2019高考英语牛津版二轮语法精讲精练精析01

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2019高考英语牛津版二轮语法精讲精练精析01情态动词【考点透视】从近几年的高考试题来看,情态动词是一大热点。

每年单项填空题必考一题,通常从三个方面来考查考生对情态动词的运用:一是情态动词本身所表达的意义,如表示禁止、命令、威胁、许诺等意义;can,may,might,need,shall,should等的用法。

二是“情态动词+havedone”表示推测。

三是情态动词后面省略形式的用法区别,如Icould(=Icoulddo〕,Icouldhave(=Icouldhavedone)的区别。

〔一〕can和could的用法1、表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。

例如:Canyoufinishthisworktonight?一CanIgonow? 一Yes,youcan.2、could也可表示请求,是委婉的语气,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can,即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中。

例如:一CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?一Yes,youcan.(否定答语可用No,I’mafraidnot)。

3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。

(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)Canthisbetrue?4、“can(could)+have+过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。

例如:Hecannothavebeentothattown.〔二〕may和might的用法1、表示请求、可以与允许的情况,might比may的语气更加委婉。

may的否定式为maynot,但表示“不可以、禁止”答意思时常用mustn’t代替maynot。

例如:一MayItakethebookoutofthereading-room?一Yes,youmay.(No,youmustn’t./No,youmaynot./No,you’dbetternot.)2、“may/might+have+v-ed”结构表示对过去行为的推测,含有“想必、也许会”的意思。

Shemay/mighthavemissedthetrain.〔三〕must和haveto的用法1、must的否定式有两个:mustn’t表示“禁止”;needn’t/don’thaveto是一般疑问句的否定答复。

例如:一Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?一No,youneedn’t.2、“musthavedone”意思是“过去一定做了”;其否定式“can’t/mustn’thavedone”意思是“(过去)不可能做了”;而“needn’thavedone”意思是“(过去)没必要做”。

3、must与haveto的区别;二者含义很相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但haveto有各种形式,随have的变化而定。

must与haveto有以下几点不同:〔1〕must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而haveto那么往往强调客观需要。

〔2〕must一般只表示现在,而haveto那么有更多的时态形式。

〔3〕询问对方的意愿时应用must。

〔4〕表示理论上的论断和自然法那么的必然性时,应用must。

例如:WemustbelievethatonlysocialismcansaveChina.〔四〕dare和need的用法1、need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto或should代替。

例如:―NeedIfinishthework?―Yes,youmust.注意:needn’thavedone表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。

2、dare做情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用肯定句中。

例如:HowdareyousayI’munfair?3、dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化。

所不同的是,作实义动词时,在肯定句中,后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。

〔五〕shall和should的用法1、shall常用于第【一】第三人称。

假设用于其他人称时,那么表示说话人给对方的“命令、警告、允诺或威胁”。

2、shall用于条约、规章、法令等文件中,表示义务或规定,一般用第三人称,意为“一定”。

3、shall用于if/when引导的从句中,表示将来的可能性,语气较强,意为“将”。

例如:WhenIshallseehim,Iwillgivehimyourmessage.4、should常表示“惊异、赞叹、不满”等情绪。

主语从句中谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”。

5、shouldhavedone意为“应该做而未做”;shouldn’thavedone意为“不应该做而做了”。

6、should表示劝告、建议、命令。

同义词未oughtto。

〔六〕will和would的用法1、表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。

2、表示意志、愿望和决心。

3、willbe和willhavedone的结构均表示推测,主要用于第【二】三人称。

前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。

Thiswillbethebookyouwant.Theguestswouldhavearrivedbythattime.4、would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

would表过去习惯时usedto正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

〔七〕oughtto的用法1、oughtto表示应该2、oughtto表示推测3、oughttohavedone表示过去应做某事而实际未做。

〔这时oughtto和should可以互换〕〔八〕usedto,hadbetter,wouldrather的用法1、usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变。

在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式。

如:Didyouusetogotothesameschoolasyourbrother?Usedyoutogotothesameschoolasyourbrother?Iusedn’ttogothere.Ididn’tusetogothere.Sheusedtobeveryfat,didn’tshe?/use(d)n’tshe?2、hadbetter意为“最好”,后接不带to的不定式。

