高考英语作文必背模版2017-2019年上海作文试题加范文（201701）ShynessIf you suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are learning more about its causes.The first environmental cause of shyness many be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbours and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel socially inhibited, or shy, when they start school.A second environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan, 57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Henderson and Zimbardo say, “One expectation is that in Japan an individual performance success is credited externally to parents, teachers, and others, while fa ilure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore Japanese learn not take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years .Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants, and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In shor t, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.Reference answer:Shyness is common and it has environmental causes, including home and family life, culture and technology. Firstly, with smaller families and working parents, children lack social interactions. Secondly, blaming failure on individuals causes people in some culture to be shy in public. Finally, with the development of technol ogy, people have fewer opportunities to socialize in person.（201706）Rote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ‘by rote’ as ‘from memory’, without thought of the meaning; in a mechanical way.The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends’ phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War II broke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about six seconds? But now there are voices for a need to return to rote learning.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understa nding of a subject.While the internet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself---with flashcards or by repetition---is usually hard and boring work, which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you’ve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learning, you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.Reference answer:Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learners in rote learning and makes memorization m ore interesting and individualized.（201801）To Laugh Is HumanMost of us don’t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people’s laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another.Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hun t, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.Reference answer:A.Scientists think humans are born with the ability to laugh, but why do we laugh? We laugh to feel closer to one another. Laughter helps us to be recognized so we laugh more in groups than when alone. Laughter also evolved from a more basic need to survive as it promoted cooperation, enabling humans to survive better. (59w)(be born with= be inborn/ accepted= recognized= identified/ be born out of= evolve from =come from =originate from)ughter is unconscious, infectious and basic. It brings us a trustworthy, comfortable and honest feeling, thus better maintaining friendships. Chances are that we laugh more with others around, contributing to prompting recognition and feeling more connected with one another. Scientists assure that laughter resulted in greater cooperation between individuals in ancient times, as better cooperation leads to survival. (58w)C.We were born with the ability of helping and scientists think the reason why we laugh is that we feel connected with others and we want to be recognized by others. Besides, laughter helps people to cooperate to survive with. (40w)（201806）Becoming an attractive employeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fas t-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it’s especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise( 专业技能) in technology, marketing andnetworking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It’s important that an applicant’s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this . These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: “What would be expected of me as an employee?” In today’s tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.Reference answer:How can young people attract their future employers? First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal -oriented. Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration.（201901）Where are the bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as strawberries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In 2006,bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster(CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006,some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. T his means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.龚露老师制作整理，最新教研资料，请加 QQ 群 841095794，请关注公众微信号 GLEnglishSZThe exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the loss of that tiny flying insect.Reference answer: Significant role though bees play in pollination and keeping the ecological balance, their number is witnessing a constant drop. A host of bee keepers reported the bee hives gradually faded away and the reasons behind were complex. The most striking one might be that bees died off during the exhausting journey to their working farms or they took in heavily polluted food. Bees’ extinction should be laid great emphasis on as it might spell unintended disasters for the environment.(78 words).上海高考英语真题——写作(201701)假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，你的好友李宏今年暑期将赴英国参加为期两个月的海外交流活动。
