中国地质大学考博英语2009年阅读题解析English Entrance Examination
For Non-English Major Doctoral Candidates
Paper One
Part I Listening Comprehension(15points,20minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section you will hear several short conversations.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Each conversation and question will be spoken only once.
After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four suggested answers marked(A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1.A)To cancel his trip B)To go to bed early.
C)To catch a later flight D)To ask for a wake-up call
2.A)They have different opinions as to what to do next.
B)They have to pay for the house by installments.
C)They will fix a telephone in the bathroom.
D)The man''s attitude is more sensible than the woman''s.
3.A)She will save the stamps for the man''s sister.
B)She will no longer get letters from Canada.
C)She can''t give the stamps to the man''s sister.
D)She has given the stamps to the man''s roommates.
4.A)Visiting the Brownings B)Writing.
C)Looking for a postcard.D)Filling in a form.
5.A)The man should work with somebody else
B)The man should meet his partner''s needs.
C)They should come to a compromise.
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D)They should find a better lab for the project.
6.A)She can''t finish her assignment,either.
B)She can''t afford a computer right now.
C)The man can use her computer.
D)The man should buy a computer right away.
7.A)The visiting economist has given several lectures.
B)The guest lecturer''s opinion is different from Dr.Johnson''s.
C)Dr.Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.
D)Dr.Johnson invited the economist to visit their college.
8.A)She''s never watched a better game.
B)Football is her favorite pastime.
C)The game has been canceled
D)Their team played very badly.
Section B
Directions:In this section,you will hear three short passage. At the end of each passage,there will be two or three questions.Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once.After each question,there will be a pause.During the pause,you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter A,B,C or D on your Answer Sheet.
Passage1
9.A)He sold fast food.
B)He raised dogs.
C)He was a cook.
D)He was a cartoonist.
10.A)Because the Americans found they were from Germany.
B)Because people thought they contained dog meat.
C)Because people had to get used to their taste.
D)Because it was too hot to eat right away.
Passage2
11.A)They give out faint cries.
B)They make noises to drive away insects.
C)They extend their water pipes.
D)They become elastic like rubber bands.
12.A)They could drive the insects away
B)They could keep the plants well watered.
C)They could make the plants grow faster
D)They could build devices to trap insects.
Passage3
13A)To look for a different lifestyle.B)To enjoy themselves
C)For adventure.D)For education
14A)It is a city of contrasts
B)It possesses many historical sites.
C)It is an important industrial center.
D)It has many big and beautiful parks.
15.A)It helps develop our personalities.
B)It enables us to acquire first-hand knowledge.
C)It makes our life more interesting.
D)It brings about changes in our lifestyle.来源:考试大-考博考试
Part II Reading Comprehension(30points,45minutes)
Directions:In this part there are several passages.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked(A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage1
Every year scientists open more doors that lead to the secrets of
new beneficent drugs.
There is bacitracin,which was discovered by two scientists at Columbia University''s College of Physicians and Surgeons.These two
people,Dr.Frank Meleney and Miss Balbina Johnson,knowing that the
human body had some kind of action in itself with which it fights infections,began to search for the chemical that does this.In the
hospital they examined badly infected wounds of people who had been
hurt in accidents and made tests of the blood and the infected tissue.
Finally,in the wound of a girl who had broken a leg bone,they found the useful germs which seemed to be fighting the poisonous infection.They took some of these into the laboratory and from them
developed cultures;that is,larger masses of the germs with which to
experiment.At last,after long and painstaking work,they were able
to draw from these germs a substance which is a germ destroyer. Dr.
Meleney and Miss Johnson named it bacitracin-baci because the germ is,
in scientific language,a bacillus and tracin for Margaret Tracy, whose broken leg supplied the germ.
Bacitracin at first was used only locally;later the drug was developed into a solution that can be used to fight germ through the
blood stream.
16.Today,the discovery of a new drug occurs.