3、wouldrather意为“宁愿”,后接不带to的不定式。

由于wouldrather表示选择,因而后可接than。

如:Iwouldratherworkonafarmthaninafactory.IwouldratherwatchTVthangotoseethefilm.Iwouldratherloseadozencherrytreesthanyoushouldtellmeonelie.【题例精析】【例1】—Didn’ttheycometothepartylastweek?—Yes.Theydidn’twanttocomewithusatfirst,butthenwe____persuadethem.A.wouldB.couldC.wereabletoD.hadto【易错点悟】解答该题的关键在于区别can与beableto表示“能力”的用法。

【要点精析】根据上下文语境及讲话人语气,选项动作表示经过努力才完成的。

在这种语气的肯定句和疑问句中,常用beableto,在否定句中可用can。

【答案】C【例2】You____paytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskill,asitissoimportant.〔2007北京四中交流卷〕A.can’tB.shouldC.mustD.needn’t【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是对“can’t...too...”固定短语的理解。

【要点精析】根据句子意义:无论怎么注意你的阅读技巧都不过分。

同时句中由于有了too...to结构,只有can’t可以与它构成固定短语,有此含义。

其它选项无此意。

【答案】A【专项检测】1.Ipromisedtogettherebefore5o’clock,butnowtherainispouringdown.They______formeimpatiently.A.maywaitB.oughttowaitC.couldwaitD.mustbewaiting2.Hewasverybrave.Eventhoughshe’dhurtherleg,she________gobackalone.A.couldB.mightC.havetoD.wasableto3.You________paytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskill,asitissoimportant.A.cannotB.shouldC.mustD.needn’t4.I’vetriedseveraltimes,butthecarjust_______.A.doesn’tstartB.wouldn’tstartC.won’tstartD.didn’tstart5.Alwaystheoldlady______sitforhoursdoingnothingatall.A.wasusedtoB.wouldedtoD.should6.Thereusedtobeasmallschool,___________?A.wasthereB.wasn’titedn’tthereedn’tit7.Ourhouseisonthetopofthehill,soinsummerthewind_____beprettycold.A.mustB.canC.oughttoD.need8.Haven’tItoldyouthatyou__________havetheanswertomorrowmorning?A.willB.shallC.shouldD.would9.I’msurprisedthathe_______inthematch.A.shouldfailB.shouldhavefailedC.wouldhavefailedD.mayhavefailed10.Bettergotoseemysickcolleaguerightnow,________I?A.hadn’tB.didn’tC.don’tD.won’t11.Sir,you______behuntingdeerhere,fortheyarepreservedbythegovernment.A.oughtn’ttoB.can’tC.won’tD.needn’t12.SorryI’mlate.I______haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will13.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It__________acomfortablejourney.A.can’tB.shouldn’tbeC.musthavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen14.Tobeonthesafeside,weshouldfillupthetanknow,becausewe______runoutofgasontheway.A.canB.wouldC.mightD.should15.____threepeoplewhotraveltogether,there_____beatleastonewho____bemyteacher.A.Between;can;willB.In;should;couldC.Among;will;mayD.Of;must;can16.—Couldyoulendmethatbookyou______meaboutwhenItelephonedyou?—No,Iamsorry,Ican’t.Igaveittoafriend.A.weretellingB.wouldtellC.hadtoldD.hadbeentelling17.—Weneedapersonbadlytothinkupsuchanidea.—_______thenewcomerhaveatry?A.ShallB.MayC.ShouldD.Need18.We________sotired.We’veonlybeentoaparty.A.mustn’thavefeltB.wouldn’thavefeltC.shouldn’thavefeltD.couldn’thavefelt19.ProfessorSmith,manystudentswanttoseeyou.__________theywaithereoroutside?A.DoB.ShallC.WillD.Would20.—HowaboutpayingavisittoMr.Richardson,ourformerhistoryteacher? —Goodidea.Iwille-mailhimtodaysohe_____know_________toexpectus.A.shall;whyB.may;whenC.would;whyD.will;how21.—Iwenttoworkonfootyesterday,thoughit_________catsanddogs.—You__________bybus.Itwaslikelytogetacold.A.israining;musthavegoneB.rained;wouldgoC.wasmining;shouldhavegoneD.haverained;couldhavegone22.You______paytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskill,asitissoimportant.A.cannotB.shouldC.mustD.needn’t23.ItoldSallytofixhimupwiththisjob,butperhapsI_________itoutforher.A.hadtowriteB.musthavewrittenC.shouldhavewrittenD.oughttowrite24.