虚拟语气二

虚拟语气二 (Subjunctive Mood)

四、用在as if/ as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中：

1．as if从句中的情况属实或发生的可能性很大时，用陈述语气。

It looks as if it is going to rain. (It looks like rain.)

2. as if从句中所设想的情况不是事实，应用虚拟语气。

在这种情况下，无论主句谓语是何种时态，关键是看as if/ as though从句中的动作是在主句动作发生前，发生后，还是同时发生。

（1）当从句的动作或状态与主句的动作或状态同时发生时，从句谓语用过去时（be用were）

He looks as if he were a poor man. In fact, he is very rich.

She speaks French as if she were a Frenchwoman.

I saw the teacher working hard as if she wished every student could pass

Band 4.

(2) 主句中的动作发生时，as if从句中假设的情况正在发生，从句动作用过去进行时。

His lips moved as if he was practicing speaking English.

The sun is shining in the east as if it wasn’t showering.

(3) as if从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，从句动作用过去完成时。

He looks as if nothing had happened to him.

His white hair in disorder looked as if he had been electrified.

(4) as if从句中假设的动作在主句动作后发生，用过去将来时。

She talks and laughs as if she would be a queen.

The boy looks as if he would cry.

翻译：

1. They treat me as though . 他们待我如陌生人。

2. He talks as if . 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。 3. It looks as if . 看起来要下雨了。

4. He speaks English so fluently as if .他英语说得如此流利，就像他曾在英国留学一样。

5. He ran as if .他跑起来，就像是有鬼在后面追他一样。

五、用在主语从句“It is+形容词/名词+that…”中：

表情绪、观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气。如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity。形式：It is important（essential/strange/natural/necessary/ vital / urgent/ imperative/

natural/ essential/ right/a pity）that …( should )+动词原形，表示必须、惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满等主观的情感。

It is necessary that he (should) set off at once.

It is important that we (should) pay enough respect to others.

It is strange that they (should) miss the train.

6. It was essential that .申请表必须在截止日期前寄回。

7. It is desirable that .明智的做法是她立即离开公司。

8. It is necessary that .孩子们有足够的睡眠是很有必要的。

9. It is natural that .他发牢骚是很正常的。

10. It is important that .他应该停止抽烟，这是很重要的。

六、其他用法：

（一）在lest…, in case…, for fear that…引导的目的状语从句中, 表示“以防，以免”。

从句用虚拟语气: (should)+动词原形

She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget.

He took his umbrella in case it (should) rain.

（二）在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter

等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：

1. 指现在或将来： may +动词原形。 We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.

We will find him wherever he may be.

2. 指过去： may +完成时 。

You mustn’t be proud whatever great progress you may have made.

（三）在would rather, had rather等之后的宾语从句中。其常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：

1. 过去： had + 过去分词

2. 现在： 过去时(be 用were )

3. 将来： 过去时(be 用were )

I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.

I’d rather you were here now.

（四）在定语从句It is (high/about) time (that) + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should +

动词原形中，表示“早该做某事了”。

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.

It is high time you should go to work. (should不能省)

（五）省略主句 (常用以表示愿望)

形式：If only + 主语 + did/were （与现在事实相反)

had done （与过去事实相反)

would/could/might + do （与将来事实相反)

If only my grandmother were with me!

If only she had not left!

If only the wind would stop!

11. It’s about time . 现在该叫菜了。

12. I think it’s time .我想是时候给他们点教训了。

13. It’s high time .你该买辆新车了。

14. We’d rather .我们倒想你明天去那儿。

15. If only .要是他听你的建议就好了！

Multiple Choices:

1. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.

A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone

2. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.

A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were

3. --“I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. ”

--“It’s time you ________. ”

A. do B. did C. had D. would

4. --“I’ve told everyone about it. ”

--“Oh, I’d rather you ________. ”

A. don’t B. hadn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t

5. —Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?

— I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

6. It was essential that all the necessary documents _______ to the president's office

being the end of this month.

A．be handed in B．must be handed in

C．should D．had been handed in