A)very seldom.B)once in a generation.
C)once every ten years.D)frequently.
17.The scientific term for the action with which the human body
fights infection.
A)drug.B)biotic.
C)not mentioned.D)both A and B.
18.Searching for the fighting chemical,the scientists examined.
A)fresh wounds.B)infected wounds.
C)only infected leg bones.D)only a few wounds.
19.Cultures,as used in this article,are.
A)masses of germs.
B)blood tests.
C)masses of infected tissue.
D)poisonous germs.
20.Bacitracin.
A)is poisonous.B)destroys germs.
C)restores broken bones.D)develops germs.
21.To say that a drug was used locally is to say that it was.
A)distributed through the whole system.
B)used only in the area of infection.
C)used only at Columbia
D)used only in hospitals.
22.From reading this selection you can infer that
A)many scientific discoveries are due to chance.
B)every year scientists discover new beneficent drugs.
C)behind medical discovery there may be a dramatic story.
D)culture are large masses of germs.
Passage2
Our echo sounder located the wreck of a French submarine that had foundered during the war in seventy-five feet of water outside Dakar
harbor.Dumas and I plunged down and found the vessel lying clean and
upright,surrounded by such clouds of fish as we had rarely seen-small
silver fingerlings and dark metals.As Dumas swam into the shadow of
the port propeller,he came face to face with a gigantic fish, grouper
variety,cousin to our familiar Mediterranean meroblast-fish. This
specimen was ten times the size of our old acquaintances:he weighed
at least four hundred pounds.The wide,flat head and tiny eyes advanced on Dumas;the ugly mouth yawned open,wide enough to admit
him.Dumas knew that sedentary groupers have no teeth to speak of;it
seemed,however,that this individual might wish to swallow him unmasticated in the fashion of the mero type which swims agape(大张着嘴),
taking in whole octopuses(章鱼).
The cavernous mouth approached within two feet;Dumas sculled backward,watchfully keeping a modest interval as the monster unhurriedly followed.The knowledge that the species was harmless gave
Dumas little comfort as he gazed into the fish''s mouth;he and the
grouper exchanged mutual stares of revulsion for a seemingly interminable period while Dumas was steadily pressed back.Then the
beast lost interest,turned aside,and returned to its dim home under
the lost submarine.Dumas surfaced in a reflective mood:"Imagine being swallowed by a lousy grouper."
23.Dumas encountered the jewfish while.
A)trying to locate an old wreck.
B)skin fishing in Dakar harbor.
C)swimming near a foundered submarine.
D)attempting to salvage a submarine.
24.The gigantic fish was actually.
A)an extraordinarily large pomfret.
C)a kind of grouper fish.
B)a mero.
D)both B and C.25.This type of fish was supposed to be.
A)dangerous if provoked.B)vicious.
C)harmless.D)afraid of man.
26.Dumas regarded the fish with.
A)tolerant amusement.
B)immediate terror.
C)complete objectivity.
D)increasing suspicion.
27.It seemed to Dumas that the fish wished to.
A)drive him away from its home.
B)swallow him whole.
C)protect itself.
D)force him to surface.
28.Dumas''comment on surfacing expressed.
A)terror at a near escape.
B)shame at his reaction to the fish.
C)the unreasonableness of the situation.
D)revulsion for the fish.
29.Implied but not stated:The fish.
A)intended to eat Dumas.
B)acted out of simple curiosity.
C)lived under the submarine.
D)had been misidentified by Dumas.
Passage3
Reruns of situation comedies from the fifties and early sixties dramatize the kinds of problems that parents used to have with their children.The Cleavers scold Beaver for not washing his hands before dinner,the Andersons punish Bud for not doing his homework;the Nelsons dock little Ricky’s allowance because he keeps forgetting to clean his room.But times have changed dramatically.Being a parent today is much more difficult than it was a generation ago.
