江苏省射阳县第二中学2015-2016学年高一下学期开学期初考试英语试题

江苏省射阳县第二中学2016高考英语一轮复习综合测试班级_____________姓名______________学号_______审核_____________第一节单项填空（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分）21. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times．A．the; the B．a; a C．a; 不填D．不填；a22. She prefers the sofa made of real leather although it costs more than that made of___leather.A. fascinatingB. permanentC. artificialD. Conventional23. After class, Mr. Li’s extra instructions to the class helped ____the assignment to his students.A. classifyB. clarifyC. caterD. compensate24. It can be easy to ______such bad habits as smoking and drinking, but it is not so easyto quit.A. slide intoB. turn intoC. put intoD. draft into25. My demand is that the information_______ in my report _____ to Mr. Brown without delay.A. referred to, to be e-mailedB. referring to ,e-mailedC. referred to, be e-mailedD. referring to, being e-mailed26. To order tickets for the 2016 Riode Janeiro Olympic Games, just call 00982012. It _______be simpler.A. mustB. couldC. mustn’tD. couldn’t27. ____along the quiet road at forty miles an hour, and then an old man suddenly startedto cross the road in front of me.A. DrivingB. When I was drivingC. I was drivingD. Having driven28. The inner connection for the entire area _____when there was a sudden power cut yesterday.A. lostB. was lostC. had lostD. had been lost29. _____ of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend ____ her.A. Warning, followingB. Having warned, followingC. Having been warned, followingD. Warned, followed30. Men are more suited to occupational environments ________ require decisive action whilewomen are better at jobs ________ a considered approach is most important.A. which; thatB. /; whenC. which; whenD. that; where31. A scientist who can speak English is in closer touch with those of other countries than ______ wh o doesn’t.A. thatB. thoseC. /D. one32. — Mr. Smith never means what he says．I dislike him．— ______________, as the saying goes．A. A single flower does not make a springB. A still tongue makes a wise headC. A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weedsD. Actions speak louder than words．33. __________ af ter a whole day’s work that he could hardly stand it.A. So he was tired and hungryB. Was he so tired and hungryC. So tired and hungry was heD. So tired and hungry he was34. Everybody knows about it! No one knows _________ prevented the rumor from spreading.A. what was it thatB. what it was thatC. how it was thatD. why it was that35. --Wow, isn’t this handsome device the most popular iphone5? Can I have a look at it?--______.A. No, you can’tB. Sorry, it’s e xpensiveC. Of course, it looks goodD. Yes, go ahead第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)My parents passed away ten years ago and I miss them terribly. But I know they are with me every day in what they taught me and in the 36 they gave me. Every morning my father’s message to me was: “Remember that 37 you walk out of this door, you carry responsibility, the good name of this family, the hopes and dreams of your mom and dad. My mother often urged me to 38 the high standards she set for me.When I was in high school, I played in a rock band with friends in my clas s. We were devoted and practiced constantly. We moved past the guys–in–a–garage stage and 39 to be pretty good, doing getting–paid gigs (演奏会) most weekends, which made me 40 . At that time, though part of me was 41 up in that band, another part of me was the oldest son in the Clark family, 42 of my origin and a dedicated student busy applying to colleges. Without even telling my parents, I applied to Harvard. I didn’t think I had much chance of getting in, 43 I wanted to try. So I was riding around being Mr Cool Rock Musician half of the time, and the other half I was focused on family and 44 goals. I was running on parallel 45 .When the group won a city wide Battle of the Bands, things heated up. My band mates had stars in their eyes –we might be able to make it big. However, I began to feel 46 .I realized I was on quite different tracks: I 47 was becoming two people, 48 identities back and forth depending on who I was with. I had to make an option. As I considered my 49 , my parents’ words were right there, helping me to see that my dreams weren’t about signing a record deal, letting my hair grow, and living in a tour bus. So I 50 out. My bandmasters were 51 . They thought I was crazy to withdraw 52 the peak of real success. But however successful that band got, I knew it wasn’t in line with my 53 , with my feeling of what I was 54 to do, with who I was – it simply wasn’t me.In that instant and in many others throughout my life, my parent’s advice has helped me recenter and 55 . I could remember who I was – the hopes and dreams I carried.36. A. property B. advice C. guide D. aid37. A. when B. before C. while D. since38. A. come up with B. stand up to C. live up to D. keep pace with39. A. got B. failed C. hoped D. attempted40. A. lost B. disappointed C. confused D. thrilled41. A. wrapped B. centred C. spent D. offered42. A. scared B. proud C. guilty D. ashamed43. A. if B. unless C. until D. yet44. A. economic B. political C. academic D. literary45. A. tracks B. ways C. processes D. directions46. A. confident B. optimistic C. cheerful D. uncomfortable47. A. exactly B. actually C. eventually D. fortunately48. A. switching B. acting C. discovering D. seeking49. A. conditions B. choices C. competence D. health50. A. g ave B. looked C. called D. dropped51. A. disturbed B. cool C. shocked D. tolerant52. A. in B. to C. by D. at53. A. goals B. interests C. personality D. consideration54. A. meant B. demanded C. for ced D. aimed55. A. recall B. refocus C. rebuild D. reunite第二卷(两部分，共35分)第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)Guiding students through open-ended discussions can help students develop their understanding of the nature of science.One useful practice in classroom discussions involves developing a discussion map. A discussion map is a graphic timeline created by the teacher on which a discussion is recorded --- who initially states the idea and who adds to or refuses the idea.Discussion maps let teachers gain a deep understanding of students’ level of participation, the origins of ideas, and the claims that seem meaningful, useful, and/or reasonable to students. They also give the teacher an idea of students’ science thoughts of phenomena and ideas.To make a discussion map, the teacher needs to do a couple of things. First, the teacher needs to keep informed of the ideas that are shared and who shared the idea. The teacher does this as the children talk, making quick notes of the ideas and thoughts. It can be helpful to record the discussion, but it isn’t required. Then, after the discussion is over, the teacher reflectively creates the discussion map to clarify the understanding of the ideas and connections that students were making in their talk.Educators have identified discussions as consistent with reform recommendations in that they help children learn about the nature science and are useful in combining literacy and science. It is suggested that discussions can be useful for teachers in evaluating students’ ideas and building excitement as science. Discussions offer windows on students’ thinking, provide students who s truggle in reading and writing with a chance to participate more actively in class, and create situations where students can express their ideas differently than in traditional schools tasks.However, I suggest that there are additional reasons for having reasoned discussions in classrooms. First, discussions like this allow students to use their own vocabulary --- the words and terms that make sense to them and their classmates --- to drive the intellectual and academic work of understand phenomena. Many times learning science can become focused on learning terms but not necessarily understanding and explaining phenomena. Second, discussions allow students to think about their experiences and the things that they know and try to reconcile these with science ideas. This is challenging, but working together with classmates can help. Finally, reasoned discussions are fundamentally scientific because they offer an open forum that allows all students to be heard, and students’ ideas can be evaluated and connected to their experiences with scientific explanations of thosephenomena. For example, during the children’s reasoned discussion about plants, the group came to the agreement that seeds grow into plants. The students understood that most seeds get buried in the ground, the seeds get wet, and then plants grow. This led to a question about whether the seed was still in the ground when the plant had grown into an adult plant. The students came up with several ideas about where the seeds were. During this conversation, the teacher took careful notes so that later investigations could respond to the questions that children were asking. Thus the students were working together using their ideas and understandings and realized something as a group that they didn’t understand as2015秋高三英语作业（16）班级_____________姓名______________学号_______审核_____________ASome say every day miracles are predestined (注定的)---- All that’s necessary is readiness, the right circumstance for the appointed meeting. And it can happen anywhere.In 1999, 11-year-old Kevin Stephan was a bat boy for his younger brother's Little League team in Lancaster, New York. It was an early evening in late July. Kevin was standing on the grass away from the plate, where another youngster was warming up for the next game. Swinging his bat back and forth, and giving it all the power an elementary school kid could give, the boy brought the bat back hard and hit Kevin in the chest. His heart stopped.When Kevin fell to the ground, the mother of one of the players rushed out of the stands to his aid. Penny Brown hadn't planned to be there that day, but at the last minute, she had changed her shift (轮班) at the hospital, and she was given the night off. Penny bent over the senseless boy, his face already starting to turn blue, and giving CPR, breathing into his mouth and giving chest compressions (按压). And he came to life.After his recovery, he became a volunteer junior firefighter, learning some of the emergency first-aid techniques that had saved his life. He studied hard in school and was saving money for college by working as a dishwasher in a local restaurant in his spare time.Kevin, now 17, was working in the kitchen when he heard people screaming, customers in confusion, employees rushing toward a table. He hurried into the main room and saw a woman there, her face turning blue, her hands at her throat. She was choking .Quickly Kevin stepped behind her, wrapped his arms around her and clasped his hands. Then, using skills he'd first learned in Scouts, the food that was trapped in the woman's throat was freed. The color began to return to her face.“The food was stuck. I couldn't breathe,” she said. She thought she was dying. “I was very frightened.”Who was the woman? Penny Brown.56. Kevin Stephan fell to the ground and fainted probably because ________.A. he stood close to the boy who was swinging his batB. he suffered from heart attack all of a suddenC. he was too excited when watching the gameD. he swung the bat too hard to keep his balance57. Which of the following statements is True of K evin Stephan?A. He was hit on the face by a boy and almost lost his life.B. He was a volunteer junior firefighter, teaching the players first-aid skills.C. He worked part-time in a local restaurant to save money for college.D. He saved Penny Brown though he didn’t really know how to deal with food choke58. Why did Penny Brown change her shift and was given the night off that night?A. She was there to give her son directions.B. She volunteered to give medical services.C. She was a little worried about her son’s safety.D. She came to watch her son’s game and cheered him .BToday is National Bike-to-Work Day. And on New York City’s jammed streets, people are cycling on hundreds of miles of new bike lanes. But New York’s widespread efforts to make streets safer for bikes have also left some locals complaining about the loss of parking spots and lanes for cars.When the weather is good, Aaron Naparstek likes to p edal（用踏板踩）his two young kids to school on a special Dutch-made bicycle. Naparstek supports the new lane.Aaron: The bike lane on Prospect Park West is really introducing a lot of new people to the idea that it’s possible to use a bike in New York City for tra nsportation or to travel around.This is what 21st century New York City looks like.Prospect Park West is still a one-way road, but where it used to have three lanes of car traffic, now it has two, plus a protected bike lane. Supporters say that makes the road safer for everyone, including pedestrians, by slowing down cars and taking bikes off the sidewalk. But some longtime residents disagree. Lois Carswell is president of a group called Seniors for Safety. She says the two-way bike lane is dangerous to older residents who are used to one-way traffic.Lois:We wanted a lane —the right kind of lane that would ke ep everybody safe, that would keep the bikers safe. But we want it to be done the right way. And it has not been done the right way.Craig Palmer builds bars and restaurants in Manhattan. I was interviewing him for a different story when he brought up the bike lanes all on his own.Craig: I think the biggest problem is that Bloomberg put all these bike lanes in. You took what used to be a full stree t and you’re shrinking it.Then there are the Hasidic Jews in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, who forced the city to remove a bike lane through their neighborhood. But polls show that the majority of New Yorkers support bike lanes by a margin of 56% to 39%. Bicycle advocate Caroline Samponaro of Transportation Alternatives calls that a mandate.Caroline: If this was an election, we would have already had our victory. The public has spoken and they keep speaking. And I think, more importantly, the public is starting to vote with their pedals.59. What does Aaron mean by saying “This is what 21st century New York City looks like.”?A. There are hundreds of miles of new bike lanes in 21 st century New York City.B. Drivers slow down their cars and bikes are taken off the sidewalk in New York.C. Bikes are used as a means of transport in 21 st centu ry New York City.D. It’s possible to make the streets safe for pedestrians in New York.60. According to the passage, which of the following CANNOT support the opponents of thesenew bike lanes?A. Drivers lose parking spots and lanes for cars.B. The two-way bike lane is dangerous to older residents.C. We took what used to be a full street so the road is broader than before.D. The removal of one bike lane through a neighbourhood in Brooklyn was not supportedby the majority of New Yorkers.61. “A mandate” in Paragraph 8 was referred to a demand or command from ______.A. the authorityB. the publicC. the supportersD. the government62. What of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Ride on National Bike-to-Work DayB. A New Bike Lane Appears in New YorkC. A Bike Lane Divides New YorkersD. Who Wins an ElectionCFood sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release（释放）poisons that make people sick.Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.63. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.B. Food poisoning means death.C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.D. Food poisoning can be serious.64. Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT .A. some chemicalsB. low temperaturesC. some tiny living thingsD. certain natural materials65.From Paragraph 5,we can learn that .A. mushrooms should not be eatenB. vegetables are safer than meat and seafoodC. natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicalsD. different types of food should be handled differently66. It can be inferred from the passage that .A.natural materials are safe in food processingB.chemicals are needed in food processingC. food poisoning can be kept under controlD. food poisoning is out of controlDKincaid looked at his watch: eight-seventeen. The truck started on the second try, and he backed out, shifted gears, and moved slowly down the alley under hazy sun. Through the streets of Bellingham he went, heading south on Washington 11, running along the coast of Puget Sound for a few miles, then following the highway as it swung east a little before meeting U.S Route 20.Turning into the sun, he began the long, winding drive through the Cascades. He liked this country and felt unstressed stopping now and then to make notes about interesting possibilities for future expeditions or to shoot what he called “memory snapshots.” The purpose of these causal photographs was to remind him of places he might want to visit again and approach more seriously. In later afternoon he turned north at Spokane, picking up U.S. Route 2, which would take him halfway across the northern United States to Duluth, Minnesota.He wished for the thousandth time in his life that he had a dog, a golden retriever, maybe, for travels like this and to keep him company at home. But he was frequently away; overseas much of the time and it would not be fair to the animal. Still, he thought about it anyway. In a few years he would be getting too old for the hard fieldwork. “I must geta dog then.” He said to himself.Drives like this always put him into a sentimental mood. The dog was part of it. Robert Kincaid was alone as it’s possible to be—an only child, parents both dead, distant relatives who had lost track of him and he of them, no close friends.He thought about Marian. She had left him nine years ago after five years of marriage. He was fifty-two now, that would make her just under forty. Marian had dreams of becoming a musician, a folksinger. She knew all of the Weavers’ songs and sang them pretty well in the coffeehouse of Seattle. When he was home in the old days, he drove her to the shows and sat in the audience while she sang.His long absences—two or three months sometimes—were hard on the marriage. He knew that. She was aware of what he did when they d ecided to get married, and both of them had a vague(not clear) sense that it could all be handled somehow. It couldn’t when he came from photographing a story in Iceland and, she was gone. The note read, “Robert, it didn’t work out, I left you the Harmony guitar. Stay in touch.”He didn’t stay in touch, neither did she. He’s signed the divorce papers when they arrived a year later and caught a plane for Australia the next day. She had asked for nothing except her freedom.67. Which statement is true according to the passage?A. Kincaid’s parents were dead and he only kept in touch with some distant relatives.B. Kincaid would have had a dog if he hadn’t been away from home too much.C. Kincaid used to have a golden retriever.D. Kincaid needed a dog in doing his hard fieldwork.68. Why did Kincaid stop to take photos while driving?A. To write “memory snapshots”B. To remind himself of places he might want to visit again.C. To avoid forgetting the way back.D. To shoot beautiful scenery along the road.69. What can you know about Marian?A. She died after five years of marriage.B. She was older than Kincaid.C. She could sing very well and earned big money.D. She was not a professional pop singer.70. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that .A. Marian knew what would happen well before she married Kincaid.B. Kincaid thought his absence would be a problem when he married Marian.C. It turned out that Marian could not stand Kincaid’s absence and left him.D. After Marian left him, they still kept in touch with each other.。

