液压挖掘机工作装置设计关键技术研究

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本科毕业设计(论文)通过答辩

I

摘要

液压挖掘机是土方和石方工程的主要施工机械,广泛应用于能源、交通、水利、城镇建设以及现代化军事工程等领域的机械化施工。液压挖掘机利用工作装置进行土方和石方挖掘,工作装置的性能和可靠性是整机先进性的重要标志。

本设计对液压挖掘机的典型工况进行了分析,根据液压挖掘机的工作特点,从几何尺寸、动力特性、结构强度、经济性等方面讨论了液压挖掘机工作装置的设计要求,提出了液压挖掘机工作装置的设计原则。通过分析挖掘机工作装置铰点的失效机理,提出了铰点销轴和轴套最小间隙的计算公式和最大间隙的限制条件。同时以某挖掘机工作装置为例,进行了工作装置的优化设计。对比优化设计和原设计尺寸,比较了主要作业参数,得出经过优化设计的铲斗缸的挖掘力得到了充分发挥。

关键词 液压挖掘机;工作装置;轴套配合;优化设计

本科毕业设计(论文)通过答辩

II

Abstract

Hydraulic excavator is the major construction machine in the earth moving,excavation and

engineering field,and it is widely used in the mechanized construction of energy,transportation,

water conservancy,urban construction and modernized military engineering field.Working

mechanism is the main part forearth excavation,so the performance and reliability of working

mechanism become

This design of working mechanism is the main component of hydraulic excavator and its

performance directly determines the performance of the whole hydraulic excavator,which brings

high demands for working mechanism design.First a comprehensive analysis is performed for

hydraulic working conditions.On the basis of work characters,the design of working mechanism

is studied to meet the requirements for geometry,dynamic characteristics,structure strength,econ-

omic and other aspects of hydraulic excavator.And design principle is discussed.All of the

research work has important guiding significance.Through analyzed the excavator work

installment articulation failure mechanism, proposed the articulation spot sells the axis and the

axle sleeve smallest gap formula and the biggest gap limiting condition. Meanwhile take some

excavator work installment as the example, has carried on the work installment optimization

design. The contrast optimization design and the original design size, compared with the main

job parameter, have obtained after the optimization design scoop cylinder's excavation strength

obtained the full display.

Keywords Hydraulic Excavator Working Mechanism hinge shaft fitting Optimization

design 本科毕业设计(论文)通过答辩

I 目 录

1 绪论 ...................................................................... 1

1.1引言 ................................................................... 1

1.2挖掘机发展简史 ......................................................... 1

1.3挖掘机的用途和分类 ..................................................... 1

1.4挖掘机的发展方向 ....................................................... 3

2铲斗设计说明书 ............................................................ 6

2.1液压挖掘机工矿分析 ..................................................... 6

2.2液压挖掘机工作装置设计要求 ............................................ 10

2.3液压挖掘机工作装置的设计原则 .......................................... 12

3工作装置 ................................................................. 13

3.1反铲装置 .............................................................. 13

3.1.1 动臂及斗杆的结构形式 ............................................... 13

4液压挖掘机工作装置铰点轴和轴套间隙的确定 ................................. 20

4.1铰点销轴和轴套间隙过小导致的故障机理分析 .............................. 20

4.2工作装置铰点销轴和轴套最小配合间隙的计算 .............................. 21

4.3轴和轴套间接触应力和间隙的关系 ........................................ 24

5挖掘机工作装置的性能分析 ................................................. 26

5.1挖掘机的工作装置运动轨迹 .............................................. 26

5.2工作装置力学分析 ...................................................... 30

5.2.1挖掘阻力的计算 ..................................................... 30

5.2.2挖掘力的计算 ....................................................... 31

6工作装置运动学与动力学综合优化设计 ....................................... 39

6.1工作装置优化设计的数学模型 ............................................ 39

6.1.2目标函数 ........................................................... 39

6.1.3约束条件 ........................................................... 40

6.2工作装置优化设计实例 .................................................. 41

7总结与展望 ............................................................... 43

7.1主要工作和成果 ........................................................ 43

7.2本文的创新点 .......................................................... 43

7.3研究展望 .............................................................. 44

结论 ....................................................................... 45

致谢 ....................................................................... 46

参考文献 ................................................................... 47

附录 ....................................................................... 49