Today’s parents must try,first of all,to control all the new distractions that tempt children away from schoolwork.At home,a child may have a room furnished with a stereo and television.Not many young people can resist the urge to listen to an album or watch MTV-especially if it is time to do schoolwork.Outside the home,the distractions are even more alluring,children no longer“hang out”on a neighborhood corner within earshot of Mom or Dad’s reminder to come in and do homework..Instead,,they congregate in vast shopping malls,buzzing video arcades and gleaming fast-food restaurants. Parents and school assignments have obvious difficulty competing with such enticing alternatives.
Besides dealing with these distractions,parents also have to shield their children from a flood of***ually explicit materials. Today,children can find***magazines and pornographic paperbacks in the same corner store that once offered only comics and candy. Moreover,the movies young people attend often focus on highly***ual situations.It is difficult to teach children traditional values when films show teachers seducing students and young people treating*** as a casual sport.An even more difficult matter for parents is the heavily***ual content of programs on television.
Most disturbing to parents today,however,is the increase in life-threatening dangers that face young people.When children are small,parents fear that their youngsters may be victims of violence. Every news program seems to carry a report about a mass murderer who preys on young girls,a deviant who has buried six boys in his cellar,
or an organized child pornography ring that molests preschoolers. When children are older,parents begin to worry about their kids’use of drugs.Peer pressure to experiment with drugs is often stronger than parents’warnings.This pressure to experiment can be fatal if the drugs have been mixed with dangerous chemicals.
Within one generation,the world as a place to raise children has changed dramatically.One wonders how yesterday’s parents would have dealt with today’s problems.Could the Andersons have kept Bud away from MTV?Could the Nelsons have shielded little Ricky from***ually explicit material?Could the Cleavers have protected Beaver from drugs?Parents must be aware of all these distractions and dangers, yet be willing to give their children the freedom they need to become responsible adults.It is not an easy task..
30.Parents today must protect their children from all of the following except_______.
A)Drug abuse
B)Life-threatening situations
C)Drinking too much beverage
D)Sexually explicit materials
31.Traditional values become more difficult for younger generation to accept because________.
A)Teachers set bad examples for students
B)Bad side effects on children from TV and films outweigh the traditional education
C)Parents failed in educating their children
D)The younger generation can not resist the temptation from all sorts of distractions
32.According to the author,what the parents now most fear for about their children is________.
A)Physical dangers B).Violent TV programs
C)Enticing alternatives D).Sex magazines
33.Which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude towards being a responsible parent?
A)Frustrated.B)Pessimistic.
C).Wait-and–see.D)Positive
34.It can be inferred from the passage that parents today
________.
A)Must pay much more attention to their children’s behavior
B)Have to strengthen the education on traditional values
C)Have to strike a balance between their need to provide limitations and their children’s need for freedom
D)Must prevent their children from all kinds of seductions of the society
35.The author develops her main idea by_________.
