中考详解_直接间接引语以其练习

- 1 - 关于直接引语和间接引语的语法总结

一、定义：

直接引语：原封不动地引述别人的话。

间接引语：说话人站在自己立场上来转述别人的话。

二、特点：

直接引语：在直接引语之前后要加上引号（„ ‟或“ ”）。

例如：1、She said,‟ I have lived in London for years‟.

2、Bill said,‟ I‟m hungry.‟

间接引语：由于时间和空间的立脚点不同，在转述时要把别人的原话作某些改动。

这些改动主要有：

1）

如主句的谓语动词为过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词一般按下列规律变动：

直接引语 间接引语

一般现在时 一般过去时

现在进行时 过去进行时

现在完成时 过去完成时

一般将来时 现般过去将来时

现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时

一般过去时 （多数变为）过去完成时

例如：1、”She‟s preparing her lessons,”I said.(direct speech)

I said (that) she was preparing her lesson.(indirect speech)

2、I said to them,” He‟ll get excited.”

I told them (that) he would get excited.

3、He said to me,”Jane spent all her time doing that.”

He told me (that) Jane had spent all her time doing that.

[注意] 1、直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时，如与一个具体的表示过去的时间（如in 1992, last week等）连用，在变为间接引语时可以不变。如：

My father said to me,” I read the book in 1986.”

My father told me he read the book in 1986.

[注意] 2、直接引语表达的意思是客观趔时，在变为间接引语时可不变。如：

The teacher said to us,”Light travels faster than sound.”

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

2） 代词要根据句中的意义作相应的变动。如

“I haven‟t brought my dictionary,” the student said.

The student said (that) he hadn‟t brought his dictionary.

[注意] This, these 相应地改为that, those.

3） 状语一般须作出下列变动：

直接引语 间接引语

now then

ago before

today that day

this morning that morning

yesterday the day before

yesterday morning the morning before

tomorrow the next day, the following day, the - 2 - day after

last week (month etc.) the week (month etc.) before

next week (month etc.) the week (month etc.) after, the

following week (month) etc

this week (month etc.) that week (month etc.)

here there

例如：I‟ll come and see you again this evening, Tom.” he said.

He told Tom (that) he would go and see him again that evening.

[注意] 1、在句子的意义不会引起误解的情况下，状语有时也可不变。

“I‟ll come here again today,” she said.

She said (that) she‟d come here again today.

2、动词come可根据具体情况相应地改为go.

4) 当直接引语是疑问句时，除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应的变动外，还要注意：

1、间接引语中要用陈述句的语序

2、特殊疑问词要保留

3、一般、选择或反意疑问句在间接引语前要加连词wether (或if ).

例如：”Is there anything wrong, Madam?” asked the policeman.

The policeman asked the woman wether (或if ) there was anything wrong.

5) 当直接引语为祈使句时，主句中的谓语动词在变动时往往根据直接引语中的口气换用ask, invite, advise, warn, tell, order等动词，而直接引语中的谓语动词则要变成动词不定式。

例如：1、Please explain why you‟re two and a half hours late,” the boss said.

The boss asked him to explain why he was two and a half hours late.

2、”Get everything ready right now” the teacher said to the students.

The teacher ordered the students to get everthing ready right now.

[注意] 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词加以转述。

例如： He said, "Let‟s go to the theatre."

He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the

theatre.

6）当直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。

例如： She said, "What a lovely day it is !"

She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.

[语法专练]

一、选择题

1. I told him that my parents that place the next year.

A. will visit B. visit C. visited D. were going to visit

2. She asked her sister

wear her coat.

A. don‟t B. to not C. not to D. did‟t

3. The teacher asked her

she had so many strange questions

A. why B. that C. / D. which

4. He asked me I had seen the film the night before.

A. that B. when C. weather D. what

- 3 - 5. The doctor asked him if he better that day.

A. is feeling C. was feeling B. would be feeling D. felt

6. He asked me I had spent my holiday that year.

A that B which C where D that

7. Their teacher told the pupils that salt water at a lower temperature than fresh water.

A froze B would freeze C freeze D freezes

8. Father told his son that the sun in the east and in the west.

A. rises…sets B. rose…set C. rises…set D. rose…sets

9. Tom told me Collin his leg and walk.

A broke…couldn‟t B broke…can‟t C had broken…could‟t D had broken…can‟t

10. She told me that she there the next day.

A is going to leave B was going to leave C will leave D is leaving

11. He often says:” I shall tell you about them.”

He often tells me that _____ will tell _____ about ______.

A. I…you…them B. he…me…them

C. he…you…us D. I…me…you

12. You must say to her,” I depend on you and him.”

You must tell her that _____ depend on ____ and _____.