英语国际音标发音讲解上课讲义

英语国际音标发音讲解英语国际音标发音一、英语字母与英语音素：1.英语中有26个字母，其中5个元音字母：a, e, i, o, u。

它们的音标分别是：/ei/, /i:/, /ai/, / əʊ /, /ju:/。

剩下的21个字母都是辅音字母。

2. 英语音素：48个。

元音音素：20个，辅音音素：28个。

3. 元音音素：12个单元音，8个双元音。

4. 单元音：前元音：/i:/ /I/ /e/ /æ/中元音：/ʌ/ / ɜ: / /ə/后元音 : / / ɒ / /u: / /ʊ/ / ɑ:/5. 双元音：合口双元音：/ɑʊ/ /əʊ/ /ɑI/ /ↄI/ /eI/集中双元音：/Iə/ /eə/ /ʊə/6. 辅音：英语爆破辅音：/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/英语摩擦辅音：/f/ /v/ /ө/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ӡ/ /h/ /r/英语破擦辅音：/ʧ/ /ʤ/英语鼻音辅音：/m/ /n/ /ƞ/英语舌侧辅音：/ l/ /ł/英语半元音：/w/ /j/英语辅音连缀： /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/二、英语音素与练习：（1）元音音素：1. 单元音：前元音：/i:/：me, he, be, bee, see, sea, tea, she, tree, three, eat, meat, meet, green, jeans, between, teenager, fifteen, meal, sheep, east, need,feel, peach, each, teach, teacher, meter, sweet, see, week, weak,weekend, read, fever, clean, easy, speech, feed, leave, agree, keep,people, free, speak, season, reason,/I/ : in, this, will, his, six, miss, pink, sing, ill, kill, still, ticket, sit, it, bit, pick, sick, did, chick, lip, fish, milk, swim, ship, quick, lip, big, fill,pig, sister, dinner, wind, window, skipping, clinic, thin, rich, busy,wish, dish, finish, little, sing, spring, city, delicious/e/ : get, let, pet, desk, yes, chess, next, text, best, met, pen, pencil, bed, west, guest, tennis, egg, red, net, rest, set, test, wet, lend, mend,tell, well, fell, letter, sweater, head, bench, bread, , ten, seven,end, medicine, help, check, yes, then, menu, never, ever, lesson,very, says, said, many,any/æ/： fat, map, and, land, man, plan, bag, cat, apple, fan, Japan, dad, sad, sand, lad, stamp, black, hat, cap, ambulance, angry, have,catch, carry, stand, travel, hand, rabbit, animal, lamp, cabbage,family, dragon, Africa, bank, Saturday, can, candy, camera, act,happy, candle, than, that, thank, glad, matter, bad, happen,handsome, math, taxi,中元音：/ʌ/ ：but, come, cut, must, bus, us, up, color, mother, such, uncle, duck, luck, lucky, fun, funny, sun, sunny, love, worry, son, brother,other, another, study, lunch, Sunday, under, umbrella, number,nothing, wonderful, run, running, young, cover, above, money,much, cup, cousin, monkey, Monday, summer, brush, trouble,something, some, just, supper, country,/ɜ:/ ：girl, shirt, bird, skirt, nurse, work, worker, first, thirteen, third, thirty, dirty, thirsty, worth, birth, birthday, circle, world, her, early, turn, person, Thursday, worm, prefer, certain, temperature, heard,learn, earth,/ə/： teacher, mother, father, sister, brother, farmer, driver, singer,dancer, worker, answer, under, visitor, waiter, writer, bigger,winter, soldier, meter, theater, manager, cleaner, ruler, eraser,woman, picture, future, camera, tiger, actor, China, number, after, 后元音：/ↄ: / ：four, for, short, door, floor, more, before, wall, call, all, tall, ball, draw, saw, horse, or, daughter, report, reporter, boring, warm,talk, your, north, forty, sport, autumn, fall, important, bought,thought, ought, because, corn, corner, born, store, score, / ɒ / ：box, dog, doctor, doll, often, lot, top, boss, chopstick, shop, job, sock, office, coffee, got, golf, long, hospital, orange, lost, bottle,crocodile, tomorrow, borrow, cost, hot, on, wash, watch, song,follow, what, stop, fox, frog, wallet, not, sorry,/u: / ：too, zoo, room, pool, food, goose, tooth, school, stool, soon, moon, kangaroo, cool, noon, tool, fool, broom, cartoon, choose,shoot, afternoon, juice, blue, noodles, true, truth, fruit, shoes,through, lose, group, do, ruler, two,/ʊ/ ：good, cook, took, book, foot, stood, wood, look, wool, classroom, bathroom, bedroom, mushroom, boyhood, woman, put, full,notebook, could, would, should, wolf, sugar, push,oo字母组合发短音的常见8个单词：A good cook took a book, his foot stood by the wood and looked.好厨师拿书，脚站树林看。

