八年级语文背影5
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【精选】部编版八年级上册语文第14课《背影》课文重要知识点讲解一、作者简介朱自清(1898—1948),散文家、诗人、学者。
字佩弦,号秋实,江苏扬州人。
著有诗文集《踪迹》,散文集《背影》《欧游杂记》。
其散文朴素缜密、清隽沉郁、语言洗练、文笔清丽,极富有真情实感。
代表作有《春》《绿》《荷塘月色》《背影》《桨声灯影里的秦淮河》等。
二、故事背景本文记叙的是1917年的事。
那年冬天,作者的祖母死了,在徐州工作任职的父亲朱鸿钧也被解除了职务。
作者当时在北京大学读书,得到祖母去世的噩耗,便从北京赶到徐州,同父亲一道奔丧回家。
父亲朱鸿钧没有积蓄,回到扬州后,借钱办了丧事。
办完丧事后,作者回北京念书,朱鸿钧到南京找工作,父子二人便在浦口车站依依惜别。
《背影》所写的就是这一段事。
三、文学常识散文是指以文字为创作、审美对象的文学艺术体裁,是文学中的一种体裁形式。
1.在中国古代文学中,散文与韵文、骈文相对,不追求押韵和句式的工整。
这是广义上的散文。
2.在中国现代文学中,散文指与诗歌、小说、戏剧并行的一种文学体裁。
这是狭义上的散文。
四、理解词义1.祸不单行:不幸的事接连发生。
2.狼藉:乱七八糟的样子。
3.簌簌:纷纷落下的样子。
4.典质:(把财产、衣物)典当、抵押出去。
5.赋闲:失业在家。
6.勾留:短时间停留。
7.踌躇:犹豫。
8.颓唐:衰颓败落。
9.蹒跚:因为腿脚不灵便,走路缓慢摇摆的样子。
10.不能自已:不能控制自己的感情。
11.情郁于中:感情积聚在心里。
12.触目伤怀:看到(家庭败落的情况)心里感到悲伤。
13.琐屑:细小而繁多的事。
五、课文分段第一部分(①):开篇点题,点明自己对父亲的背影难以忘怀。
第二部分(②-⑥):车站离别,望父买橘,刻画背影,表现了父亲的爱子之情。
第三部分(⑦):写别后思念,泪光中再现父亲的背影,抒发怀念父亲之情。
六、问题归纳1. 文章是以什么方式开头?有什么好处?这一段在全文中的作用是什么?以倒叙的方式开头,增强了文章的生动性,使文章产生悬念,从而吸引读者。