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe________yourlecture.A.couldn’thaveattendedB.needn’thaveattendedC.mustn’thaveattendedD.shouldn’thaveattended25.Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe________duringtheday.A.shouldhavedoneB.wouldhavedoneC.mayhavedoneD.musthavedone26.—IsthereanyflighttoTokyotoday?—Ithinkthere_____,fortheweatheristoobad.A.mustn’tbeB.mightn’tbeC.needn’tbeD.can’tbe27.—I’mtoldthatJohnhadanothercaraccidentthismorning.—Ibelievenot.He_____socareless.A.shouldn’thavebeenB.wouldn’thavebeenC.couldn’thavebeenD.mustn’thavebeen28.Itwasplayingcomputergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethathe__________doinghislessons.A.mighthavespentB.oughttohavespentC.musthavespentD.couldhavespent29.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends.—You_______.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen.A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave30.Theymusthavefinishedtheworkbytheendoflastmonth,__________?A.mustn’ttheyB.haven’ttheyC.hadn’ttheyD.didn’tthey31.—Ididn’tseeheryesterday.—Ofcourse,you_____,becausehehadgoneforatrip.A.can’tB.maynothaveC.can’thaveD.mustn’thave32.You________phonehimifyouwantto,butyou_________.Heissuretophoneyou.A.may;mustn’tB.haveto;needn’tC.can;doesn’tneedD.can;needn’t33.—Shemusthavegonebacktothevalley.—______,she_____have.Theentrancetoitwasnowheretobefound.A.No;mustn’tB.Yes;mightC.Yes;couldD.No;couldn’t34.He_____fullmarks,buthewassocarelessastomakeaspellingmistake.A.musthavegainedB.canhavegainedC.couldhavegainedD.mustgain35.Fromwhatyousaid,she_____youaboutit.A.mustn’thavetoldB.can’thavetoldC.mustn’ttellD.can’ttell36.—YououghttohavemadeanapologytoTomyesterdayevening.—Yes,IknowI_________.A.oughttoB.havetoC.shouldhaveD.musthave37.—Isthereafogintheevening?—There_______be.I’llmakeaphonecalltofinditout.A.mustB.wouldC.willD.might38.—_______hehelpyouwiththeproblem?—Well,thoughitisveryhard,__________I’lldowhatIcantoworkitout.A.Shall;butB.Can;andC.Must;howeverD.Will;still39.—Howisthat,Joan?—Yeah,it’sfromtheboss.She_________first,whethershelikesit.A.shallgoB.oughttohavegoneC.shouldgoD.musthavegone40.—Wouldyouliketowatchthevideo,inwhichyoucanseeforeignersmakingjiaojiduringthe SpringFestival?—Sure,it______beveryinteresting.A.shouldB.mayC.canD.will41.—Thedoorwasopen.—It_________open.Ihadlockeditmyselfandthekeywasinmypocket.A.cannotbeB.mustnotbeC.cannothavebeenD.mustnothavebeen42.—Where________Margarethaveputtheemptybottles?—She________themaway.Theymustbesomewhere.A.can;can’thavethrownB.must;needn’tC.must;musthavethrownD.cant;mustthrow43.—Mum,IclimbedtogettheTeddyBearfromthetopoftheshelf.—Mygoodness!You_______yourself.You______dothatnexttime.A.musthavehurt;mustn’tB.shouldhavehurt;can’tC.mayhavehurt;mustn’tD.mighthavehurt;won’tbeableto44.—ShallIgoandbuymorefoodanddrinksfortheparty?—No,wehavepreparedafridgeofthose.That_______bequiteenough.A.canB.mayC.mightD.oughtto45.—Hurryup,Michael!It’stentothree.—Goodnessme!Theclass_______.I’llbelateagain.A.mustbeginB.maybeginC.shouldhavebegunD.musthavebegun46.Whenhewasthere,he____gotothatcoffeeshopatthestreetcomerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might47.—Ihearyouhavewrittenanovel.—Yes,thebook________beoutinamonthorso.A.canB.dareC.shouldD.need48.—HowcouldIthankyouenough?