2015—2016学年江苏省盐城市射阳二中高一（下）期初化学试卷一.单选题（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，每小题3分，共69分)1．在下列物质种类中，前者包含后者的是（）A．单质化合物B．电解质化合物C．浊液胶体D．混合物溶液2．下列有关摩尔使用的说法中不正确的是（）A．1mol O B．1mol O2C．1mol氧原子D．1摩尔小麦3．钛（Ti)金属常被称为未来钢铁．钛元素的同位素、、、、中，中子数不可能为（）A．30 B．28 C．26 D．244．下列溶液中Cl﹣的浓度与150mL0.5mol/L氯化铝溶液中的氯离子的浓度相等的是（）A．150mL1mol/L氯化镁溶液B．450mL1。

5 mol/L氯酸钾溶液C．50mL1.5 mol/L氯化钾溶液D．50mL0.5 mol/L氯化铜溶液5．将下列各组物质按酸、碱、盐分类顺序排列正确的是（）A．硫酸纯碱硫酸钠B．氢溴酸烧碱绿矾C．碳酸乙酸醋酸钠D．磷酸熟石灰苛性钠6．下列盛放物质的方法错误的是（）A．将金属钠保存在煤油中B．少量的白磷可保存在水中C．纯碱溶液用带磨口玻璃瓶塞的试剂瓶保存D．硝酸银溶液盛放在棕色试剂瓶中7．金属钠长期暴露在空气中,它的最终产物是（）A．Na2O2B．NaOH C．Na2CO3D．NaHCO38．下列氧化还原反应中，水作为氧化剂的是()A．CO+H2O（g）═CO2+H2B．3NO2+H2O═2HNO3+NOC．2Na2O2+2H2O═4NaOH+O2↑D．2F2+2H2O═4HF+O29．不能用来鉴别Na2CO3与NaHCO3两种白色固体的实验操作是（）A．分别加热，观察有无气体生成B．制成稀溶液，再分别滴加同浓度的稀盐酸C．制成稀溶液,分别加入CaCl2溶液D．制成溶液，分别加入少量澄清的石灰水10．在下列物质中，既能与盐酸反应，又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的是（）A．Na2CO3B．NaHCO3C．NaCl D．MgSO411．下列反应的离子方程式有错误的是()A．硫酸氢钠溶液与氢氧化钠溶液H++OH﹣═H2OB．钾与水K+2H2O=K++2OH﹣+H2↑C．碳酸氢钙溶液与氢氧化钠溶液Ca2++HCO+OH﹣=CaCO3↓+H2OD．小苏打溶液与盐酸反应HCO+H+=CO2↑+H2O12．下列有关金属的说法中不正确的是（)A．纯铁比生铁抗腐蚀性强B．青铜、不锈钢、硬铝都是合金C．铝在空气中耐腐蚀，所以铝是不活泼金属D．人体缺钙会引起骨质疏松症，缺铁会引起贫血13．下列化学反应在冶金工业中没有得到广泛应用的是（）A．MgCl2（熔融）Mg+Cl2↑B．Al2O3+3C 2Al+3CO↑C．Fe2O3+3CO 2Fe+3CO2D．HgS+O2Hg+SO214．光导纤维的主要成分是二氧化硅，下列关于二氧化硅的说法正确的是()A．二氧化硅能与水反应B．用二氧化硅制取单质硅，当生成2.24 L(标准状况下）气体时，得到2.8g硅C．二氧化硅属于传统的无机非金属材料D．二氧化硅不能与碳酸钠溶液发生反应,但在高温下能与碳酸钠固体发生反应15．有些科学家提出硅是“21世纪的能源"，这主要是由于作为半导体材料的硅在太阳能发电过程中具有重要的作用．下列关于硅及其化合物的说法正确的是（）A．水泥、玻璃、水晶饰物都是硅酸盐制品B．高温下，可在试管内完成焦炭和石英砂（SiO2)制取硅的反应C．透闪石的化学成分为Ca2Mg5Si8O22（OH）2写成氧化物的形式为：2CaO5MgO8SiO2H2O D．自然界中硅元素的贮量丰富，并存在大量的单质硅16．室温下，下列各组离子在指定溶液中一定能大量共存的是（）A．新制饱和氯水中:Na+、Al3+、SO32﹣、SO42﹣B．加入铝粉能产生氢气的溶液中：NH4+、Fe2+、NO3﹣、SO42﹣C．常温下,在碱性的溶液中:K+、AlO2﹣、CO32﹣、Na+D．在碱性的溶液中：K+、NH4+、AlO2﹣、HCO3﹣17．下列化学反应属于“氮的固定”的是（）A．氯化铵加热分解产生NH3B．硝酸工厂用NH3氧化制NOC．N2与H2合成NH3D．由NH3和硫酸反应制取硫酸铵18．下列事实与浓硫酸表现出的性质（括号中）对应关系正确的是（）A．在空气中敞口久置的浓硫酸,溶液质量增大（脱水性）B．在加热条件下铜与浓硫酸反应(氧化性、酸性）C．蔗糖与浓硫酸反应中有海棉状的炭生成（吸水性）D．浓硫酸可用来干燥某些气体（不挥发性）19．下列装置所示的实验中，能达到实验目的是（)A．分离碘酒中的碘和酒精B．实验室制氨气C．除去Cl2中的HClD．排水集气法收集NO20．设N A表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列叙述中正确的是（)A．常温常压下,11.2 L氧气所含的分子数为N AB．1。