A)Complaining about some social influences on children
B)Comparing education of yesterday with that of today
C)Explaining parents’worries today
D)Stating her own points with vivid examples
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age
中央财经大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late1800s.Morgan,along with Tylor,was one of the founders of modern anthropology.In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________. In the early1900s in North America,German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism.Historical particularism,which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures,gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________. Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________. （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology,largely through the influence of many students of Boas.But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few,especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists,then spread to other cultures. 45.________________. Also in the early1900s,French sociologistémile Durkheim
西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析 I.In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET,(15points) EXAMPLE: I was caught_the rain yesterday. A.in B.by C.with D.at ANSWER:(A) l.Those two families have been quarrelling__each other for many years. A.to B.between C.against D.with 2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared___ A.in B.with C.among D.by 3."How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another."Oh,__times,I guess,"was the reply. A.hundred of B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred 4.Give me your telephone number__I need your help. A.whether B.unless C.so that D.in case 5.You sang well last night.We hope you'll sing__. A.more better B.still better C.nicely D.best 6.Those people__a general understanding of the present situation. https://www.doczj.com/doc/f016635300.html,ck of B.are lacking of https://www.doczj.com/doc/f016635300.html,ck D.are in lack 7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work
2015西南财经大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、西南财经大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇,30题15分 Part2:阅读理解,四篇20题40分 Part3:短文翻译,英译汉15分汉译英15分 Part4:作文,15分 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
Passage10肺癌 Among all the malignancies,lung cancer is the biggest killer;more than 100,000Americans die of the disease,giving up smoking is one of obvious ways to reduce the risk,but another answer may lie in the kitchen.According to a new report,even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by eating a daily portion of carrots,spinach or any other vegetable or fruit containing a form of vitamin A called carotene. The finding,published in The Lancet,is part of a long-range investigation of diet and disease.Since1957,some American researchers have monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of2,000middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co.in Chicago.Led by Dr.Richard Shekelle of St.Luke’s Medical Center,and the researchers recently began to sort out the links between the subjects’dietary patterns and cancer.Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offers some protection against lung cancer.The correlation seemed logical,explains Shekelle,since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial(上皮的)tissue that lines the airways of the lungs. But the earlier research did not distinguish between the two different forms of the vitamin.“Preformed”vitamin A,known as retinol,is found mainly in liver and dairy products like milk,cheese,butter and eggs.But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene,which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots,spinach,squash,tomatoes,sweet potatoes and apples.
武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 （满分值100分） 科目名称：英语科目代码：1101 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.
考博心得之考博英语阅读理解 阅读理解在大家看来，是英语考试中最关键的部分，因为这部分所占的分数最多，在试卷中的地位举足轻重。有很多方面的书籍，介绍大家如何来提高阅读理解水平，却很少提到不同类别的英语考试试卷中，都有自己的出题特点。其结果是，大凡英语考试，大家都采用几乎一样的思考模式，这在相当程度上影响了具体类别考试复习时的针对性。 首先，介绍如何提高阅读理解的基本功 很多参考书中（推荐一本考博英语阅读理解精练220篇(上下册)）。都提到在阅读时，不能读出声来，要快速的阅读。要达到这个水平需要相当的训练，可惜的是大部分考生由于各种原因，没有这样的条件。根据个人的体会，阅读中，碰到的最大问题往往不是理解不了其中内容，经常让人头痛的是阅读过程中，会在一些关键地方碰到自己不认识的单词，大大影响了自己对文章的领悟。所以第一个基本功还是词汇部分，我们不需要把大纲中所有的词汇（考博英语10000词汇详解）都会拼写，因为除了写作之外，会认某个词与会写某个词没区别，即使是写作，用到的词也都是常见的。 学会用自己的呼吸来控制自己的阅读，进而提高阅读速度。这点可能不少朋友没有听说过吧，对，这是我自己体会后总结出来的。针对一个句子，大家要学着在吸气的过程中，看明白前半部分的意思，而在呼气的过程中，看明白后一半的内容。开始训练时，大部分人达不到这个要求，没关系，重新吸气，呼气，直到这个句子看懂。选择的文章不要太难，但也不能过于简单，仔细体会这个过程。 我比较推荐的一个方法是：充分利用选择填空题目，在要填空的位置上，先写上正确的答案，然后尝试着在一个呼吸过程中看懂它所表述的意思。这不仅将来能提高选择填空的阅读速度，也提高了语感。当训练的差不多后，可以转入阅读文章了，把呼吸和大脑的思维连贯性统一起来。 其次，阅读理解过程中，需要从头读到尾吗？ 这个问题，我也曾经问了自己很多次。经过尝试后，我总结的经验是没必要。说起来大家可能不相信，我觉得阅读理解，如其说是阅读，不如说是把文章的内容结构搞懂：这篇阅读理解分了几个段落？每个段落中最重要的那个主旨句要表达的是什么意思？文章作者是以什么口气、什么态度来看待自己文章所描述的内容的？实际就是从宏观上把握作者的意图 全面阅读有什么不？第一个就是浪费时间，考试中的时间是最宝贵的，如果费了不少时间读懂了文章的某些内容（即使是比较重要的），可偏巧这在后边的题目中又没有体现出来，不就是浪费时间和精力吗？第二就是使得人容易忘记其他部分的内容，当我们看第一段的时候，看明白它的内容了，可当你把最后一段也看懂之，第一段的内容你还能记得多少呢？这个问题在阅读理解进行到第三篇，第四篇的时候尤其突出，以至于头晕脑胀。相信很多人有这个感觉，英语考试过程中，觉得自己脑力不够用，或者考试结束后有朦胧的倦意。这对后边题目的完成绝对是个巨大威胁。第三就是缺乏对整个文章的理解，由于在全面阅读过程中，人的精力集中在具体句子的理解上，冲淡了整体的认识，而几乎每个阅读理解后的题目中，总少不了1个或2个关于文章整体概括性的题目，稍有偏差，就会出错。
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein
