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专四应试技巧 (语法词汇篇 1:集体名词作主语主谓一致)1)通常作复数的集体名词集体名词，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry 等，通常作复数，用复数动词。
如：Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词有些集体名词，如 foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。
例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词集体名词，如 audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government 等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。
例如：A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.近义词辨析tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home. 亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted表达的疲惫程度，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
高中英语语法基础——主谓一致知识点讲解与同步练习概念：主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要保持一致。
1．动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。
如：Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job.To understand the situation completely requires more thought.2．表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。
Two weeks was too long. Ten yuan is enough.十元钱足够了。
3．一般用and 连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and 连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数：law and order 法制soap and water 肥皂水a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子fork and knife 刀叉the needle and thread 针线trial and error 反复尝试，不断摸索horse and carriage 马车time and tide 岁月bread and butter 奶油面包the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮涨潮落Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man4. 代词each 和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch.我的表出问题了。
5. 两个用and 连接的单数可数名词作主语，且第二个名词前无冠词，表示“一体”或“一双”，谓语动词用单数。
专四语法考点名词与主谓一致（2）七．主谓一致主谓一致（subject-verb agreement）指主语与谓语“人称“和“数”方面的一致关系。
一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系有以下三个原则支配：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。
1.不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；但如果主语为and连接的连个不定式、动名词以及从句时，谓语用复数形式。
Reading often means learning.阅读经常意味着学习。
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。
Having enough sleep and doing regular exercises are beneficial to your health.睡眠充足和经常运动有益身心。
2.挡住育有安定链接，表示同一个人、统一无、同一事或者同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，此时and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The composer and singer was well received by audience.那个作家兼歌星受到了听众的认可。
3.由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each，every，many，a（n），no时，谓语动词用单数。
No teacher and (no)student was here.没有一个老师和学生在这里。
4.each，every，each and every，either，neither，one，another，little，a little和much作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词永远是单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机注意：“复数主语+each”之后用复数动词。
Five each of these items are required.这些项目中有五项都是必须的。
2012年英语专业四级考试语法新题详解(TEM4-2012-51) [译文] 以下哪个句子不正确？[解析] 本题考查主谓一致。
A项中，当名词词组中心词为表示度量、时间等复数名词是，可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采用单数形式；B项中，当单数主语后跟有with, along with, together with, except等引导的介词短语时，其谓语动词应根据语法一致原则采用单数形式，但在非正式语体中，也可根据就近原则来决定随后动词的形式，所以本选项中根据复数supporters使用agree；D项中，few修饰可数名词的复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数；但是C项中，由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…连接的并列主语的主谓一致，按就近原则处理，故本题答案为C。
(TEM4-2012-52) [译文] 下列哪个限定词既可放在单数名词之前，也可放在复数名词之前？[解析] 本题考查限定词。
many a虽表示“许多”，但其后只能接单数名词；few后接可数名词复数，表示“些许”了；such可修饰复可数名词和不可数名词，如such results，如no such thing，修饰单数可数名词时需要加上不定冠词，如such a place；the next既可以修饰单数可数名词，也可以修饰复数可数名词，如the next day, the next meetings。
D为本题的正确答案。
(TEM4-2012-53) [译文] 下列哪个反身代词用作同位语？[解析] 本题考查句子成分。
A项himself充当宾语；C项充当介词宾语；D项充当宾语；只有B项充当同位语，可译为“经理将亲自面试玛丽。
”B为本题的正确答案。
(TEM4-2012-55) [译文] 以下哪个句子表示“意愿”？[解析] 本题考查情态动词。
A项中，根据by now，will表示“预见”，此处表示对某种必然进程的揣想，“现在她一定在吃饭”；B项中，shall表坚强信念和决心，一般用于第一人称主语，“我绝不会做那件事儿”；D项中，shall表示“允诺”，一般用于第二、三人称作主语，表示的并不是主语的意愿，而是主动的承诺，实际上是我将提拔你，“你可以得到晋升”；C项中，will表示“愿意”。
2003年-—--2013年英语专业四级语法词汇答案详解2013年51。
Facing the board of directors，he didn’t deny ________ breaking the agreement。
A. himB. it C。
his D。
its解析:动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语,一般可以用名词所有格Tom’s，代词宾格如him（口语）,书面语情况下一般用物主代词his，their。
本题选C。
52. Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) _______。
A。
appositive (同位语) B. object C。
adverbial D. complement。
解析：这些一般语法书也会提到，但是题目里的都不是这种现象，很多语法书对主语补语的介绍也就到此为止。
好在这本书多介绍了一点，但情况很微妙。
此书又说More problematic is the constituent following other verbs that could be used intransitively with the same meaning，as in: Saint Ethelbert was born a Saxon princess. （she was born) He returned a broken man. (he returned) He died young. (he died) We shall consider such constituents as Complements on the strength of the possible paraphrase containing be (When he returned he was a broken man; When he died he was young）. 这部分恰好就是本题所代表的类型，但是从该书作者表述来看,他们也承认这样的句子很不一般,不太容易轻易判定是否为主语补语,在本书里，作者认为可以看作是主语补语，因为大概可以改写成含有系动词be的句子，但作者的措辞显然没有那么肯定，有待商榷的意思。