2015秋高三英语作业（10）编写：黄士龙班级_____________姓名______________学号_______审核_____________2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）第一节单项填空1.—Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.—______ Mike can do it later..A.No wayB. Take your timeC. Nothing seriousD. You're welcome2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D.will3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny,are prizes for us.A．which B.what C.whose D.that4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A.are being builtB.will be builtC.have been builtD.had been built5.Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to __Beethoven.A.aB.anC.theD.不填6.There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live.A.sinceB. untilC.whenD. before7.Andy is content with the toy.It is he has ever got.A.a betterB.the betterC.a bestD.the best8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A.whereB.whyC.whatD.which9.Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.A.amazeB.amazingC.amazedD.to amaze10.Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.A.nothingB.no oneC.neitherD.none第二节完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

江苏省射阳县特庸初级中学、射阳县第六中学2015-2016学年七年级上学期第二次联考英语试题听力部分（每小题1分，计20分）一、听句子，选出正确答语。

（读一遍）( )1. A. Yes, I am. B. Yes, I do. C. Yes, I can.( ) 2.A. Tennis . B. Music C. TV( ) 3.A. She is a policeman. B. Beijing. C. Playing the piano.( )4. A. 15 yuan. B. 15 minutes. C. 15 kilometers.( ) 5.A. It starts at 7:00. B. It starts at 5:00. C. It starts at 12:00.( )6. A. At Sunshine Sports Center B.. 27 November. C. In Class, Grade7.( )7.A. I am fine. B. I like swimming. C.I often dance.( ) 8.A. Yes, I am. B. No, I am not. C. Yes, I do.( )9.A. He is my father. B. She is fine. C. He’s a doctor.( )10. A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, there is. C. No, there is.B.听对话或独白选择正确答案。

（读两遍）听第一段材料，回答11-12题。

( )11.What does Sandy’s school have?A. A big bookshop.B. A big hall.C. A big reading room.( )12.How long is it open?A. In 2 hours.B. 3 hours.C. 4 hours.听第二段材料，回答第13-15题。

射阳二中2016年春学期高一第一次学情调研历史试卷时间：60分钟分值：100分考生须知：1.全卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。

第Ⅰ卷为选择题和判断题，第Ⅱ卷为材料题。

全卷满分100分，考试用时60分钟。

2.本卷选择题和判断题涂在答题卡上，材料题的答案必须写在答题纸上的相应位置，写在本卷上无效。

第Ⅰ卷一、选择题（本大题有25小题，每题2分，共50分，每小题只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

答案必须涂到答题卡上，否则不给分）1、按照明朝的法律，屠宰耕牛是犯罪行为：“故意杀死他人马牛的，杖七十，徒一年半；私宰自己马牛的，杖一百。

耕牛伤病死亡的，不报官府，私自开剥，笞四十。

”上述法律规定反映了明朝A．政府严格控制牛肉买卖B．农耕经济出现衰退情况C．屠宰耕牛成为普遍现象D．耕作方式依然以铁犁牛耕为主2、《汉书·元帝纪》载：“安土重迁，黎民之性；骨肉相附，人情所愿也。

”中国农民的“安土重迁”思想的经济根源是中国古代A．商品经济的发展B．巩固统治的需要C．儒家思想的影响D．农耕经济的发展3、在以弘扬剑、侠文化为特色的武侠小说中，龙泉宝剑的铸造人欧冶子在历史上第一次发现了铜和铁性能的不同，开创了中国铁质兵器的先河。

据此判断欧冶子大致生活于A．夏商时代B．春秋战国时代C．秦汉时代D．唐代4、《鹿鼎记》里面讲，曹雪芹的父亲是韦小宝手下的御前侍卫，后来被康熙任命为“江南织造”，负责管理江南地区专供皇室的锦缎生产。

他管理下的产业最有可能属于A．田庄手工业B．私营手工业C．官营手工业D．家庭手工业5、有西方人说中国人太聪明了，他们用两种最简单的东西，赚了全世界无数人的钱：一是树叶（茶叶），二是泥土（瓷器）。

下列产品出现在英国市场上的先后顺序是①丝绸②青花瓷③白瓷④粉彩瓷A．①③②④B．①④②③C．①②③④D．③①④②6、历史老师要求同学们开展一堂题为“大唐长安商业”的探究课，以下是同学们收集的部分史料，其中不符合探究课主题的是A．“每天政府派人击鼓三百响后，众人才可以出来做生意。

高一英语作业（3）一、根据文章内容及首字母提示填词。

One day, I a _______________ an assembly with my classmates before the term broke up.We had a heated discussion about how to e ________________ some money on Saturdays and Sun days. Some stude nts thought that it was a bit c ______________ , others thought that it was easy to a ________________ this goal and said that they could find some part-time jobs at the supermarkets in the town. We a ________________ the teacher for some advice. The teacher suggested that it 'a good idea to take some part-time jobs and before taking them, we should be t for them. After days of trai ning, we did some part-time jobs in differe nt places.Through the part-time jobs, we not only earned some money w ___________________ our own han ds, but also trained ourselves. We could use the money that we earned a ______________part of our schooli ng. While doing part-time jobs, we can also lear n w ___________ we can 'learn from our books and get some e __________________ . In a word, doing part-time jobs on holidays is enjoyable and un forgettable.二、句型转换。

2015年秋高二英语周末练习（一）一、听力。

(20分)第一节1. Why didn’t the woman answer the phone?A. She was running.B. She was having dinner.C. She didn’t take the phone.2. What are they talking about?A. A table.B. A dinner.C. A house.3. What does the girl think of the book?A. Original and marvelous.B. Enlightening and short.C. Original but lengthy.4. What does Billy ask the woman to do?A. Buy an ice cream.B. Look after his daughter.C. Deal with an e-mail.5. Where are the speakers most probably?A. In a supermarket.B. In a bank.C. In a restaurant. 第二节听第6段材料，回答6、7题。

6. What is Fox and Flowerpot?A. It is a cinema.B. It is a pub.C. It is a hotel.7. What does the girl mean?A. She doesn’t like Bob.B. She doesn’t like noisy places.C. She has got other plans.听第7段材料，回答8至10题。

8. Where are the two speakers talking now?A. In a pet shop.B. On the phone.C. In a hospital9. What happened to the homeless dogs?A. They were ill-treated by some children.B. They had no food to eat.C. They became seriously sick.10. When will the SPCA get to Bharathi street?A. At 3:00 p.m.B. At 3:30 p.m.C. At 4:00 p.m.听第8段材料，回答11至13题。

高一英语阶段测试卷第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共75分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1，满分5分）请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。

1. What are the speakers going to do?A. Buy a house.B. Listen to some news.C. Watch a movie.2. How did Jim get to Beihai Park yesterday?A. By taxi.B. By bus.C. By underground.3. How many children did the woman’s grandparents have?A. 7.B. 8.C. 9.4. Which play did Edward Albee write in 1960?A. The American Dream.B. The Sandbox.C. Fam and Yam.5. Where are the speakers most probably?A. In a library.B. In a bookshop.C. In a restaurant.第二节（共15小题；第小题1分，满分15分）请听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。

请听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What might David send Tom as his birthday present?A. A pen.B. A dictionary.C. A sweater.7. How old is David?A. 13 years old.B. 15 years old.C. 17 years old.请听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8. Who lives in the west part of the US?A. Mike.B. David.C. Sam.9. What is Mike’s hometown famous for?A. Planting corn.B. Making computers.C. Producing cars.请听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

