GPS and Map Matching Based Vehicle Accident Detection System

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GPS󰀄and󰀄Map󰀄Matching󰀄Based󰀄Vehicle󰀄Accident

Detection󰀄System

CONFERENCE󰀇PAPER󰀃·󰀃DECEMBER󰀃2013

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861󰀇AUTHOR:

Md󰀃Syedul󰀃Amin

National󰀃University󰀃of󰀃Malaysia

3󰀃PUBLICATIONS󰀃󰀃󰀃2󰀃CITATIONS󰀃󰀃󰀃

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Available󰀃from:󰀃Md󰀃Syedul󰀃AminRetrieved󰀃on:󰀃28󰀃October󰀃2015GPS and Map Matching Based Vehicle Accident

Detection System

Md. Syedul Amin, Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan

Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz, Salwa Sheikh Nasir

Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract— GPS (Global Positioning System) has become an integral part of a vehicle system which provides speed, time, direction etc besides the navigation data. Speed is one of the

primary attributes of vehicle accident. Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could receive accident information timely. This paper proposes to detect an accident from the map matched position of a vehicle by utilizing the GPS

speed data and map matching algorithm and send accident location to an Alert Service Center. The GPS provides speed and position in every 0.1 second. The position data will be used in the map matching algorithm to locate the vehicle on the road. The

present speed will be compared with the previous speed in every 0.1 second through a Microcontroller Unit. Whenever the speed will be falling below the safe calculated threshold speed, the system will generate an accident situation. It will check the

vehicle location from map matching module and generate an accident situation if the vehicle is found outside the road network. This will reduce the false accident detection drastically. The map matched accident location is then sent by utilizing the

GSM network. The proposed system will save many accident victims with timely rescue.

Keywords— accident; GPS; GSM; map matching, SMS;

I. INTRODUCTION

Speed is one of the most important and basic risk factors in

driving. It not only affects the severity of a crash, but also

increases risk of being involved in a crash. Despite many

efforts taken by different governmental and non-governmental

organizations all around the world by various programs to

aware against careless driving, yet accidents are taking place

every now and then. However, many lives could have been

saved if the emergency service could get the crash information

in time. A study by Virtanen et al. shows that 4.6% of the

fatalities in accidents could have been prevented only in

Finland if the emergency services could be provided at the

place of accident at the proper time [1]. As such, an efficient

automatic accident detection with an automatic notification to

the emergency service with the accident location is a prime

need to save the precious human life.

Nowadays, GPS has become an integral part of a vehicle

system. GPS is a popular technology which was developed by

American Department of Defense (DoD) for military use. Later

on it was available for civilian use. It can provide accurate

time, location coordinate and speed. On the other hand, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) is a digital mobile

telephony system that is widely used. More than 690 mobile

networks provide GSM services across 213 countries and GSM

represents 82.4% of all global mobile connections. Besides the

voice communication, it also offers Short Message Service

(SMS) and General packet radio service (GPRS) to transfer

data.

Modern navigation has been utilizing the various sensors to

collect information to locate the position of a vehicle since

early 1960. In recent days, GPS has become a dominant source

for position information in a vehicle. The trajectory and

location of a vehicle are restricted by the road network. Thus,

the digital road network map can be used to impose this

constraints on the navigation solution for a vehicle. Map-

matching (MM) algorithms integrate Global Positioning

System (GPS) data with spatial road network data to identify

the correct link on which a vehicle is travelling and determine

the physical location of the vehicle on the link [2]. The

integration of MM and GPS data can be used to detect a

vehicle accident and the position information can be sent to

Rescue Service Center for rescuing the accident victims.

Many researchers carried out their studies on accident

detection system. The real-time traffic accident prediction