主谓一致 2000-2017历年专四语法真题

主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则，就近一致原则。

1、语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

Tom is a good student。

汤姆是个好学生。

They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2、意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。

My family are having lunch now。

我们一家人现在正吃午饭。

Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book。

这本书20美元太贵了。

3、就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。

例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

There is a pen and some books on the desk。

课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

二、主谓一致常考题型1、单数名词(代词）/不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式；复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。

The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。

Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。

The students are playing football on the playground。

这些学生正在操场上踢足球。

2、“a great/ good many+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

但“many a+名词”作主语，意义虽为“许多"，但谓语要用单数形式.Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。

2000年一月真题及答案47.This kind of glasses manufactured by experience crafstmen(B)comfortably.(A)is worn (B)wears (C)wearing (D)are worn2001年cet6In the 1950s,the introduction of antibiotics(抗生素)strengthened the trend in rich countries,and the antibiotics were allowed to be imported to poor countries.Medical researchers declared victory and withdrew.题中的were 要改为was , 因为名词antibiotics是以–S 结尾的药物名称，通常要做单数用。

2002年CET4The owner and editor of the newspaper____ the conference.A were attendingB were to attendC is to attendD are to attend解析 C. owner和editor前面只有一个the，所以是同一个人.2002年6月CET6Error CorrectionDescriptions written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found thereS5_______The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies two mythsS7_______S5. was → wereS7. lies → lie2003年专业英语四级试题50. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____going to agree upon anything today.A.neither you nor I areB.neither you nor me isC.neither you nor I amD.neither me nor you are答案：C参考译文：进一步讨论这个事情是无益的，因为今天你我都在任何事情上不愿达成一致【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对主谓一致原则的掌握。

．主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。

英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则,即：语法一致原则；意义一致原则和就近原则。

1。

语法一致原则语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致,即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式,主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，如:Tom doesn't like swimming。

汤姆不喜欢游泳.Jane and Mary look alike。

简和玛丽看起来很像.2.意义一致原则意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致，同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定，而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。

有时主语的语法形式是单数，但所表达的概念是复数意义，这时动词应采用复数形式，如：The football team are having breakfast now。

足球队员们在吃早饭.The news was exciting。

这条消息令人振奋。

3。

就近原则就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。

当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either。

or…，neither…nor…, not only…but also…, or 等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，如：Either your students or Mr Wang knows this。

你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。

Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。

主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题，1.主语为集体名词(1）某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。

如果集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式，如:Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。

主谓一致历年高考真题及解析1、—How are the team playing?—They’re playing well, but one of them ______ hurt. （北京2002春季）A、gotB、getsC、areD、were真题解析：本题考查主谓一致和时态的用法。

首先从主谓一致入手，one of them为单数主语，可以先排除C和D；根据句意，“有个人受伤了”应该是一般过去时，因此答案为A。

2、As a result of destroying the forests, a large ____ of desert _____ covered the land.（上海2001）A、number; hasB、quantity; hasC、number; haveD、quantity; have真题解析：本题考查名词的修饰和主谓一致问题。

a large number of修饰可数名词，所以先排除A 的C项；desert为不可数名词，后面的谓语动词应该用单数has，所以正确答案是B。

3、All the preparations for the task _________ , and we are ready to start. (2000年全国春季卷)A、completedB、completeC、had been completedD、have been completed真题解析：本题考查名词的主谓一致。

首先，根据句意“所有的准备工作都已经做完了，我们准备开始做。

”可见此处应该用现在完成时；其次，preparations 为复数，即主语为复数，所以用have，故正确答案为D。

4、I told him what I was surprised _________ his attitude towards his study. (2000年春季上海卷)A、isB、wasC、at isD、at was真题解析：本题考查主谓一致、固定搭配和从句时态的问题。