2015-2016学年江苏省盐城市射阳二中高一（下）第一次调研数学试卷一、填空题：（本大题共14小题，每小题5分，计70分.不需写出解答过程，请把答案写在答题纸的指定位置上．）1．若直线x=1的倾斜角为α，则α等于．2．直线x﹣3y﹣1=0在y轴上的截距是．3．一个棱柱共有12个顶点，所有的侧棱长的和为60，则该棱柱的侧棱长为．4．若直线l的倾斜角为135°且过点A（1，1），则该直线l的方程为．5．直线2x+3y+8=0与x﹣y﹣1=0的交点坐标为．6．如图，已知正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1的棱长为2，O为底面正方形ABCD的中心，则三棱锥B1﹣BCO的体积为．7．已知圆柱的底面半径为1，母线长与底面的直径相等，则该圆柱的体积为．8．设a，b，c是空间的三条直线，下面给出四个命题：①若a⊥b，b⊥c，则a∥c；②若a、b是异面直线，b、c是异面直线，则a、c也是异面直线；③若a和b相交，b和c相交，则a和c也相交；④若a和b共面，b和c共面，则a和c也共面．其中真命题的个数是．9．已知直线a，b与平面α，下列命题正确的序号是．①若a∥α，b⊂α，则a∥b；②若a∥α，b∥α，则a∥b；③若a∥b，b⊂α，则a∥α；④若a∥b，b⊂α，则a∥α或a⊂α．10．长方体的三个面的面积分别是，则长方体的体积是．11．设α是空间中一个平面，l，m，n是三条不同的直线，则下列命题正确的序号是；①若m⊂α，n⊂α，l⊥m，l⊥n，则l⊥α；②若m⊂α，n⊂α，则l∥m；③若l∥m，m⊥α，n⊥α，则l∥n；④若l⊥m，l⊥n，则n∥m．12．设α，β，γ是三个互不重合的平面，m，n是两条不重合的直线，下列命题中正确的序号是；①若α⊥β，β⊥γ，则α⊥γ；②若m∥α，n∥β，α⊥β，则m⊥n；③若α⊥β，m⊥α，则m∥β；④若α∥β，m⊄β，m∥α，则m∥β．13．如果将直线l向右平移3个单位，再向上平移2个单位后所得的直线与l重合，则该直线l的斜率为．14．现有橡皮泥制作的底面半径为5，高为4的圆锥和底面半径为2，高为8的圆柱各一个，若将它们重新制作成总体积与高均保持不变，但底面半径相同的新的圆锥和圆柱各一个，则新的底面半径为．二、解答题：（本大题共6小题，计90分.解答应写出必要的文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤，请把答案写在答题纸的指定区域内）.15．已知直线l1的方程为mx+2y﹣1=0，直线l2的方程为mx+（m﹣4）y+5=0，（1）若l1⊥l2，求实数m的值；（2）若l1∥l2，求实数m的值．16．如图，在三棱锥P﹣ABC中，∠ABC=90°，PA⊥平面ABC，E，F分别为PB，PC的中点．（1）求证：EF∥平面ABC；（2）求证：平面AEF⊥平面PAB．17．已知直线l过点P（2，3），（1）若直线l在x轴、y轴上的截距之和等于0，求直线l的方程；（2）若直线l与两条坐标轴在第一象限所围成的三角形的面积为16，求直线l的方程．18．如图，在四棱锥P﹣ABCD中，AB∥DC，DC=2AB，AP=AD，PB⊥AC，BD⊥AC，E 为PD的中点．求证：（1）AE∥平面PBC；（2）PD⊥平面ACE．19．在四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，AA1⊥平面ABCD，底面ABCD为菱形，∠BAD=60°，P为AB的中点，Q为CD1的中点．（1）求证：DP⊥平面A1ABB1；（2）求证：PQ∥平面ADD1A1．（3）若E为CC1的中点，能否在CP上找一点F，使得EF∥面DPQ？并给出证明过程．20．直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中，AC=BC=BB1=1，．（1）求证：平面AB1C⊥平面B1CB；（2）求三棱锥A1﹣AB1C的体积．（3）若点M为线段CC1上的一动点，则当AM+MB1和最小时，求A1到平面AB1M的距离．2015-2016学年江苏省盐城市射阳二中高一（下）第一次调研数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题：（本大题共14小题，每小题5分，计70分.不需写出解答过程，请把答案写在答题纸的指定位置上．）1．若直线x=1的倾斜角为α，则α等于90°．【考点】直线的倾斜角．【分析】根据直线与y轴平行即与x轴垂直得到倾斜角即可．【解答】解：因为直线x=1与y轴平行，所以直线x=1的倾斜角为90°．故答案为：90°2．直线x﹣3y﹣1=0在y轴上的截距是．【考点】直线的截距式方程．【分析】由直线x﹣3y﹣1=0，令x=0，解得y即可得出．【解答】解：由直线x﹣3y﹣1=0，令x=0，解得y=﹣．∴直线在y轴上的截距是﹣．故答案为：．3．一个棱柱共有12个顶点，所有的侧棱长的和为60，则该棱柱的侧棱长为10．【考点】点、线、面间的距离计算．【分析】确定棱柱为六棱柱，利用所有的侧棱长的和为60，即可求出该棱柱的侧棱长．【解答】解：∵一个棱柱共有12个顶点，∴棱柱为六棱柱，∵所有的侧棱长的和为60，∴该棱柱的侧棱长为10．故答案为10．4．若直线l的倾斜角为135°且过点A（1，1），则该直线l的方程为即y=﹣x+2．【考点】直线的点斜式方程．【分析】算出直线l的斜率k=tan135°=﹣1，利用直线方程的点斜式列式，化简即得直线l 的方程．【解答】解：∵直线的倾斜角为135°，∴直线斜率k=tan135°=﹣1，∵经过（1，1），∴对应的直线方程为y﹣1=﹣（x﹣1），即y=﹣x+2，故答案是：即y=﹣x+2．5．直线2x+3y+8=0与x﹣y﹣1=0的交点坐标为（﹣1，﹣2）．【考点】两条直线的交点坐标．【分析】直线方程联立即可得出．【解答】解：联立，解得．∴交点坐标为（﹣1，﹣2）．故答案为：（﹣1，﹣2）．6．如图，已知正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1的棱长为2，O为底面正方形ABCD的中心，则三棱锥B1﹣BCO的体积为．【考点】棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积．【分析】三棱锥B1﹣BCO的体积，转化为三棱锥O﹣BCB1的体积，求出O到侧面的距离即可．【解答】解：三棱锥B1﹣BCO的体积，转化为三棱锥O﹣BCB1的体积，V==故答案为：7．已知圆柱的底面半径为1，母线长与底面的直径相等，则该圆柱的体积为2π．【考点】旋转体（圆柱、圆锥、圆台）；棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积．【分析】根据题意，求出圆柱的母线长l，再求圆柱的体积V．【解答】解：根据题意，圆柱的底面半径r=1，母线长l=2r=2∴圆柱的体积为V=Sl=πr2l=π×12×2=2π．故答案为：2π．8．设a，b，c是空间的三条直线，下面给出四个命题：①若a⊥b，b⊥c，则a∥c；②若a、b是异面直线，b、c是异面直线，则a、c也是异面直线；③若a和b相交，b和c相交，则a和c也相交；④若a和b共面，b和c共面，则a和c也共面．其中真命题的个数是0．【考点】命题的真假判断与应用；平面的基本性质及推论；异面直线的判定．【分析】根据空间直线位置关系的定义及几何特征，分别判断题目中的四个结论，得到四个结论的真假性后，进而即可得到答案．【解答】解：若a⊥b，b⊥c，则a与c可能平行，可能相交，也可能异面，故①错误；若a、b是异面直线，b、c是异面直线，则a与c可能平行，可能相交，也可能异面，故②错误；若a和b相交，b和c相交，则a和c可能平行，可能相交，也可能异面，故③错误；若a和b共面，b和c共面，则a和c可能共面，也可能异面．故答案为：09．已知直线a，b与平面α，下列命题正确的序号是④．①若a∥α，b⊂α，则a∥b；②若a∥α，b∥α，则a∥b；③若a∥b，b⊂α，则a∥α；④若a∥b，b⊂α，则a∥α或a⊂α．【考点】命题的真假判断与应用．【分析】直接利用线面平行、线在面内、及异面直线的概念逐一分析四个命题得答案．【解答】解：①若a∥α，b⊂α，则a∥b或a与b异面，故①错误；②若a∥α，b∥α，则a∥b或a与b相交或a与b异面，故②错误；③若a∥b，b⊂α，则a∥α或a⊂α，故③错误；④若a∥b，b⊂α，则a∥α或a⊂α，故④正确．故答案为：④．10．长方体的三个面的面积分别是，则长方体的体积是．【考点】棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积．【分析】长方体的体积是共顶点的三个棱的长度的乘积，故求出三者乘积即可，由于本题中知道了共顶点的三个面的面积，即知道了共顶点的三边两两边长的乘积，故可以用共顶点的三个棱的长度表示出三个面积，得到关于三个量的三个方程，由此方程组解出三条棱的长度，即可求出长方体的体积．【解答】解：可设长方体同一个顶点上的三条棱长分别为a，b，c，列出方程组，解得所以长方体的体积V=1××=．故答案为11．设α是空间中一个平面，l，m，n是三条不同的直线，则下列命题正确的序号是③；①若m⊂α，n⊂α，l⊥m，l⊥n，则l⊥α；②若m⊂α，n⊂α，则l∥m；③若l∥m，m⊥α，n⊥α，则l∥n；④若l⊥m，l⊥n，则n∥m．【考点】空间中直线与平面之间的位置关系．【分析】①根据线面垂直的判定，可判断；②若m⊂α，n⊂α，则l与m可能平行、相交、也可能异面；③由垂直于同一平面的两直线平行得m∥n，再根据平行线的传递性，即可得l∥n；④n、m平行、相交、异面均有可能．【解答】解：对于①，根据线面垂直的判定，当m，n相交时，结论成立，故①不正确；对于②，若m⊂α，n⊂α，则l与m可能平行、相交、也可能异面，故②错误；对于③，由垂直于同一平面的两直线平行得m∥n，再根据平行线的传递性，即可得l∥n，故③正确；对于④，l⊥m，l⊥n，则n、m平行、相交、异面均有可能，故④不正确．故答案为：③．12．