高中英语学习资料madeofjingetieji主谓一致练习.Choosethebestanswer1.TheleagueSecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.areC.hasD.were2.Eachmanandeachwoman______askedtoattend.A.areB.isC.hasD.were3.Manyastudent______seenthispainting.A.hasB.haveC.isseenD.seesaswellastwoofhisclassmates______invitedtotheparty.A.WasB.wereC.hasD.have5.Halfoftheapples______good.A.IsB.areC.wasD.be6.“All______presentandall______goingonmonitor”said.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is7.Maryaswellashersisters______ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study8.I,who_______yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy.A.beB.amC.areD.is9.Therich______notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have10.Heisoneofthestudentswho______elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is11.ChairmanMao’sworks______published.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is12.Tenthousanddollars______morethanIcanafford.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.isD.are13.70percentofthestudentshere________fromthecountryside.A.is Bare Ccomes Dhascome14_____canbedone_____beendone.A.All;have.B.Allthat;haveC.All;hasD.allthat;has hastwobrothers,buteither____outofworknow.A.areB.isC.hasD.have16.Yourtrousers______dirty,Youmusthave___washed.A.is;itB.are;ItC.are;themD.is;them17.TheOlympicGames_____heldevery_____yearsA.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five18.Noonebutherparents_____it.A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.areknowing Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents______around$8,450ayear, which______aburdenforsomeofthem.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,______toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012Taipei FlowerExpo.A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited21.Therestofthemagazines____withinhalfanhour.A.issoldoutB.aresoldoutC.wassoldoutD.weresoldout22.Whatweneed_____goodtextbooksA.isB.areC.haveD.as23.Whatyousaidjustnow_______thematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtodoatB.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowith24.Allthescientific evidence_____thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming____damagingourhealth.A.show;areB.shows;areC.show;isD.shows;is25.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were26.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth______sea.A.isB.areC.wereD.hasbeen27.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be28.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_______tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.haveofferedC.areofferedD.hasoffered29.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecidedThenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were,wasB.was,wasC.was,wereD.were,were31.E-mail,aswellastelephones,______animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.playofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are33.–Didyougototheshowlastnight?–Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea____invited.A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was34.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents____toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.人教版本高中英语必修四主谓一致学习练习A.areB.isC.haveD.beAtpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairport____thatitwillbringalotofjobstothearea.A.isB.areC.willbeD.were36.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities_____risingsteadilysince1990.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeenTheteachertogetherwiththestudents___discussingReadingSkillsthat____ newlypublishedinAmerica.A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was38.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho____evenidress. A.wear B.wears C.hasworn D.haveworn39.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts____causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have6.SuchpoetsasShakespeare____widelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,some____difficulttounderstand.Onethirdofthecountry____coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens____blackpeople.42.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich____savedforotherpurposes.A.isB.areC.wasD.were43.NobodybutJane____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown.FillintheblanksWhathesaysandwhathedoes_____(not)agree.Whatwewant_______(be)somewater.Whetherhewillcome_____(be)stillunknownTosaysomething_____(be)usuallyeasierthantodosomething.Whatweneed_____(be)moretime.Whatweneed_______(be)doctors.NotonlyhebutalsoI______(be)goodatEnglish.Eithertheyorhe______(be)tocome.Fiveyears_____(be)alongtimetowaitforananswerTheSelectedPoemsofLiBai_______(be)publishedlongago25,000miles______(Be)alongdistance.Truthandhonesty______(be)thebestpolicy.Inourcountry,everyboyandeverygirl_____(have)therighttoreceiveeducation.