定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法

文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. Unit5 Nelson Mandela-- a modern hero

Period 3 Grammar (Attributive clause) 关系副词及介词加关系代词的用法 学习目标：通过本节课的学习使学生初步掌握并运用关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句以及介词加关系代词的用法。 课前自主预习： 状语：是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份 关系代词：它代表先行词，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语和定语的关系词。 关系副词：它代表先行词，在从句中作时间，地点和原因状语的关系词。 课堂展示： 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 1.When 的用法 When表时间，在从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. We are living in an age when many things are done on computer. 注意：当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句,也可以用that/which引导定语从句，其关键是引导词在从句中作什么成分，若引导词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导，若引导词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that/which引导。 试比较： I will never forget the day ______ we spend together. I will never forget the day _______ we met there. 典例 Anyway, that evening, _____ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place. A. when B. where C. what D. which 2.Where的用法 Where 表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。 The factory where his father works in the west of the city. We went to visit the place where Lincoln once worked. 注意：当先行词是地点名词时，既可以用where引导定语从句,也可以用that/which引导定语从句，其关键是引导词在从句中作什么成分，若引导词在定语从句中充当状语，则用where引导，若引导词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that/which引导。 试比较： This is the factory _______ I paid a visit the other day. This is the factory _______ I visited the other day. 典例 If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A.that B. which C. when D. where 文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 3.Why的用法 Why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason。 I didn't know the reason why he didn't come to school yesterday. That is the reason why I did it. 注意：若先行词reason在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that/which引导定语从句。 This is the reason why he was late for the meeting. This is the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work. 典例 This is the reason ____ I came here. A. which B. why C. that D. in which 二、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 1.概述 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式问题，使用的关系代词一般是which/whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见有以下几种结构： （1）介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. = Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice. (2) 名词，代词，数词+介词+关系代词 Last Sunday I bought some books from bookstore, three of which were English novels. = Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels. He wrote a book, the name of which I've completely forgotten. The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors. (3) 形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. (4) 介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized. 2. 关系代词的选择 用于“介词+关系代词”结构关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which, 即介词+which/whom. The date on which he joined the Party was July 1,1984. We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 3. 介词的选择，该结构主要从以下几方面考虑。 （1）从先行词跟介词的搭配出发 I 'll never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.(把the day带入从句后，加on 才成立，即we worked together on the day in the countryside) The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happening inside the house. (through which即through the hole) (2)从定语从句中动词、形容词等对介词的搭配要求出发 Do you know the girl _____ whom the man talked just now? (talk后用to, with还是about,则根据先行词、定语从句中的动词talk考虑，此处用with或to比较好） The two things of which they felt pound were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair. 特别提示 （1）如果含有介词的动词短语不能拆开，则不能转化成“介词+关系代词”结构，介词仍然放在动词文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 的后面。常见的这类动词有：listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of, look into, break into, get rid of, take part in , make use of, take/catch hold of, catch up with, get along with, look forward to…… The babies whom the nurses are taking care of are very healthy. (2) "介词+关系代词"后接不定式短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 He has a knife with which to defend himself. = He has a knife with which he can defend himself. (3) 当先行词在句中表示时间、地点、原因时，“介词+which”一般在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语，这时可以分别用when, where, why代替。（when相当于at/in/during/on等+which" where相当于in/at/on等+which. Why相当于for+which）。但若介词+which不是作时间、地点、原因状语时，则不能用when, where, why代替。 Last week, I visited London, in which/where I have made several friends. 典例 ①Gun control is a subject ____ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which ②Mozart's birthplace and the house ____ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now. A. Where B. When C. There D. which (4) 在英语中有几个词虽然不指具体的地点，但它们作先行词时常用where引导定语从句(=介词+which).常见的有：situation/case/point/circumstances/stage/family等 I have come to the point where I can't stand him. He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 典例 It's helpful to put children in a situation ____ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where (5) 先行词way后定语从句 当先行词是way，意为“方法，方式”时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which, that和不用任何关系词这三种形式。 I don't understand the way in which/that/- they worked out the problem. 试比较以下两个句子关系词的不同 The way that/which he explained to us was not difficult to understand. ( 关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语） The way that/in which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(关系词在从句中作状语，相当于in this/that way） 典例 I will tell you the way _____ you can study English well, because I know the way ____ you have accepted is not the best. A. how; how B. that; that C. which; which D. in which; in which