设α，β，γ是三个互不重合的平面，m，n是两条不重合的直线，下列命题中正确的序号是④；①若α⊥β，β⊥γ，则α⊥γ；②若m∥α，n∥β，α⊥β，则m⊥n；③若α⊥β，m⊥α，则m∥β；④若α∥β，m⊄β，m∥α，则m∥β．【考点】命题的真假判断与应用．【分析】由垂直于同一平面的两平面平行或相交判断①；画图说明②错误；由α⊥β，m⊥α，得m∥β或m⊂β判断③错误；由若一直线与一平面都平行于一平面，则线面平行或线在面内判断④正确．【解答】解：对于①，若α⊥β，β⊥γ，则α∥γ或α与γ相交，故①错误；对于②，若m∥α，n∥β，α⊥β，则m⊥n，错误，如图，对于③，若α⊥β，m⊥α，则m∥β或m⊂β，故③错误；对于④，若α∥β，m∥α，则m⊂β或m∥β，∵m⊄β，∴m∥β，故④正确．故答案为：④．13．如果将直线l向右平移3个单位，再向上平移2个单位后所得的直线与l重合，则该直线l的斜率为．【考点】函数的图象与图象变化．【分析】方法一：由题意知，把直线按向量（3，2）平移后后和原直线重合，故直线的斜率为k=，方法二：设直线l为y=kx+b，则根据题意平移得：y=k（x﹣3）+b+2，即可求出k=．【解答】解：方法一：将直线l向右平移3个单位，再向上平移2个单位后所得的直线与l 重合，即把直线按向量（3，2）平移后和原直线重合，故直线的斜率为，方法二：设直线l为y=kx+b，则根据题意平移得：y=k（x﹣3）+b+2，即y=kx﹣3k+b+2，则kx+b=kx﹣3k+b+2，解得：k=故答案为：14．现有橡皮泥制作的底面半径为5，高为4的圆锥和底面半径为2，高为8的圆柱各一个，若将它们重新制作成总体积与高均保持不变，但底面半径相同的新的圆锥和圆柱各一个，则新的底面半径为．【考点】棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积．【分析】由题意求出原来圆柱和圆锥的体积，设出新的圆柱和圆锥的底面半径r，求出体积，由前后体积相等列式求得r．【解答】解：由题意可知，原来圆锥和圆柱的体积和为：．设新圆锥和圆柱的底面半径为r，则新圆锥和圆柱的体积和为：．∴，解得：．故答案为：．二、解答题：（本大题共6小题，计90分.解答应写出必要的文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤，请把答案写在答题纸的指定区域内）.15．已知直线l1的方程为mx+2y﹣1=0，直线l2的方程为mx+（m﹣4）y+5=0，（1）若l1⊥l2，求实数m的值；（2）若l1∥l2，求实数m的值．【考点】直线的一般式方程与直线的平行关系；直线的一般式方程与直线的垂直关系．【分析】（1）利用直线l1⊥l2，可得m×m+2（m﹣4）=0，即可求实数m的值；（2）利用直线l1∥l2，可得m﹣4=2或m=0，即可求实数m的值；【解答】解：（1）∵直线l1⊥l2，∴m×m+2（m﹣4）=0，∴m=2或﹣4；（2）∵直线l1∥l2，∴m﹣4=2或m=0，∴m=6或m=0．16．如图，在三棱锥P﹣ABC中，∠ABC=90°，PA⊥平面ABC，E，F分别为PB，PC的中点．（1）求证：EF∥平面ABC；（2）求证：平面AEF⊥平面PAB．【考点】平面与平面垂直的判定；直线与平面平行的判定．【分析】（1）根据三角形中位线定理可得EF∥BC，进而根据线面平行的判定定理可得EF ∥平面ABC；（2）根据PA⊥平面ABC，可得PA⊥BC，结合∠ABC=90°，及线面垂直的判定定理可得BC⊥平面PAB，进而由线面垂直的第二判定定理可得EF平面PAB，最后由面面垂直的判定定理可得平面AEF⊥平面PAB．【解答】证明：（1）∵E，F分别为PB，PC的中点．∴EF∥BC，又∵BC⊂平面ABC，EF⊄平面ABC，∴EF∥平面ABC；（2）∵PA⊥平面ABC，BC⊂平面ABC，∴PA⊥BC，又∵∠ABC=90°，∴AB⊥BC，又∵PA∩AB=A，PA，AB⊂平面PAB，∴BC⊥平面PAB，由（1）中EF∥BC，∴EF⊥平面PAB，又∵EF⊂平面AEF，∴平面AEF⊥平面PAB．17．已知直线l过点P（2，3），（1）若直线l在x轴、y轴上的截距之和等于0，求直线l的方程；（2）若直线l与两条坐标轴在第一象限所围成的三角形的面积为16，求直线l的方程．【考点】直线的一般式方程．【分析】（1）分类写出直线的方程，根据要求条件参数的值；（2）写出直线的截距式方程，根据要求条件参数的值，得到本题结论．【解答】解：（1）①当直线l经过原点时在x轴、y轴上的截距之和等于0，此时直线l的方程为y=x，②当直线l经不过原点时，设直线l的方程为+=1，∵P（2，3）在直线l上，∴+=1，a=﹣1，即x﹣y+1=0．综上所述直线l的方程为3x﹣2y=0或x﹣y+1=0．（2）设l在x轴、y轴上的截距分别为a，b（a＞0，b＞0），则直线l的方程为+=1∵P（2，3）在直线l上，∴+=1．又由l与两条坐标轴在第一象限所围成的三角形面积为16，可得ab=32，∴a=8，b=4或a=，b=12．∴直线l的方程为+=1或+=1．综上所述直线l的方程为x+2y﹣8=0或9x+2y﹣24=018．如图，在四棱锥P﹣ABCD中，AB∥DC，DC=2AB，AP=AD，PB⊥AC，BD⊥AC，E 为PD的中点．求证：（1）AE∥平面PBC；（2）PD⊥平面ACE．【考点】直线与平面垂直的判定；直线与平面平行的判定．【分析】（1）要证明线面平行，需要构造线面平行的判定定理的条件﹣﹣在面PBC内找到与AE平行的直线，取PC的中点F利用题目中的平行关系，可证得AE∥BF，即得AE∥BF．（2）由PB⊥AC，BD⊥AC可得AC⊥平面PBD，利用线面垂直的定义得AC⊥PD，然后由AP=AD，E为PD的中点得到PD⊥AE，由线面垂直的判定定理可得PD⊥平面ACE．【解答】证明：（1）取PC中点F，连接EF，BF，∵E为PD中点，∴EF∥DC且EF=．∵AB∥DC且，∴EF∥AB且EF=AB．∴四边形ABFE为平行四边形．∴AE∥BF．∵AE⊄平面PBC，BF⊂平面PBC，∴AE∥平面PBC．（2）∵PB⊥AC，BD⊥AC，PB∩BD=B，∴AC⊥平面PBD．∵PD⊂平面PBD，∴AC⊥PD．∵AP=AD，E为PD的中点，∴PD⊥AE．∵AE∩AC=A，∴PD⊥平面ACE．19．在四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，AA1⊥平面ABCD，底面ABCD为菱形，∠BAD=60°，P为AB的中点，Q为CD1的中点．（1）求证：DP⊥平面A1ABB1；（2）求证：PQ∥平面ADD1A1．（3）若E为CC1的中点，能否在CP上找一点F，使得EF∥面DPQ？并给出证明过程．【考点】直线与平面平行的判定；直线与平面垂直的判定．【分析】（1）连结BD，推导出DP⊥AB，AA1⊥DP，由此能证明DP⊥平面A1ABB1．（2）取CD中点M，推导出平面ADD1∥平面MPQ，由此能证明PQ∥平面ADD1A1．（3）连结EB，推导出BE∥PQ，过B作BF∥AD，交PC于F，能推导出EF∥面DPQ．【解答】证明：（1）连结BD∵在四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，底面ABCD为菱形，∠BAD=60°，∴AP=AB=BD，∵P为AB的中点，∴DP⊥AB，∵AA1⊥平面ABCD，DP⊂平面ABCD，∴AA1⊥DP，∵AA1∩AB=A，∴DP⊥平面A1ABB1．（2）取CD中点M，连结PM、QM，∵P为AB的中点，Q为CD1的中点，∴PM∥AD，QM∥DD1，∵AD∩DD1=D，PM∩QM=M，AD、DD1⊂平面ADD1，PM、QM⊂平面PQF，∴平面ADD1∥平面MPQ，∵PQ⊂平面PQF，∴PQ∥平面ADD1A1．解：（3）连结EB，∵Q为CD1的中点，E是CC1的中点，P为AB中点，∴QEPB，∴四边形PBEQ是平行四边形，∴BE∥PQ，过B作BF∥AD，交PC于F，∵BE∥PQ，BF∥AD，BE∩BF=B，PQ∩PD=P，BE、BF⊂平面BEF，PQ、PD⊂平面PDQ，∴平面BEF∥平面PDQ，∵EF⊂平面BEF，∴EF∥面DPQ．20．直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中，AC=BC=BB1=1，．（1）求证：平面AB1C⊥平面B1CB；（2）求三棱锥A1﹣AB1C的体积．（3）若点M为线段CC1上的一动点，则当AM+MB1和最小时，求A1到平面AB1M的距离．【考点】点、线、面间的距离计算；棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积．【分析】（1）直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中，可得BB1⊥AB，BB1⊥AC，利用AB1=，解得AB=，因此AC2+BC2=AB2，可得AC⊥BC，即可证明：平面AB1C⊥平面B1CB．（2）BC⊥AC，平面ACC1⊥平面ABC，可得B1C1为三棱锥B1﹣A1AC的高．可得三棱锥A1﹣AB1C的体积=×．（3）如图所示，把侧面CBB1C1沿着CC1展开与侧面ACC1A1成一个平面，连接AB1，与CC1的交点取做M，即为CC1的中点．设A1到平面AB1M的距离为h．利用=×，即可得出．【解答】（1）证明：直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中，BB1⊥平面ABC，又AB⊂平面ABC，∴BB1⊥AB，BB1⊥AC，∴AB1===，解得AB=．∴AC2+BC2=AB2，∴∠ACB=90°，即AC⊥BC，又BC∩BB1=B．∴AC⊥平面B1CB，又AC⊂平面AB1C，∴平面AB1C⊥平面B1CB．（2）解：∵BC⊥AC，平面ACC1⊥平面ABC，∴BC⊥平面ACC1，，即B1C1为三棱锥B1﹣A1AC的高．∴三棱锥A1﹣AB1C的体积=×==．（3）解：如图所示，把侧面CBB1C1沿着CC1展开与侧面ACC1A1成一个平面，连接AB1，与CC1的交点取做M，即为CC1的中点．AM===|B1M|，AB1==2，∴==．设A1到平面AB1M的距离为h．则=×，∴h==1．2016年11月10日。