人教版本高中英语必修四主谓一致学习练习22.Eachmanandeachwomaninthisoffice____(be)askedtoattendthepartyThewounded_____(be)welltakencareofinthehospital.Thebeautiful______(be)lovedbyall.17.The teacheraswell asthe students_____(be)looking forward to thesummerholiday.Thefactory,includingitsmachines,______(beburnt)lastnight.Themotheralongwithhertwochildrenoften_____(go)tothepark.20.Allofus____(be)verytired. 21.Allofthewater_____(havebeendrank).Therestofthestudents______(be)ontheplayground.Therestoftheproblem______(be)veryeasy.Morethanonebook________(have)beensold.Manyastudent_____(want)toreducehomework.Thenumberofthestudents_______(be)decreasing.Anumberofstudents_______(come)tolookforyouthismorning.Physics______(be)afairlydifficultsubject.Politics_______(notinterest)me.Hisfamily_______(be)athree-goodfamily.Thewholeteam______(be)goingtotakepartintheOlympicGames.Thepolice______(be)searchingfortheescapedcriminal.Thiskindofmen_____(be)dangerous.Menofthiskind______(be)dangerous.Onthewall_________(hang)apicture.Thewriterandteacher______(be)quitepopularamongthestudents.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthat_______(havebeentold).Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho_____(be)latesometimes.Theclass_______(be)morethanfortyinnumber.Theclass_____(have)disagreedamongthemselvesaboutwheretheyshouldgoandhaveapicnic.Neitheryounorhe_____(be)right.There______(be)twoshopsandacinemabesidetherailwaystation.Here______(be)amapandahandbookforyou.Keys：ABAABDCBAA ACBDB CBBAB DBBDD ABAAC ACDBACDBCAADB。
第十九章主谓一致“一致”（CONCORD或AGREEMENT）指句子之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，也称为“主－动一致”（SUBJECT－VERB CONCORD）。
第一节主谓一致的指导原则一致关系必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
一、语法一致原则主语和谓语的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词短语的中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。
主语为单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式时，谓语动词也用复数形式。
这种一致关系被称为“语法一致”。
例如：My friend has no intention of going swimming with me.我朋友不想跟我一起去游泳。
Each family was forced t o send one labor to the army.每家都被迫送一个劳动力到军队去。
Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.人人生而拥有且保持自由，在权力上一律平等。
We do morning exercises every day.我们每天做早操。
二、概念一致原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义，也就是说，主语在形式上虽然为单数，但其意义为复数，谓语动词则要用复数形式。
例如：Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.十五英里对我来说像是要走很长一段路程。
The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。
三、就近原则有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。
例如：Either my brothers or my father is coming here.来这儿的或者是我的兄弟们或者是我父亲。
TEM4---英语专业四级语法词汇+答案详解03-132013年51. Facing the board of directors, he didn’t deny ________ breaking the agreement.A. himB. itC. hisD. its解析：动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语，一般可以用名词所有格Tom's，代词宾格如him（口语），书面语情况下一般用物主代词his，their。
本题选C。
52. Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) _______.A. appositive (同位语)B. objectC. adverbialD. complement.解析：这些一般语法书也会提到，但是题目里的都不是这种现象，很多语法书对主语补语的介绍也就到此为止。
好在这本书多介绍了一点，但情况很微妙。
此书又说 More problematic is the constituent following other verbs that could be used intransitively with the same meaning, as in: Saint Ethelbert was born a Saxon princess. (she was born) He returned a broken man. (he returned) He died young. (he died) We shall consider such constituents as Complements on the strength of the possible paraphrase containing be (When he returned he was a broken man; When hedied he was young). 这部分恰好就是本题所代表的类型，但是从该书作者表述来看，他们也承认这样的句子很不一般，不太容易轻易判定是否为主语补语，在本书里，作者认为可以看作是主语补语，因为大概可以改写成含有系动词be的句子，但作者的措辞显然没有那么肯定，有待商榷的意思。
(完整word版)专四句子结构及语法题总汇专四句子结构及语法题总汇（04—10TEM4）I．虚拟语气题：1．____，I’ll marry him all the same.(04）DA。
Was he rich or poor B。
Whether rich or poorC。
Were he rich or poor D。
Be he rich or poor2．It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time。
(04）AA。
hand in B。
would hand in C。
have to hand in D. handed in3。
____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand？（04) AA. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised4. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can。
（05） AA. would be B。
will have been C。
was D。
were5. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer，contact your dealer for advice. (05）C A。
If，had B。
Have，had C。
Should, have D。
In case, had6。
If only I __play the guitar as well as you! (06) BA wouldB couldC shouldD might7．It's high time we __ cutting down the rainforests. (06) AA 。