考博英语阅读资料100篇 Unit One Passage 1 The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects: transportation and storage. Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing. The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products. Transportation can be by truck, rail- way, ship, or barge. For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid delivery is essential, air freight may be used. Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption of goods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made. Inventories build up, both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold. The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retail stores. Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price. If, for example, no agricultural product could be stored, all food would have to be put on the market immediately. This would, of course, create a glut and lower prices drastically. There would be an immediate benefit to consumers, but in the long run they would suffer. Farmers, because of low prices, would be forced off the land, and the amount of food produced would decrease. This, in turn, would raise consumer prices. Warehouses for storage are of several types. Private warehouses are owned by manufactur-ers. Public warehouses, in spite of their name, are privately owned facilities, but they are in-dependent of manufacturer ownership. General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety of products. Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods, especially food products. Grain ele-vators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling. A bonded warehouse is one that stores foods, frequently imported, on which taxes must be paid before they are sold. Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples. The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse. Many large com- panics have several manufacturing plants, sometimes located outside the country. Each plant does not make every company product but specializes in one or more of them. The distribution center allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place. Its purpose is to minimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than build up extensive inventories. It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover. V ery large corporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationally based 1. The main subject of this passage is______. A) transportation and storage B) storage of products C) distribution center D) two main aspects of product distribution 2. Warehousing is important in that _ A) inventories build up before the goods are sold B) the prices will go down C) more goods are produced than can be consumed D) the food has to be put on the market immediately 3. How many types of warehouses for storage are discussed in the passage?
2015河海大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、河海大学考博英语题型 初试的笔试科目为外国语(听力测试在复试中进行)、政治理论和两门业务课，其中英语试题构成一般为词汇结构10%，填空及改错10%，阅读40%，写作和翻译40%。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本
考博英语阅读理解模拟练习及解析（5） Real policemen,both Britain and the United States hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV-if they ever get home in time.There are similarities,of course,but the cops don't think much of them. The first difference is that a policeman's real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law.He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer,and what is more,he has to apply it on his feet,in the dark and rain,running down an alley after someone he has to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily clad ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminal.He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad,unimportant people who are guilty-or not-of stupid,petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal;as soon as he's arrested,the story is over.In real life,finding criminals is seldom much of a problem.Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks-where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police-little effort is spent on searching.The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. Having made an arrest,a detective really starts to work.He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don't want to get involved in a court case.So as well as being overworked,a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them,usually against their own best interests,to help him. A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives.Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures:first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality,secondly,as expensive public servants they have to get results.They can hardly ever do both.Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways. If the detective has to deceive the world,the world often deceives him.Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth.And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness-as he sees it-of citizens,social workers,doctors,law makers,and judges,who,instead of stamping out crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.The result,detectives feel,is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars.This makes them rather cynical. 1．It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law________.