2015-2016学年江苏省盐城市射阳二中高一（下）期初化学试卷一.单选题（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，每小题3分，共69分）1．在下列物质种类中，前者包含后者的是（）A．单质化合物B．电解质化合物C．浊液胶体D．混合物溶液2．下列有关摩尔使用的说法中不正确的是（）A．1mol O B．1mol O2C．1mol氧原子D．1摩尔小麦3．钛（Ti）金属常被称为未来钢铁．钛元素的同位素、、、、中，中子数不可能为（）A．30 B．28 C．26 D．244．下列溶液中Cl﹣的浓度与150mL0.5mol/L氯化铝溶液中的氯离子的浓度相等的是（）A．150mL1mol/L氯化镁溶液B．450mL1.5 mol/L氯酸钾溶液C．50mL1.5 mol/L氯化钾溶液D．50mL0.5 mol/L氯化铜溶液5．将下列各组物质按酸、碱、盐分类顺序排列正确的是（）A．硫酸纯碱硫酸钠B．氢溴酸烧碱绿矾C．碳酸乙酸醋酸钠D．磷酸熟石灰苛性钠6．下列盛放物质的方法错误的是（）A．将金属钠保存在煤油中B．少量的白磷可保存在水中C．纯碱溶液用带磨口玻璃瓶塞的试剂瓶保存D．硝酸银溶液盛放在棕色试剂瓶中7．金属钠长期暴露在空气中，它的最终产物是（）A．Na2O2B．NaOH C．Na2CO3D．NaHCO38．下列氧化还原反应中，水作为氧化剂的是（）A．CO+H2O（g）═CO2+H2B．3NO2+H2O═2HNO3+NOC．2Na2O2+2H2O═4NaOH+O2↑D．2F2+2H2O═4HF+O29．不能用来鉴别Na2CO3与NaHCO3两种白色固体的实验操作是（）A．分别加热，观察有无气体生成B．制成稀溶液，再分别滴加同浓度的稀盐酸C．制成稀溶液，分别加入CaCl2溶液D．制成溶液，分别加入少量澄清的石灰水10．在下列物质中，既能与盐酸反应，又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的是（）A．Na2CO3B．NaHCO3C．NaCl D．MgSO411．下列反应的离子方程式有错误的是（）A．硫酸氢钠溶液与氢氧化钠溶液H++OH﹣═H2OB．钾与水K+2H2O=K++2OH﹣+H2↑C．碳酸氢钙溶液与氢氧化钠溶液Ca2++HCO+OH﹣=CaCO3↓+H2OD．小苏打溶液与盐酸反应HCO+H+=CO2↑+H2O12．下列有关金属的说法中不正确的是（）A．纯铁比生铁抗腐蚀性强B．青铜、不锈钢、硬铝都是合金C．铝在空气中耐腐蚀，所以铝是不活泼金属D．人体缺钙会引起骨质疏松症，缺铁会引起贫血13．下列化学反应在冶金工业中没有得到广泛应用的是（）A．MgCl2（熔融）Mg+Cl2↑B．Al2O3+3C 2Al+3CO↑C．Fe2O3+3CO 2Fe+3CO2D．HgS+O2Hg+SO214．光导纤维的主要成分是二氧化硅，下列关于二氧化硅的说法正确的是（）A．二氧化硅能与水反应B．用二氧化硅制取单质硅，当生成2.24 L（标准状况下）气体时，得到2.8g硅C．二氧化硅属于传统的无机非金属材料D．二氧化硅不能与碳酸钠溶液发生反应，但在高温下能与碳酸钠固体发生反应15．有些科学家提出硅是“21世纪的能源”，这主要是由于作为半导体材料的硅在太阳能发电过程中具有重要的作用．下列关于硅及其化合物的说法正确的是（）A．水泥、玻璃、水晶饰物都是硅酸盐制品B．高温下，可在试管内完成焦炭和石英砂（SiO2）制取硅的反应C．透闪石的化学成分为Ca2Mg5Si8O22（OH）2写成氧化物的形式为：2CaO5MgO8SiO2H2O D．自然界中硅元素的贮量丰富，并存在大量的单质硅16．室温下，下列各组离子在指定溶液中一定能大量共存的是（）A．新制饱和氯水中：Na+、Al3+、SO32﹣、SO42﹣B．加入铝粉能产生氢气的溶液中：NH4+、Fe2+、NO3﹣、SO42﹣C．常温下，在碱性的溶液中：K+、AlO2﹣、CO32﹣、Na+D．在碱性的溶液中：K+、NH4+、AlO2﹣、HCO3﹣17．下列化学反应属于“氮的固定”的是（）A．氯化铵加热分解产生NH3B．硝酸工厂用NH3氧化制NOC．N2与H2合成NH3D．由NH3和硫酸反应制取硫酸铵18．下列事实与浓硫酸表现出的性质（括号中）对应关系正确的是（）A．在空气中敞口久置的浓硫酸，溶液质量增大（脱水性）B．在加热条件下铜与浓硫酸反应（氧化性、酸性）C．蔗糖与浓硫酸反应中有海棉状的炭生成（吸水性）D．浓硫酸可用来干燥某些气体（不挥发性）19．下列装置所示的实验中，能达到实验目的是（）A．分离碘酒中的碘和酒精B．实验室制氨气C．除去Cl2中的HClD．排水集气法收集NO20．设N A表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列叙述中正确的是（）A．常温常压下，11.2 L氧气所含的分子数为N AB．1.8 g 的NH4+中含有的电子数为N AC．常温常压下，48 g O3含有的氧原子数为N AD．24 g金属镁变为镁离子时失去的电子数为N A21．如图是某品牌饮用矿泉水的标签的部分内容．下列说法正确的是（）A．标签上给出的离子的物理量是物质的量浓度B．任何饮用水中氯离子（Cl﹣）的浓度均在10～27.3 mg/L之内C．该品牌饮用矿泉水中c（Mg2+）最大值为2×10﹣4mol/LD．一瓶该品牌饮用矿泉水中SO42﹣的物质的量不超过1×10﹣5mol22．下列各组物质中，仅用水及物质间相互反应不能依次区别的一组是（）A．Na2O2Al2（SO4）3MgCl2KClB．BaCl2Na2SO4（NH4）2SO4KOHC．AgNO3NaCl KCl CuCl2D．Fe2（SO4）3NaOH 稀硫酸NH4Cl23．将17.9gAl、Fe、Cu组成的合金溶于足量的NaOH溶液中，产生气体6.72L（标准状况），另取等质量的合金溶于过量的稀硫酸中，产生气体10.08L（标准状况）．则合金中Cu的质量（）A．5.4 g B．8.4 g C．4.1g D．9.6g二、解答题（共3小题，满分31分）24．化学与资源利用、材料研制、环境保护等密切相关．（1）海水中蕴含的元素有80多种，它是一个巨大的宝藏．①海水中镁的总储量约为1.8×1015 t，海水里镁的存在形式主要是．A．单质钠B．单质钾C．氯化钠③目前化学工业的主要支柱之一是氯碱工业，它是以为基础制取氯气等产品的工业．（2）材料是人类生存和发展的物质基础，合理使用材料可以改善人类生活．①工业上制造光导纤维的基本原料是．②下列物质中，不能用来制造耐火材料的是．保持洁净安全的生存环境已成为全人类的共识．①pH＜的雨水称为酸雨．燃煤产生的是引起我国酸雨的主要原因．②下列物质中，会破坏臭氧层的是．：2NH3+3Cl2=6HCl+N2，则如果氯气管道某处漏气，用该方法检查时的现象是．25．如图所示物质的转化关系中，A是一种固体单质，E是一种白色沉淀．请回答下列问题：（1）B的化学式是，目前B已被用作的主要原料．（2）B和a溶液反应的离子方程式是．（3）C和过量的盐酸反应的离子方程式是．26．碱式碳酸铝镁[Mg a Al b（OH）c（CO3）d xH2O]常用作塑料阻燃剂．（1）碱式碳酸铝镁具有阻燃作用，是由于其受热分解需吸收大量热量和．（2）[Mg a Al b（OH）c（CO3）d xH2O]中的a、b、c、d的代数关系式为．（3）为确定碱式碳酸铝镁的组成，进行如下实验：①准确称取3.390g样品与足量稀盐酸充分反应，生成CO2 0.560L（已换算成标准状况下）．②另取一定量样品在空气中加热，样品的固体残留率（×100%）随温度的变化如图所示（样品在270℃时已完全失去结晶水，600℃以上残留固体为金属氧化物的混合物）．根据以上实验数据计算碱式碳酸铝镁样品中的n（OH﹣）：n（CO32﹣）（写出计算过程）．参考答案与试题解析一.单选题（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，每小题3分，共69分）1．在下列物质种类中，前者包含后者的是（）A．单质化合物B．电解质化合物C．浊液胶体D．混合物溶液【考点】混合物和纯净物；单质和化合物．【专题】物质的分类专题．【分析】A．单质和化合物属于并列关系；B．根化合物分为电解质和非电解质，后者包含前者；C．浊液和胶体属于并列关系；D．混合物分为浊液、胶体、溶液三种分散系，前者包含后者；【解答】解：A．单质是由一种元素组成的纯净物，化合物是由不同种元素组成的纯净物，单质和化合物属于并列关系，故A错误；B．根据在水溶液或熔融态下是否导电，将化合物分为电解质和非电解质，后者包含前者错误，故B错误；C．混合物根据分散质粒子直径大小来分类，把分散系划分为：溶液（小于1nm）、胶体（1nm～100nm）、浊液（大于100nm）三种分散系，浊液和胶体属于并列关系，不存在包含关系，故C错误；D．混合物根据分散质粒子直径大小分为浊液、胶体、溶液三种分散系，前者包含后者，故D正确；故选D．【点评】本题主要考查物质的分类方法，解答时要分析物质的元素组成和物质组成，然后再根据各类物质概念的含义进行分析、判断，从而得出正确的结论，题目难度不大．2．下列有关摩尔使用的说法中不正确的是（）A．1mol O B．1mol O2C．1mol氧原子D．1摩尔小麦【考点】物质的量的单位--摩尔．