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Identifying the ICT chanlleges of the Agri-food sector to define the Architectural Requirements

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Identifying the ICT challenges of the Agri-

Food sector to define the Architectural

Requirements for a Future Internet Core

Platform

Christopher BREWSTER1, Sjaak WOLFERT2 , Harald SUNDMAEKER3

1Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK

Tel: +44 121 2043203, Email: C.A.Brewster@aston.ac.uk

2LEI, part of Wageningen UR, The Hague, The Netherlands

Tel: +31 317 485939, Email: sjaak.wolfert@wur.nl

3ATB Institut für Angewandte Systemtechnik Bremen GmbH, Bremen, Germany

Tel:+49-421-22092-53, Email: Sundmaeker@atb-bremen.de

Abstract: This paper discusses the specific challenges of the agri-food sector in the light of research carried out in the SmartAgriFood project. Using questionnaires and focus groups, our research identifies a number of business needs and drivers which enable the identification of suitable Future Internet technologies across the three sub-domains of Smart Farming, Smart Agri-logistics, and Smart Food Awareness. The universal need for information access and the importance of standards to enable this lead us to propose an integrated scenario for end to end information access from farm to fork. We conclude by discussing wider implications of such developments especially for climate change and urbanisation.

1.Introduction

The food and agriculture sector represents 5.9% of world GDP and at least 35% of

worldwide employment. In the European context it is one of the largest manufacturing

sectors (e.g. 13% of UK workforce) and over 20% of transport is dedicated to food and

agriculture. Although the agri-food sector is a large commercial and industrial sector, it has

one of the lowest penetrations of ICT technologies.

Over the past thirty years ICT technologies have been introduced in the agriculture and

food sectors, improving food production and its transportation to the end consumers. The

uptake of these solutions has been slow for a number of reasons. A key challenge for ICT in

the agriculture sector is information management, both within specific domains and across

the whole supply chain from farm to fork. This is compounded by specific characteristics of

the sector, including the very large number of actors along the supply-chain and the

heterogeneity of those actors and the consequent very poor information flow along the

supply chain. A very conservative “need-to-know” attitude such that essentially information

flows only “one-up, one down” makes this worse; for example, the farmer might

communicate with the wholesaler or food processor but not directly with the retailer, a

problem even more accentuated in complex supply chains for processed or packaged food.

Lack of information has been recognised as a critical issue for a long time in the agri-

food sector. There is a need for greater transparency due to pressures from consumers

desiring to know more about their food, and the need for tracking and tracing in the context

of health and safety and responding to food emergencies such E. Coli. The dificulties in

achieving this are due to a. complexity in products and processes, b. the multiplicity of

1culturally diverse SMEs, and c. the lack of appropriate institutional infrastructure to support

transparency through the food chain. Another factor in the slow adoption of ICT

technologies is that existing solutions (e.g., farm management information systems,

logistics services) are closed proprietary solutions, the capabilities of which are directly

proportional to their cost. Interoperability among such different systems is challenging.

The EU’s Future Internet Public-Private Partnership (FI-PPP) program1 aims to make

service infrastructures and business processes more intelligent, more efficient and more

sustainable through tighter integration with Future Internet (FI) technologies. The

SmartAgriFood project2 is one of the eight use cases in FI-PPP and addresses the challenge

of applying ICT to three sub-domains: agricultural production (“Smart Farming”) , the

transportation sector (“Smart Agri-logistics”) and improving food awareness for consumers

(“Smart Food Awareness”). For each of these sub-domains, the project has gathered user

requirements and is currently developing pilot implementations. The aim is to explore FI’s

capabilities to enable data integration amongst different systems, to allow easy and secure

access to information along the supply chain, to simplify the discovery of stakeholders and

services and the publishing of data to other stakeholders, to host a software modules in the

cloud to reduce costs, and to enable service composition and mash-up to enhance the

functionalities of applications offered.

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形考任务1

一、完形填空：阅读下面的短文，选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。

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农业工程与信息技术英语

农业工程与信息技术英语

农业工程与信息技术英语

英文回答：

Agricultural Engineering and Information Technology.

Agricultural engineering combines the principles of

engineering with biological sciences to design and develop

systems and equipment for agricultural production and

processing. Information technology (IT) plays a crucial

role in modern agricultural engineering, enabling the

collection, analysis, and management of data to optimize

farming practices and improve efficiency.

One of the primary applications of IT in agricultural

engineering is precision farming. Precision farming

utilizes sensors, GPS, and data analysis tools to collect

detailed information about soil conditions, crop health,

and yield potential. This data is then used to create

customized management plans that optimize inputs such as

fertilizer, water, and pesticides, reducing waste and increasing productivity.