传译Covert translation 隐型翻译豪斯（House）Creative transposition 创造性转换Creative treason 创造性叛逆罗伯特·埃斯卡皮（Robert Escarpi）Deconstruction 解构主义德里达（Derrida）Descriptive translation studies 描写性翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Diagrammatic translation 图表翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Differance 分延德里达（Derrida）Doentary translation 文献型翻译诺德（Nord）Domesticating translation 归化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Dynamic equivalence 动态对等奈达（Nida）Dynamic fidelity 动态忠信比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Effort models 用功模式贾尔（Gile）Equivalence 对等Excluded receiver 非目标接受者皮姆（Pym）Exegetic translation 诠释性翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Exoticism 异国情调赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Expectancy norms 期待规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Explicitation 明示维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Expressive text 表情型文本赖斯（Reiss）Extraneous form 外来形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Faithfulness 忠实Foreignizing translation 异化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Formal corresponding 形式对应卡特福德（Catford）Formal equivalence 形式对等奈达（Nida）Free translation 自由译Full translation 全文翻译General theories of translation 普通翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Gist translation 要旨翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Gloss translation 释词翻译奈达（Nida）Grammatical transposition 语法置换赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）5Hermeneutic motion 诠释步骤斯坦纳（Steiner）Hierarchy of Correspondences 对应层级霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Horizontal translation 横向翻译福勒纳（Folena）Hyperinformation 超额信息赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Idiomatic translation 地道翻译比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Imitation 拟译德莱顿（Dryden）、利弗威尔（Lefevere）Indeterminacy 不确定性Information offer 信息提供弗米尔（Vermeer）Informative texts 信息文本赖斯（Reiss）Initial norms 初始规范托利（Toury）Instrumental translation 工具翻译诺德（Nord）Integral translation 整合翻译范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Interlineal translation 隔行翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Interlinear translation 逐行翻译Interlingual translation 语际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intersemiotic translation 符际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intralingual translation 语内翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intra-system shift 系统内转换卡特福德（Catford）Inverse translation 逆向翻译Kernel sentence 核心句ReconstructionLevel shift 层次转换卡特福德（Catford）Lexical translation 词汇翻译卡特福德（Catford）Liaison interpreting 联络传译凯斯（Keith）Linguistic translation 语言翻译Literal translation 字面翻译；直译Mapping 图谱霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Matricial norms 矩阵规范托利（Toury）Meta-language 元语言霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Metatext 元文本Mimetic form 模仿形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Mutation 变异范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Naturalness 自然性Negative shift 负面转换Norms 规范Obligatory equivalents 必要对等语奈达（Nida）Oblique translation 曲径翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Operational model 操作模式巴斯盖特（Bathgate）Operational norms 操作规范托利（Toury）Optional equivalents 可换对等语奈达（Nida）Overlapping translation 重合翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Overt translation 显型翻译豪斯（House）Overtranslation 超额翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Paradigmatic equivalence 范式对等波波维奇（Popovic）Paraphrase 释译德莱顿（Dryden）Partial theories of translation 局部翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Participative receiver 参与型接受者皮姆（Pym）Particularizing translation 具体化翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Performance 运用托利（Toury）Phonemic translation 音素翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Phonological translation 音位翻译卡特福德（Catford）Pivot language 中枢语言Polysystem theory 多元文化理论埃文·佐哈尔（Even-Zohar）Pragmatic Approach 语用途径Pragmatic translation 语用翻译Preliminary norms 预先规范托利（Toury）Prescriptive translation studies 规定翻译研究托利（Toury）Primary translation 首级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Problem-restricted theories of translation 关于问题的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）5Process-oriented translation theories 过程取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Product-oriented translation studies 成品取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Professional norms 翻译规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Prospective translation 前瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Prototext 原型文本波波维奇（Popovic）Pseudotranslation 伪翻译Pure language 纯语言沃尔特·本雅明（Walter Benjamin）Radical translation 原始翻译奎因（Quine）Rank-bound translation 级阶受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Realia 独有特征弗拉科夫（Vlakhov）和弗罗林（Florin）Receptor language 接受语奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Translation with reconstruction 重构式翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Redundancy 冗余奈达（Nida）Refraction 折射利弗威尔（Lefevere）Regulative translational conventions 规约性翻译常规诺德（Nord）Relay interpreting 转接传译Repertoreme 知识库要素托利（Toury）Resistancy 阻抗韦努狄（Venuti）Restricted translation 受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Restructuring 重组奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Retrospective translation 后瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Rewriting 重写利弗威尔（Lefevere）Rhymed translation 韵体翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Secondary