【专题】化学用语专题．【分析】摩尔是物质的量的单位，物质的量只能用于描述微观粒子，不能用于宏观物质，如1mol O、1mol O2、1mol氧原子等，不能表示为1摩尔小麦，据此进行判断．【解答】解：A.1molO表示的是1mol氧原子，该表示方法合理，故A正确；B.1mol O2表示1mol氧气分子，该表示方法合理，故B正确；C.1mol氧原子，表示1molO，该表示方法合理，故C正确；D.1mol小麦，物质的量只能描述微观粒子，小麦为宏观物质，不能用摩尔表示，故D错误；故选D．【点评】本题考查了物质的量的单位﹣摩尔的应用，题目难度不大，注意物质的量只能用于微观粒子，不能用于宏观物质，试题侧重基础知识的考查，培养了学生的灵活应用能力．3．钛（Ti）金属常被称为未来钢铁．钛元素的同位素、、、、中，中子数不可能为（）A．30 B．28 C．26 D．24【考点】质量数与质子数、中子数之间的相互关系．【专题】原子组成与结构专题．【分析】根据原子符号左下角的数字为质子数，左上角的数字为质量数，质子数+中子数=质量数，以此来解答．【解答】解：2246Ti的中子数为46﹣22=24，47Ti的中子数为47﹣22=25，2248Ti的中子数为为48﹣22=26，2249Ti的中子数为为29﹣22=27，2250Ti的中子数为50﹣22=28，22则中子数不可能为30，故选A．【点评】本题考查原子的构成及原子中的数量关系，明确质子数+中子数=质量数即可解答，较简单．4．下列溶液中Cl﹣的浓度与150mL0.5mol/L氯化铝溶液中的氯离子的浓度相等的是（）A．150mL1mol/L氯化镁溶液B．450mL1.5 mol/L氯酸钾溶液C．50mL1.5 mol/L氯化钾溶液D．50mL0.5 mol/L氯化铜溶液【考点】物质的量浓度．【专题】物质的量浓度和溶解度专题．【分析】电解质离子的物质的量浓度=电解质的物质的量浓度×电解质中含有离子的个数，与溶液的体积无关．【解答】解：150mL 0.5molL﹣1的AlCl3溶液中氯离子的物质的量浓度为0.5molL﹣1×3=1.5molL﹣1，A．150mL 1molL﹣1的MgCl2溶液中氯离子的物质的量浓度为1molL﹣1×2=2molL﹣1，故A 错误；B．KClO3溶液中不存在氯离子，故B错误；C．50mL 1.5molL﹣1的KCl溶液中氯离子的物质的量浓度为1.5molL﹣1×1=1.5molL﹣1，故C 正确；D．50mL 0.5molL﹣1的CuCl2溶液中氯离子的物质的量浓度为0.5molL﹣1×2=1molL﹣1，故D 错误；故选C．【点评】本题考查物质的量浓度有关计算，比较基础，注意溶液中溶质离子的浓度与溶液体积无关，只取决于物质电离出的离子的数目多少与溶质的浓度，题目难度不大．5．将下列各组物质按酸、碱、盐分类顺序排列正确的是（）A．硫酸纯碱硫酸钠B．氢溴酸烧碱绿矾C．碳酸乙酸醋酸钠D．磷酸熟石灰苛性钠【考点】酸、碱、盐、氧化物的概念及其相互联系．【专题】物质的分类专题．【分析】酸是指电离时生成的阳离子全部是氢离子的化合物．碱是指电离时生成的阴离子全部是氢氧根离子的化合物．盐是指由金属离子或铵根离子和酸根离子组成的化合物．【解答】解：A．硫酸（酸）、纯碱（盐）、硫酸钠（盐），故A错误；B．氢溴酸（酸）、烧碱（碱）、绿矾（七水合硫酸亚铁、盐），故B正确；C．碳酸（酸）、乙酸（酸）、醋酸钠（CH3COONa、盐），故C错误；D．磷酸（酸）、熟石灰（碱）、苛性钠（NaOH、碱），故D错误；故选B．【点评】本题考查了酸、碱、盐的概念辨析，熟记各种类型的物质的概念是解题的关键，属于基础知识的考查，题目难度不大．6．下列盛放物质的方法错误的是（）A．将金属钠保存在煤油中B．少量的白磷可保存在水中C．纯碱溶液用带磨口玻璃瓶塞的试剂瓶保存D．硝酸银溶液盛放在棕色试剂瓶中【考点】化学实验安全及事故处理．【专题】化学实验基本操作．【分析】A．钠能与空气中的水和氧气反应，又钠的密度比水略小；B．根据白磷易自燃来考虑保存方法；C．碱性物质与磨口玻璃中的二氧化钴反应生成硅酸钠，硅酸钠溶液具有很强的黏性；D．硝酸银溶液见光易分解，应保存在棕色细口瓶中．【解答】解：A．钠能与空气中的水和氧气反应，又钠的密度比水略小，故钠保存在煤油中，或用石蜡密封保存，故A正确；B．由于白磷着火点低易自燃，所以要隔绝氧气才行，放到水中即可，故B正确；C．碱性物质与磨口玻璃中的二氧化钴反应生成硅酸钠，硅酸钠溶液具有很强的黏性，时间长了就打不开了，因此碱溶液用带橡胶塞的试剂瓶保存，故C错误；D．硝酸银溶液见光易分解，应保存在棕色细口瓶中，故D正确；故选C．【点评】本题考查了化学试剂的存放，题目难度不大，需要掌握常见试剂的保存方法，关键是掌握试剂的性质，关键化学性质选择保存方法，试题基础性强，侧重对学生灵活运用基础知识解决实际问题的能力的培养．7．金属钠长期暴露在空气中，它的最终产物是（）A．Na2O2B．NaOH C．Na2CO3D．NaHCO3【考点】钠的化学性质；钠的重要化合物．【专题】几种重要的金属及其化合物．【分析】先分析空气中与钠反应的主要成分是氧气，致使钠表面变暗，氧化钠与空气中的水蒸气反应生成白色固体氢氧化钠，氢氧化钠易潮解表面变成溶液，氢氧化钠是强碱与空气中的酸性气体反应，生成白色带结晶水的固体Na2CO3.10H2O，十水碳酸钠易风化生成白色粉末碳酸钠．【解答】解：钠与空气中氧气极易反应，致使钠表面变暗，氧化钠与空气中的水蒸气反应生成白色固体氢氧化钠，氢氧化钠易潮解表面变成溶液，氢氧化钠是强碱与空气中的酸性气体反应，生成白色带结晶水的固体Na2CO3.10H2O，十水碳酸钠易风化生成白色粉末碳酸钠．银白色金属表面变暗出现白色固体表面变成溶液出现白色固体白色粉末（Na）（Na2O）（NaOH ）（NaOH 潮解）（Na2CO3.10H2O ）（Na2CO3）【点评】现象的本质是发生了什么变化，有什么样的变化就应该有什么样的相对应．8．下列氧化还原反应中，水作为氧化剂的是（）A．CO+H2O（g）═CO2+H2B．3NO2+H2O═2HNO3+NOC．2Na2O2+2H2O═4NaOH+O2↑D．2F2+2H2O═4HF+O2【考点】氧化还原反应．【专题】氧化还原反应专题．【分析】反应中水是氧化剂，说明反应H2O中H元素的化合价降低，据此分析解答．【解答】解：A．CO+H2O（g）═CO2+H2中H元素化合价由+1价变为0价，所以水是氧化剂，故A正确；B．3NO2+H2O═2HNO3+NO，水中各元素化合价不变，所以水既不是氧化剂又不是还原剂，故B错误；C.2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2↑中过氧化钠中O元素化合价由﹣1价变为0价和﹣2价，水中各元素化合价不变，所以水既不是氧化剂又不是还原剂，故C错误；D．2F2+2H2O═4HF+O2中F元素的化合价降低，O元素的化合价升高，所以水是还原剂，故D错误；故选A．【点评】本题考查氧化还原反应和氧化剂、还原剂的判断，侧重考查基本概念，明确元素化合价变化是解本题关键，知道常见元素化合价，题目难度不大．9．不能用来鉴别Na2CO3与NaHCO3两种白色固体的实验操作是（）A．分别加热，观察有无气体生成B．制成稀溶液，再分别滴加同浓度的稀盐酸C．制成稀溶液，分别加入CaCl2溶液D．制成溶液，分别加入少量澄清的石灰水【考点】物质的检验和鉴别的基本方法选择及应用．【专题】元素及其化合物．【分析】Na2CO3和NaHCO3性质不同：①NaHCO3受热分解，②碳酸钙难溶于水，而碳酸氢钙溶于水，③NaHCO3与盐酸反应剧烈，④都能澄清石灰水反应生成碳酸钙沉淀．【解答】解：A．Na2CO3受热不分解，而NaHCO3受热分解，可以鉴别，故A不选；B．向Na2CO3中逐滴加入盐酸时，先无气体产生，当盐酸加入较多时，可产生气体，而向NaHCO3中加入同浓度盐酸，则迅速产生气体，可以通过产生气体的快慢加以鉴别，故B不选；C．Na2CO3与CaCl2溶液作用产生CaCO3沉淀，而NaHCO3则不与CaCl2溶液反应，无沉淀产生，也可以鉴别，故C不选；D．Na2CO3和NaHCO3均可与澄清石灰水反应产生白色沉淀，现象相同，无法鉴别，故D 选．故选D．【点评】本题考查物质的鉴别，题目难度不大，注意碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的性质的异同，学习中注重相关基础知识的积累．10．在下列物质中，既能与盐酸反应，又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的是（）A．Na2CO3B．NaHCO3C．NaCl D．MgSO4【考点】两性氧化物和两性氢氧化物．【专题】元素及其化合物．【分析】既能与盐酸反应又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的物质有：两性化合物（如Al2O3、Al （OH）3等）、弱酸的铵盐（如（NH4）2CO3等）、弱酸的酸式盐（NaHCO3、NaHS等）、单质（如Al）、氨基酸等，据此解答．【解答】解：A．碳酸钠不能与氢氧化钠反应，故A不选；B．碳酸氢钠为弱酸的酸式盐，能够与盐酸反应生成氯化钠、水和二氧化碳，能够与氢氧化钠反应生成碳酸钠和水，故B选；C．