/ ɑ:/：far, father, glass, grass, garden, car, farm, farmer, large, ask, fast, bath, party, arm, are, star, start, bar, part, heart, dark, last, park,guitar, giraffe, market, card, banana, basket, basketball, class,hard, art, artist, pass, park, laugh,2. 双元音：合口双元音：/eI/ ：table, plate, cake, radio, beefsteak, take, make, same, name,play, great, stay, day, say, today, birthday, may, place, space,eight, wait, waiter, maybe, pain, again, save, way, always, case,gray, afraid,/əʊ/ ：go, ago, so, no, nose, home, those, rose, hope, alone, potato, tomato, boat, goat, coat, tomorrow, row, oh, OK, kilo, lonely,know, piano, yellow, grow, bowl, own, show, low, cold, /ɑI/ ：I, kite, bike, white, five, knife, ice, rice, nice, write, Mike, mice, time, nine, while, eye, sky, pie, lie, die, light, right, night, fly, my,mind, quite, cry, buy, tired, fine,/ɑʊ/ ：house, cow, how, now, down, about, out, mouse, flower, blouse, sound, mountain, count, hour, ground, found, round, brown,crowd,/ↄI/ ：boy, toy, coin, oil, boil, noise, point, joy, join, enjoy, voice, choice集中双元音：/Iə/ ：ear, deer, dear, here, hear, tear, beer, theater, museum, clear,year, cheer, appear, serious, fear, near, engineer,/eə/ ：pear, pair, air, airport, chair, hair, fair, square, care, careful,there, bear, where, wear, their, theirs,/ʊə/：poor, sure, tour, tourist, jewel, cruel, Europe,（2）辅音音素：1.清辅成对辅音(20个)：[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[ð] [ʃ]-[ʒ] [ts]-[dz] [tʃ]-[dʒ] [tr]-[dr] /p/: pen map help cheap pencil paper apple happy appear/b/: bag by bed boy bus blue rabbit cabbage/t/: ten time not get table bottle bottom little pretty watched washed/d/: desk door day dog add daddy middle played cleanedclimbed answered/k/: cat come cut clock cry picture school Christmas chemistry bookbike cake kite Kate look/g/: go girl big get egg bigger biggest guess great glad gamegolf again glass grass goat God dog goal/f/: five fish fine family fifteen photo phone elephant laugh enough off coffee/v/: very five have of leave voice visit visitor themselves/s/: nice city cycle sit six some bus use us desk books miss class /z/: is his please music lose husband apples leaves thieves knives size exercise prize zoo reason/θ/: three thank month thin thought three throw tooth teeth south north month mouth through/ð/: this the with than breathe though mother father there that these those/ʃ/: she shoe short shop wash sure Asia special sufficient delicious /ʒ/: usually television pleasure garage/ts/: shi rts hurts coats costs goats Let’s kites gates dates pizza/dz/: beds birds hands friends decides/tʃ/: chair much lunch China watch picture question teach teacher rich future each reach/dʒ/: age page huge orange gentle gentleman general bridge porridge judge jump jacket just June Jim sandwich/tr/: tree trip try true truth train/dr/: dress drive hundred children drink dry draw dream2.单个辅音（8个）：/h/: he her have hand head hair who whom whose hard home hello/r/: red right three sorry worry hurry carry carrot write wrong/l/: let look please lake people tell full till bell/m/: man meat meet time common communicate climb lamb autumn/n/: name nice nine near under know knife Ann/ŋ/: sing long young morning thank think ink pink English/w/: we window work walk what why where white/j/: yes you year yellow young onion review million billion Europe 三、开音节与闭音节：一、开音节：1. 分类：开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，一种叫相对开音节。