14单元总结
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武陟三中导学案 1 班级____________ 姓名_____________ M 5 U14导学案 14单元知识点总结
编写人:马娜娜 审查:英语组 2010年10月 寄语:Practice makes perfect------熟能生巧 Lesson 1 1. have problems doing sth在某方面有问题
短语拓展:have problems/difficulty/trouble with sth在某方面有困难/问题 have problems/difficulty/trouble (in ) doing sth在做某事方面有困难/问题 e.g. I have difficulty (in) understanding the question. 2. aid可做动词或名词,意为“援助,帮助”,常用于以下结构: aid sb with sth帮助某人某事 ; aid sb in doing sth/ to do sth帮助某人做某事; give aid to 给…帮助 ; with the aid/help of sb在某人的帮助下 3. set an example意为树立榜样,常用于set an example to sb或者set sb an example给某人树立榜样 翻译:雷锋给我们树立了一个好的榜样。 LeiFeng set a good example to us / LeiFeng set us a good example. 4. be/get stuck粘住,遇到困难;陷入 例:纸粘在我的手指上。(be stuck to)The paper was /is stuck to my fingers. 令我失望的是,汽车陷入了泥里。(be stuck in) To my disappointment , the bus was stuck in the mud. 5. take charge of 开始管理,接管(表示主动) e.g. John will take charge of the next meeting. 约翰将主持下一次会议。 take the charge of 被监督,用于被动 e.g. The company has been taken the charge of him for many years. be in charge of 掌管,负责,主语通常是人,表主动 e.g. Dr. Wilson is in charge of these patients. 威尔逊医生负责治疗这些病人。 be in the charge of 由……掌管,负责,有被动的意味 e.g. These patients are in the charge of Dr. Wilson. 这些病人是威尔逊医生负责治疗的。 注:介词in 还可以用under代替 put sb. in charge of 让…负责 武陟三中导学案 2 e.g. The boss put him in charge of the company. 老板让他管理公司 6.consult vt. 找(医生)看病;请教或咨询;查阅 e.g. He went to the town to consult his doctor. 他进城去看医生 consult a dictionary 查字典 / look up a word 查单词 consult vi. 做不及物动词时常与with连用 e.g. consullt with your friends Lesson 2 1. turn up 开大,调高; 增加速度、音量; 发现,找到, 出现; 意外地发生 e.g. Something turned up and I was unable to go. 发生了一点意外,我不能离开 拓展: turn down 声音调低;拒绝 turn over 移交;翻看,翻身 turn out 结果是,证实 turn away 解雇;驱逐 turn off 关闭,停止 2. make up 编造;弥补;化妆 ; make out 假称;看清楚;理解 e.g. make up an excuse 编造借口 Let’s make out she is in the room 我们可以假称她在屋里。 It is hard to make out his message. 难以理解他的信息。 拓展:make over 改变,转变;转让…..的所有权 make up for 补偿,弥补(损害,时间或金钱方面的损失等) Lesson 3 1. dream of doing sth. 想象做某事,梦想做某事 e.g. He dreams of becoming a famous athlete. 2. not…until 直到……才 e.g. I didn’t go to bed until late. 3. junior作形容词意为:初级的,年长的,有资格的,职位高的; be junior to 表示“比…职位低;比…年龄小”;junior high school 初中 e.g. 他比在这里工作的其他人的职位都低 翻译: He is junior to all the people who work here. 拓展:senior 高级的;年长的 be senior to 比…年龄大、职位高 senior high school 高中 武陟三中导学案 3 4. turn over 翻转;仔细考虑;移交; 推翻 I’m still turning over the matter over in my mind. Please turn over to page 201 5. pay off 还清债务;没有白费,有好结果 Jack will pay off the debt with his check. 杰克将用这张支票来还清债务。 My friend’s hard work was paid off when he got the promotion 我朋友晋升了,他的辛苦没有白费。 拓展:pay for 为购买…而付钱 6.commit vt. 犯(错误);干(坏事) commit a mistake /crime 犯错/犯罪;commit suicide 自杀 commit time / money to (doing) sth. 在….上花时间或钱 committed adj. 献身的,忠诚的 be committed to 对…忠诚的 ,尽责的 Lesson 4 1. keep up with 跟上 短语归纳:catch up with 赶上 come up with 提出 put up with忍受 2. work out解决,想出,理解 e.g. Have you worked out this problem yet?
你还没有解决这个问题吗? 3. rather than 而不是,有时候相当于instead of It’s blue rather than green . 是蓝色而不是绿色 I think physics, rather than maths , is more difficult. 我认为不是数学,而是物理比较难学。 4. move up 使升级,地位提升 e.g. School boys move up every year. 孩子们每年都升级。 5. in case 以防万一;万一。引导条件状语从句 e.g. Learn with more than one program in case you have to use them at work . 学习几种软件以备工作之需。 拓展: in this case 在这种情况下 ; in case of 万一(后接名词); in any case 无论如何 ; in no case 决不 Communication Workshop apply for a position 申请一个职位 武陟三中导学案 4 单元语法总结:直接引语变间接引语 直接引语变间接引语的方法 直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,可变为由that引导的宾语从句,其中这个引导词在口语里还可以省略; 直接引语里的动词said 变为told , said to sb.变为told to ; 间接引语中,宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序; 如果直接引语是两个并列的陈述句,变为间接引语时,第一个宾语从句里的that 有时可以省略,但第二个宾语从句里的that不可省略。 注:除了say 和tell ,下列动词也可用于间接引语: advise agree explain insist promise warn remind suggest 直接引语时一般疑问句,转化成间接引语时,要用连词whether/ if 引导,后跟陈述句语序; 直接引语是反义疑问句,变为间接引语要用连词whether/ if引导,从句用陈述句语序; 直接引语中主句的动词是said时,变间接引语时said改为asked 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,引导词仍用原来的特殊疑问词,间接引语中从句中的语序是陈述句语序; 直接引语中的said改为asked; 当疑问词作主语时,连接疑问句的语序不变 直接引语为祈使句或表示请求的句子时, 变间接引语时, 主句中的动词一般换用ask (请求), tell ,order (命令),invite ,warn (警告), advise 等; 而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式。 即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb. (not) to do sth. E.g. The teacher said to the boy, “Open the window.” →The teacher told the boy to open the window. “Can you lend me two yuan?”he said to me. →He asked me if I could lend him two yuan. →He asked me to lend him two yuan.