氯化钠与氢氧化钠和盐酸都不反应，故C不选；D．硫酸镁与盐酸不反应，故D不选；故选；B．【点评】本题考查了元素化合物的性质，题目难度不大，明确物质的性质是解本题的关键，注意总结中学常见的既能与酸反应又能与碱反应的物质．11．下列反应的离子方程式有错误的是（）A．硫酸氢钠溶液与氢氧化钠溶液H++OH﹣═H2OB．钾与水K+2H2O=K++2OH﹣+H2↑C．碳酸氢钙溶液与氢氧化钠溶液Ca2++HCO+OH﹣=CaCO3↓+H2OD．小苏打溶液与盐酸反应HCO+H+=CO2↑+H2O【考点】离子方程式的书写．【专题】离子反应专题．【分析】A．硫酸氢钠溶液与氢氧化钠溶液反应生成硫酸钠和水；B．电荷不守恒；C．碳酸氢钙溶液与少量氢氧化钠溶液反应生成碳酸钙、水和氢氧化钠；D．小苏打溶液与盐酸反应生成二氧化碳、水和氯化钠．【解答】解：A．硫酸氢钠溶液与氢氧化钠溶液，离子方程式：H++OH﹣═H2O，故A正确；B．钾与水，离子方程式：2K+2H2O=2K++2OH﹣+H2↑，故B错误；C．碳酸氢钙溶液与少量氢氧化钠溶液反应，离子方程式为：Ca2++HCO3﹣+OH﹣=CaCO3↓+H2O，故C正确；D．小苏打溶液与盐酸反应，离子方程式：HCO3﹣+H+=CO2↑+H2O，故D正确；故选：B．【点评】本题考查了离子方程式的书写，明确反应的实质是解题关键，书写时注意电荷守恒、原子个数守恒、化学式的拆分．12．下列有关金属的说法中不正确的是（）A．纯铁比生铁抗腐蚀性强B．青铜、不锈钢、硬铝都是合金C．铝在空气中耐腐蚀，所以铝是不活泼金属D．人体缺钙会引起骨质疏松症，缺铁会引起贫血【考点】金属与合金在性能上的主要差异；铝的化学性质；微量元素对人体健康的重要作用．【专题】几种重要的金属及其化合物．【分析】A、生铁能构成原电池，腐蚀性更强；B、根据青铜、不锈钢、硬铝的成分和合金的概念分析判断；C、根据铝是活泼金属，空气中耐腐蚀是表面形成了稳定的氧化物分析；D、缺“铁”会引起贫血，缺“钙”会得佝偻病或发生骨质疏松．【解答】解：A、纯铁由于无杂质，只能发生化学腐蚀，而生铁含碳，能构成原电池，发生电化学腐蚀，比纯铁抗腐蚀性差，腐蚀得更快，故A正确；B、青铜是铜锡合金、不锈钢是铁铬、镍合金、硬铝是铝硅、镁等形成的合金，故B正确；C、铝是活泼金属，在空气中耐腐蚀是因为表面形成了一层氧化铝保护膜，阻止反应进行，在空气中耐腐蚀，故C错误；D、人体缺钙会引起骨质疏松症，缺铁会引起贫血，故D正确．故选C．【点评】本题主要考查了物质的组成、分类与性质，难度不大，注意知识的积累．13．下列化学反应在冶金工业中没有得到广泛应用的是（）A．MgCl2（熔融）Mg+Cl2↑B．Al2O3+3C 2Al+3CO↑C．Fe2O3+3CO 2Fe+3CO2D．HgS+O2Hg+SO2【考点】金属冶炼的一般原理．【专题】元素及其化合物．【分析】金属的活动性不同，可以采用不同的冶炼方法．金属冶炼的方法主要有：热分解法：对于不活泼金属，可以直接用加热分解的方法将金属从其化合物中还原出来，例如2HgO2Hg+O2↑；热还原法：在金属活动性顺序表中处于中间位置的金属，通常是用还原剂（C、CO、H2、活泼金属等）将金属从其化合物中还原出来，例如Fe2O3+3CO2Fe+CO2↑；电解法：活泼金属较难用还原剂还原，通常采用电解熔融的金属化合物的方法冶炼活泼金属，例如2Al2O34Al+3O2↑，以此来解答．【解答】解：A．Mg为活泼金属，利用电解法冶炼，则MgCl2（熔融）Mg+Cl2↑合理，故A正确；B．Al为活泼金属，通常用电解熔融的金属化合物的方法冶炼，应为2Al2O34Al+3O2↑，故B错误；C．Fe处于金属活动性顺序表中处于中间位置的金属，通常是用还原剂（C、CO、H2、活泼金属等）将金属从其化合物中还原出来，则Fe2O3+3CO 2Fe+3CO2合理，故C正确；D．Hg为不活泼金属，可以用HgS与O2焙烧生成Hg，即HgS+O2Hg+SO2合理，故D正确；故选B．【点评】本题考查金属的冶炼原理，为高考常见题型，侧重于学生的分析能力和应用能力的考查，把握金属活泼性与冶炼原理的关系为解答的关键，题目难度不大．14．光导纤维的主要成分是二氧化硅，下列关于二氧化硅的说法正确的是（）A．二氧化硅能与水反应B．用二氧化硅制取单质硅，当生成2.24 L（标准状况下）气体时，得到2.8g硅C．二氧化硅属于传统的无机非金属材料D．二氧化硅不能与碳酸钠溶液发生反应，但在高温下能与碳酸钠固体发生反应【考点】硅和二氧化硅．【专题】碳族元素．【分析】A．二氧化硅不溶于水；B．根据反应的化学方程式为：SiO2+2C Si+2CO↑来计算；C．传统无机非金属材料：陶瓷、玻璃、水泥（全是硅酸盐）；D．硅酸酸性弱于碳酸，高温下二氧化硅与碳酸钠反应生成硅酸钠和二氧化碳．【解答】解：A．二氧化硅不溶于水，与水不反应，故A错误；B．由方程式SiO2+2C Si+2CO↑，可得当生成2.24 L即0.1mol气体时，得到0.05mol 即1.4g硅，故B错误；C．二氧化硅不是传统无机非金属材料，故C错误；D．硅酸酸性弱于碳酸，高温下二氧化硅与碳酸钠反应生成硅酸钠和二氧化碳，故D正确；故选：D．【点评】本题考查了硅及其化合物，熟悉相关物质的性质及用途是解题关键，题目难度不大，注意传统无机非金属材料概念．15．有些科学家提出硅是“21世纪的能源”，这主要是由于作为半导体材料的硅在太阳能发电过程中具有重要的作用．下列关于硅及其化合物的说法正确的是（）A．水泥、玻璃、水晶饰物都是硅酸盐制品B．高温下，可在试管内完成焦炭和石英砂（SiO2）制取硅的反应C．透闪石的化学成分为Ca2Mg5Si8O22（OH）2写成氧化物的形式为：2CaO5MgO8SiO2H2O D．自然界中硅元素的贮量丰富，并存在大量的单质硅【考点】硅和二氧化硅．【专题】碳族元素．【分析】A．水晶的主要成分为二氧化硅；B．试管为玻璃制品，自身含有二氧化硅；C．硅酸盐改写成氧化物的形式为：活泼金属氧化物较活泼金属氧化物SiO2H2O；D．硅在自然界中以化合态存在．【解答】解：A．水泥、玻璃都是硅酸盐制品，水晶的主要成分为二氧化硅，故A错误；B．试管自身含有二氧化硅，高温条件下可以和焦炭反应，故B错误；C．Ca2Mg5Si8O22（OH）2写成氧化物形式为：2CaO5MgO8SiO2H2O，故C正确；D．硅在自然界中以化合态存在，自然界中无游离态的硅，故D错误；故选：C．【点评】本题考查学生硅、硅酸盐的有关知识，明确硅及其化合物的性质是解题关键，主要硅酸盐改写氧化物形式的一般格式．16．室温下，下列各组离子在指定溶液中一定能大量共存的是（）A．新制饱和氯水中：Na+、Al3+、SO32﹣、SO42﹣B．加入铝粉能产生氢气的溶液中：NH4+、Fe2+、NO3﹣、SO42﹣C．常温下，在碱性的溶液中：K+、AlO2﹣、CO32﹣、Na+D．在碱性的溶液中：K+、NH4+、AlO2﹣、HCO3﹣【考点】离子共存问题．【专题】离子反应专题．【分析】A．饱和氯水能够氧化亚硫酸根离子，亚硫酸根离子与铝离子发生双水解反应；B．加入铝粉能产生氢气的溶液中存在大量氢离子或氢氧根离子，铵根离子、亚铁离子与氢氧根离子反应，硝酸根离子在酸性条件下能够氧化亚铁离子；C．四种离子之间不反应，都不与碱性溶液中的氢氧根离子反应；D．铵根离子、碳酸氢根离子与碱性溶液中的氢氧根离子反应，碳酸氢根离子的酸性大于氢氧化铝，能够与偏铝酸根离子反应生成氢氧化铝沉淀．【解答】解：A．Al3+、SO32﹣之间发生双水解反应，饱和氯水能够氧化SO32﹣，在溶液中不能大量共存，故A错误；B．加入铝粉能产生氢气的溶液为酸性或强碱性溶液，NH4+与氢氧根离子反应，Fe2+、NO3﹣在酸性条件下发生氧化还原反应，在溶液中不能大量共存，故B错误；C．碱性溶液中存在大量氢氧根离子，K+、AlO2﹣、CO32﹣、Na+之间不反应，都不与氢氧根离子反应，在溶液中能够大量共存，故C正确；D．碱性溶液中存在大量氢氧根离子，NH4+、HCO3﹣与氢氧根离子反应，AlO2﹣、HCO3﹣之间反应生成氢氧化铝沉淀和碳酸根离子，在溶液中不能大量共存，故D错误；故选C．【点评】本题考查离子共存，为高考的高频题，属于中等难度的试题，注意明确离子不能大量共存的一般情况：能发生复分解反应的离子之间；能发生氧化还原反应的离子之间等；还应该注意题目所隐含的条件，如：溶液的酸碱性，据此来判断溶液中是否有大量的H+或OH﹣；溶液的具体反应条件，如“氧化还原反应”、“加入铝粉产生氢气”；是“可能”共存，还是“一定”共存等．17．下列化学反应属于“氮的固定”的是（）A．氯化铵加热分解产生NH3B．硝酸工厂用NH3氧化制NOC．N2与H2合成NH3D．由NH3和硫酸反应制取硫酸铵【考点】氮的固定．【专题】氮族元素．【分析】氮的固定指的是游离态的N转化为化合态的N．【解答】解：A．氯化铵加热分解产生NH3，化合态向化合态转化，故A错误；B．NH3、NO中的N都是化合态，故B错误；C．N2与H2合成NH3，N由游离态转化为化合态的N，故C正确；D．NH3、硫酸铵中的N都是化合态，故D正确；故选C．【点评】本题考查了“氮的固定”的概念，判断时注意分析物质中N的化合价．18．下列事实与浓硫酸表现出的性质（括号中）对应关系正确的是（）A．在空气中敞口久置的浓硫酸，溶液质量增大（脱水性）B．在加热条件下铜与浓硫酸反应（氧化性、酸性）。