2013.59 Which of the following sentence is grammatically INCORRECT?A. Politics are the art or science of government.B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.2012.51 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him.B. No one except his supporters agree with him. ×C. Neither Julia nor I were going to the party.D. Few students in my class are really lazy.解释：No one expect…就近原则2012.65 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A．Poultry are very expensive in the city.B．New machinery were introduced in the factory. C．The police are investigating the murder case. D．The militia were called out to rescue flood victims.2007.52 All the President's Men______ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A．remain B. remains C. remained D. is remaining2006.62 The statistics ______ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. A. proves B. is proving C. are proving D. prove2004.61Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____for Europe this afternoon. A．are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave主谓一致以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致＊Arthritis(关节炎)，bronchitis(支气管炎), mumps(腮腺炎)，diabetes(糖尿病), Phlebitis(静脉炎)＊Darts(投镖游戏)，Cards(打纸牌)但是，当用于做这些游戏所用的镖或弹子(Marbles)等意义时，用复数。

英语主谓一致真题汇编（含答案）及解析英语主谓一致真题汇编(含答案)及解析一、主谓一致1．---I saw Tom's father bought lots of books yesterday.---That's not strange. Not only Tom but also his father _______reading.A．enjoy B．enjoys C．enjoyed【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——昨天我看见汤姆的爸爸买了许多书。

——那不奇怪，不仅汤姆而且他爸爸喜欢读书。

根据not only..but also… 不仅……而且……，连接句子的两个主语时，谓语动词就近原则，根据句意说明一种情况，用一般现在时态，根据his father单三，所以谓语动词用单数形式；故选B2．Alice, together with her classmates punished for breaking the school rules last week. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：艾丽斯和她的同学上周因违反校规而受到惩罚。

考查一般过去时和主谓一致。

根据last week可知句子时态应用一般过去时，排除A、B选项；together with her classmates在句中作状语，主语是Alice，第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式，排除D选项；故答案选C。

3．Everyone except Tom and Jim _______ going to visit some friends in Shenzhen.A．is B．are C．am D．be【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：除了汤姆和吉姆之外，每个人都会去拜访在深圳的一些朋友。

Except意为“除了”，引起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，主语如是单数，其谓语动词仍然用单数形式，本句主语是everyone，不定代词，谓语动词用be动词单数is，故选A。

专四语法（主谓一致）一．以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题●有些疾病的名称带有-s词尾，通常作单数用● The measles（or mumps，rickets，smallpox，shingles）is a disease very common in this village．●表示游戏名称的名词通常作单数用● Billiards（or Bowls，Dominos，Draughts）is my favorite game．●但：Cards are not interesting to me．●有些学科的名称，虽以-s结尾，却都作单数；但若这类名词表示学科以外的其它意义，便可以做复数用。

● My mathematics are poor．● The economics of this country are stable．● Such politics are foolish．● Such tactics are ridiculous●某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，尽管带有复数词尾，但系一政治实体，做单数用；●但如不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用。

集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题二．集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题●有些有生命的集体名词，如cattle, police，people，youth, mankind, folk等做主语时，谓动常用复数。

●无生命的词，如foliage(叶子），machinery(机械），merchandise(商品、货物）等做主语时，谓动用单数。

●还有一些集体名词如：audience, class, crew, committee, family, team, group, army, police等做主语时，如指一整体，谓动用单数；如指全体中的每一个成员，谓动则用复数。

●如果主语是由“a committee of”等+复数名词，随后的动词常用单数。

高考英语语法专题复习：主谓一致名师箴言：主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。

名师导航：第一关： 1. 语法一致原则的阐述语法一致原则 2. 语法一致原则的用法语法一致原则的阐述：主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单复数形式上的一致。

如果名词中心词是复数，动词就改用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数，而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式。

语法一致原则的用法：1.单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时，谓语动词一般采用单数形式。

名词做主语：The student is clever.这个学生很聪明。

代词做主语：He is doing the experiment.他正在做实验。

动词不定式做主语：To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。

动名词做主语：Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实困难。

主语从句做主语：Whatever was left was taken away.无论剩下什么都被拿走了。

Whether we will go out for an outing tomorrow depends on the weather.我们明天去不去郊游取决于天气。

警示灯：一个主语从句做主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。

What they need are books.他们需要的是书。

2.当主语是and, both…and 连接的并列结构时，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词用复数。

Tom and Jack were close friends.汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。

Both rice and wheat are grown by farmers in China.中国的农民既种植大米也种植小麦。