translation 二级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Selective translation 选译古阿德克（Gouadec）Semantic disambiguation 语义消歧Semantic translation 语义翻译纽马克（Newmark）Serial translation 序列翻译卡塞格兰德（Casagrande）Service translation 服务型翻译纽马克（Newmark）Sight translation 视译Signed language translation 手语传译Simultaneous interpreting 同声传译Skopos theory 目的论赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Source language 源语Source text 源文本Source text-oriented translation studies 源文本取向翻译研究Specification 具体化Structure shift 结构转换卡特福德（Catford）Stylistic equivalence 文体对等Target language 目标语Term banks 术语库Terminology 术语Text typology 文本类型学Textual equivalence 文本对等卡特福德（Catford）Textual norms 文本规范托利（Toury）Thick translation 增量翻译阿皮尔（Appiah）Think-aloud translation 有声思维记录Third code 第三语码弗劳利（Frawley）Time-restricted theories of translation 关于时域的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Total translation 完全翻译卡特福德（Catford）Transcription 注音Transeme 译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Transfer 转移Transference 迁移卡特福德（Catford）Translatability 可译性Translationese 翻译体Translatorial action 译者行为赫尔兹·曼塔里（Justa Holz-Manttari）Transliteration 音译Transposition 置换维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Unbounded translation 不受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Undertranslation 欠额翻译纽马克（Newmark）Unit of translation 翻译单位Universals of translation 翻译普遍特征Verbal consistency 词语一致Verifiability 可核实性赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Vertical translation 纵向翻译福勒纳V oids 空缺Whispered interpreting 耳语传译Writer-oriented machine translation 作者取向机器翻译。

翻译学基本术语源语/译出语source language(SL), original language译语/译入语target language(TL), receptor language原作者SL author, original author译者translator, interpreter读者/接受者reader, receptor, audience文本/原著/原文text/original work/SL text, source text, original text译文/译本/译著translation, version/translated text/translational work笔译written translation口译oral interpretation/oral translation同声传译simultaneous interpretation翻译原则/标准translation principle/criterion翻译过程/步骤translation process/procedures反应response对应(部分对应/完全对应)(partial /full )correspondence等值/对等/动态对等equivalence/dynamic equivalence充分性adequacy可接受性acceptability(acceptable, unacceptable, unacceptability)可读性readability(readable)可译性translatability(translatable)不可译性untranslatability(untranslatable)表层结构surface structure深层结构deep structure理解understanding/comprehension表达/再现/转换/传译expression/reproduction/transformation/transferral误解misunderstanding误译mis-translation异化foreignization/alienation归化domestication/naturalization/adaptation直译literal translation意译free translation/liberal translation/semantic translation 直译派a literalist/a sourcerer意译派a free-hander/a targeteer重译法repetition增译法/增词法/增译amplification/addition减译法/减词法/省译omission词类转移法/词性转换conversion反译法negation移植法transplant(ing)音译法transliteration作注（行内注/脚注/文后注）annotation(interlinear note, footnote, endnote)释义法/解释法explanation/paraphrase 引申法extension替代法substitution 推演法deduction 缀合法combination分译法division 逆序法/倒置法reversing 合译法combination 综合法mixture of methods 包孕embedding 切断/分切cutting 拆离splitting-off 插入inserting 重组recasting回译back translation 原汁原味essence of the original词序调整inversion选词diction信/忠实faithfulness/fidelity达/通顺/流畅/自然/易懂intelligibility /smoothness /fluency /naturalness /idiomaticity /expressiveness雅elegance/gracefulness 东方语言Oriental languages西方语言Occidental languages 佛经Buddhist Scriptures/sutra 梵语Sanskrit 鸠摩罗什Kumarajiva 泰特勒(AlexanderFraser )Tytler奈达Eugene A. Nida 机器翻译machine translation(MT)人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)翻译translate, render, rephrase, reword, transmit, re-express, transmute, transmogrify, interpret, convert, transform, transpose, express, transfer, turn翻译学translatology/translation studies 翻译体/翻译腔translationese死译/硬译/逐字译mechanical translation/word-for-word translation/word-to-word substitution乱译/胡译excessively free translation 惯用法usage约定俗成convention形合hypotaxis 意合parataxis。

1.科学发展观 the Outlook of Scientific Development2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观 call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观 new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit4.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination5.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观 foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity6.新能源观 new thinking on energy development有关先进文化的词汇1.古为今用、洋为中用旧译 let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national 现译 draw from past and foreign achievements2.文艺工作 cultural and art work; work in the cultural field3.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement4.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activitiescultural elements/factors intermingle wi t h economic and political factors5.民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化a socialist cul t ure that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented6.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化 promote mainstream values and uphold cul t ural diversity7.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people wi t h scientific theories, guide them wi t h correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works8.具有中国气派的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist culture wi t h Chinese appeal9.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world.What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world.When you are unique, the world comes to you.10.文艺应当贴近群众，贴近生活，贴近实际。