怀特海思想
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1. Value comes from the combination of what Whitehead calls intensity and
harmony. Intensity and harmony are expressions of the process of becoming and how
value is formed through that process. There are two sides to every event: how much
feeling of others it holds in its constitution, and how these feelings are integrated
together. The former is intensity and the latter is harmony. For Henning, “the creative
process of the universe itself… aim[s] at achieving the most harmonious, inclusive,
and complex whole possible.” This is how value is created.
怀特海认为价值来自于他所谓的强度与和谐二者的组合。强度与和谐是事物生成过程及事物价值形成过程的表达。每个事件都包含两方面：一是在价值构成中包含多少中不同的感受；二是怎样使这些价值感受组合而成为一体。前者即所谓的强度，后者则是所谓的和谐。就像亨宁所说：“宇宙自身的创造性过程„„目的是使复合体在整体上完成最和谐、最广泛成为可能。”这就是价值的产生。
2. Entities or events that can integrate seemingly divergent elements into a
related whole become a contrast. Intensity and harmony go together. The contrast of
many elements together in a related event leads to a more intense value-experience.
Harmonization happens as an activity of growing together or concrescence.
Whitehead brilliantly summarizes his view of value and actuality, saying: Everything
has some value for itself, for others, and for the whole. This characterizes the meaning
of actuality… We have no right to deface the value experience which is the very
essence of the universe. Existence, in its own nature, is the upholding of value
intensity… [N]o unit can separate itself from the others, and from the whole. And yet
each unit exists in its own right. It upholds value intensity with the universe.
Everything that in any sense exists has two sides, namely, its individual self and its
signification in the universe.
把看似不同的诸多因素整合在一个相关的整体中的存在物或事件形成对比。强度与和谐共存。在相关事件中诸多因素之间的对比会导致更强烈的价值经验。怀特海把他关于价值和现实性的观点精辟地概括为：每一件事情对于自身、其他事物和宇宙整体都有价值。这代表了现实性的意义„„我们没有权利消除宇宙本质的价值体验。在自然规律中，存在物能够维持自身的价值强度„„没有任何一个个体能够把它自身从其他事物及宇宙整体中分离出去。并且每一个体都有自身存在的权力。它同宇宙一样可以维持自身的价值强度。换句话说，每一件事情在存在感上都有两面性：一个是个体的自我性，一个是在宇宙中生存的意义。
3. By this, Whitehead demonstrates the inseparability of all actualities, whether
past or present, with the creation of values for themselves and for others, their
mutually intrinsic and instrumental value. The value produced in one actuality allows
for greater potentials to be realized in its environment. Likewise, being part of a
complex environment filled with value-events allows for the entity in that context to
express greater value in its own self-enjoyment. A rich, healthy environment is
beneficial for the individual’s self-enjoyment within that environment, which is itself
constituted by the innumerable individuals benefiting from one another’s existence.
由此，怀特海表明：伴随着对自身和其他事物的价值创造，无论是过去还是现在，所有实在的不可分离性体现在它们之间本质的、相互的价值一致性。实在产生的价值在其自身环境中允许实现自身更大的潜能。还有，成为价值事件的复合体环境允许实在物在自我享受中表达更大的价值。一个优裕舒适的环境是指有利于个体的自我享受范围内的环境，是由无数的个体从其他存在物中所受益而形成的。
