Module5 Unit2语法
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过去分词作宾补和状语
一、过去分词作宾语补足语
接过去分词（短语）做宾语补足语的四类动词及特殊结构有：
1. 感官动词：feel, see, hear, watch, smell, taste, notice, observe, find etc. + sth. / sb.
+ done。如：
I heard the song sung in English.
I found all the windows broken.
Now when people refer to England, you find Wales included as well.
2. 表示“希望；要求”等意义的动词：want, would like/love, wish, order etc. + sth./
sb.+ done。如：
The police, finding the film unhealthy, ordered it banned.
We want the work finished by Saturday.
He didn’t wish it mentioned.
3. 使役动词：make, get, have etc. + sth./ sb. + done。:如：
I had my tap repaired. (=I asked someone to repair the tap.)
„„to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful
way.
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
【注意】have + sth./ sb. + done的三种不同的含义：
(1)“请/让/叫别人(为自己)做某事”，强调主语的意志。
We have our classroom cleaned after school every day.
(2)“受到；遭受”，表示一种经历。
She had her house damaged in the storm.
(=Something bad had happened to her house.)
(3)“使完成某事”，此事可以是别人完成的也可以是自己参与的。
She told me she had had her house repaired.
(=She told me her house was repaired.)
4. 保持某种状态的动词：keep, leave etc. + sth./sb. + done。如：
Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.
Please keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
5. 特殊结构: with /without + 名词/代词 + done 结构，分词done 做名词或代词的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间，方式，条件，原因等状语。
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam.
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home.
事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因)
(4)She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他.
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.
他仍然举着手站了一会儿.
二、过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.
(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
【分析】written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有： lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于);
dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。
Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音.
2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称要一致。
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题.
(given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ，即 I 被再给一个小时。)
(2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，即“城市被看”。)
3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中作状语时，可表示时间，原因，条件，伴随，让步等。
(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了.
(caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句
Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快.
( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds
are grown in rich soil.
【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
练一练：
1. When we were passed by I saw a soldier ______ in the river and found his horse
______ to a big tree.
A. swim; tie B. to swim; to tie
C. swimming; tied D. swum; tying
2. I was having my bike ______ in the street when I heard my name ______.
A. repaired; called B. repairing; to call
C. repaired; calling D. to repair; call
3. Whatever he said, he couldn’t make himself______.
A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. to understand
4. What surprised me was to see some important people in the town ______ in the
chairs at the back of our classroom.
A. seating B. seated C. seat D. to be seated
5. I find it ______ that you can’t play football. But team cooperation(合作) won’t
make you ______.
A. amazing; embarrassed B. amazed; embarrassed
C. amazing; embarrassing D. amazed; embarrassing
6. The old hostess stood ______ for a moment when she saw a beggar ______ before
her suddenly.
A. surprising; appear B. surprised; appear
C. surprising; appearing D. surprised; appearing
7. The students studied the plan that they would like to see ______ the next term.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
8. ______ greatly by what he had heard and seen, he made up his mind to stand on his
own feet again.
A. Inspiring B. To be inspired C. Being inspired D. Inspired
9. A cook will be fired immediately if he is found ______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
10. John rushed out in a hurry, ______ the door ______.
A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking
C. left; unlocked D. to leave; unlocked
11. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor..
A. Dresses B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dresses