—Don’tmentionit.Anyotherman_________that.A.mustdoB.coulddoC.wouldhavedoneD.shouldhavedone49.—Whyaren’ttheyhereyet?—They________thebus.A.canhavemissedB.mustbelateforC.mayhavemissedD.mightbelatefor50.Mike_______cometoseemeIdon’twanttogooutincasehecomes.A.canB.mustC.mayD.will51.Thethief________infromthekitchenwindowasthedoorwasclosed.A.mayclimbB.musthaveclimbedC.couldhaveclimbedD.shouldhaveclimbed52.—Youdidn’tinviteBill?—__________himtoo?A.MustIinviteB.MustIhaveinvitedC.ShouldIinviteD.ShouldIhaveinvited53.—Whydidn’tyouattendthelectureyesterday?—Ididn’tthinkthatwe_______onSundays.A.shouldB.oughttohaveC.shouldn’thaveD.willhaveto54.It’ssaidthatthereareplentyofhotelsinthattown.There______beanydifficultyforyouto findsomewheretostay.A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t55.—WouldyoubeheretoattendtheEnglishpartythisevening?—Yes,we_________.A.shallB.wouldC.willD.must56.OnSundayswhenIwasachild,FatherandI_______getupearlyandgofishing.A.couldB.wouldC.mightD.should57.—You’dbetterkeepquietinclass.—SometimesI________Yesterday,IwasveryquietduringmyEnglishclass.A.wouldB.doC.didD.have58.Ilivedwithmysisterthissummeranddidn’thavetopayrent.SoI______savemostofmysalary.A.couldB.wouldC.wasabletoD.should59.—Look,John’sfallenasleep.—Oh,he_______toolatelastnight.A.mightsitupB.shouldhavesatupC.couldsitupD.musthavesatup60.—Ipostedtheletteraweekago.—Thenthey__________theletterbynow.Itusuallytakesfourdays.A.canhavereceivedB.mustreceiveC.shouldreceiveD.oughttohavereceived61.HeusedtoteachinthatuniversityandI_________ridepastitonmywaytowork.A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.might62.—Soyouhavetoleavenow.—Yes,I__________.—Howniceitwouldbeifyoucouldstayabitlonger!A.havetoB.oughttoC.doD.have63.He_______Shanghai,forIsawhimtalkingwiththeheadmasteramomentago.A.musthavegonetoB.can’thavegonetoC.mustn’thavebeentoD.can’thavebeento64.FromwhatIlearnabouttheirhotel,theserviceandtheweather,they_____theirholidayverymuch.A.wouldn’thaveenjoyedB.shouldn’thaveenjoyedC.needn’thaveenjoyedD.can’thaveenjoyed65.ItisnotlikeJacktobeunfriendly,sohe_________youwhenyoucalled.A.can’thaveseenB.shouldnothaveseenC.mustnothaveseenD.neednothaveseen66.—ManypeopleinEnglandlovetogiveadviceonweatherreporting.—Yes,butIthinktheweatheroffice’scomputers_________bemoreaccurate.A.canB.mustC.oughttoD.might67.—Thefarmerslivednearthehighway.—________verynoisy.A.ItmusthavebeenB.TheymustbeC.ThatmightbeD.Theremustbe68.Sheistooslow.She________passthetest,butshe__________toolittle.A.would;knewB.will;knowsC.would;knowsD.will;knew69.—Marydidn’tturnuplasttime,didshe?—No.She_________.Wehadchangedourplan.A.shouldn’thavecomeB.needn’thavetocomeC.didn’tneedtocomeD.needn’thavecome70.—Theyhaven’tfinishedtheworkuptonow.—Well,they________.A.shouldB.shouldhaveC.wouldD.musthave71.—ShallIgoandbuymorefruitfortheparty?—No,Ihavealreadybought3baskets.That_________beenough.A.canB.oughttoC.mayD.might72.—Whyhasn’tthespeakerturnedup?—He_________theflight.I’llfinditoutatonce.A.musthavemissedB.mighthavemissedC.wouldhavemissedD.couldhavemissed73.I_______payTomavisit,butIamnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could74.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well,ifyou_____know,hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall75.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(考生)________remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall【答案解析】1、D。