专四主谓一致练习题 1. Neither he nor I _____ for the plan. A. were B. is C are D. am 2. My family as well as I ____ glad to see you. A. was B. is C. are D. am 3. My father, together with some of his old friends, _____ there already A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been 4. There are two roads and either _____ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads 5. Nine plus three _____ twelve. A. are making B. is making C. make D. makes 6. Twenty miles _____ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is C. are D. were 7. Very few ____ his address in the town. A. has known B. are knowing C. know D. knows 8. When and where this took place _____ still unknown. A. has B. is C. were D. are 9. I know that all ____ getting on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the novel _____ very interesting. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ____ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _____ from the countryside in our school. A. was B. were C. is D. are 13. More than one answer _____ to the question. A. had given B. were given C. has been given D. have been given 14. The students in our school each _____ an English dictionary. A. are having B. had C. has D. have 15. The pair of shoes _____ worn out. A. had been B. have been C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer ____ present at the meeting. A. had been B. were C. is D. was 17. Those who ____ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy C. likes D. are liking 18. There _____ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seeming to be C. seem to be D. seems to be 19. Over 80 percent of the population ____workers. A. will be B. are C. is D. was 20. The whole class ____ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had C. were D. was 21. The wounded ___ good care of here now. A. is taking B. are taking C. are being taken D. is taken 22. Deer ___ faster than dogs. A. will run B. are running C. runs D. run 23. The police ___ a prisoner. A. are searched for B. is searching C. are searching for D. is searching for 24. It was reported that six ___ including a boy. A. had killed B. was killing C. were killed D. was killed 25. The United Nations ___ in 1945. A. was found B. was founded C. were founded D. were found 26. I, who ___ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows. A. was B. are C. is D. am 27. Between the two buildings ___ a monument. A. is standing B. standing C. stands D. stand 28. Laying eggs ___ the ant queen’s full-time job. A. have B. has C. are D. is 29. Peter, perhaps John, __ playing with the little dog. A. seems B. were C. are D. is 30. Many a student ___ that mistake before. A. had made B. has been made C. have made D. has made 31. The Arabian Nights ___ well known to English lovers. A. is being B. are C. were D. is 32. Your new clothes fit you, but mine ___ me. A. don’t fit for B. doesn’t fit for C. don’t fit D. doesn’t fit 33. Tom’s teacher and friend ___ Mr Smith. A. has B. are being C. is D. are 34. All that can be eaten ___ eaten up. A. have been B. had been C. has been D. are being 35. Some person ___ calling for you at the gate. A. will be B. is being C. is D. are 36. On each side of the street ___ a lot of trees. A are grown B. is standing B. grow D. stands 37. The number of the people who ___ cars ___ increasing. A. own….are B. own…is C. owns…is D. owns…are 38. No one except Jack and Tom ___ the answer. A. are knows B. is knowing C. knows D. know 39. Nothing but cars ___ in the shop. A. are going to sell B. were sold C. are sold D is sold 40. Here is a message of importance to every man and every woman who ___. A. votes B. vote C. voting D. are voting 41. Politics ___ one of the subjects that I study. A. are B. is C. were D. was 42. ___ already been interviewed. A. A number of applicants have B. A number of applicants has C. The number of applicants have D. The number of applicants has 43. ___ is misused in the sentence. A. A word or two B. One or two words C. One and two words D. Many words 44. There ___ priceless jewellery on display at the exhibition hall. A. are B. have C. is D. has 45. I am the one who___ wrong. A. am B. is C. are D. have been 46. Each of the footballers ___ over 150 pounds. A. weigh B. weighs C. weights D. were weighing 47. There is ___ rice. A. few B. a few C. many D. a great deal 48. Half of the material ___ away. A. has been taken B. are taken C. have been taken D. were taken 49. The manager or his assistant ___ planning to go. A. was B. were C. be D. will 50. There ___ in this room. A. are too many furnitures B. are too much furniture C. are too much furnitures D. is too much furniture 51. His brother rather than his parents ___. A. are to be blamed B. is to blame C. are to blame D. is to be blamed. 52. What caused the accident and who was responsible for it ___ a mystery to us. A. has been remained B. have been remained C. remain D. remains 53. To know merely the main facts ___ enough. A. are B. be C. being D. is 54. Watering the flowers and looking after the children ___ all I have to do every day. A. are B. is C. was D. were 55. Each boy and each girl ___ a new book. A. have gone B. has gone C. have got D. has got 56. American and Dutch beer ___ both much lighter than British. A. are B. is C. were D. was 57. It is not I but you who ___the first to run to the goal in that competition.
