西安市城市社区老年抑郁症状发生率现调查和危险因素的病例对照研究

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第四军医大学硕士学位论文 缩略语表

缩略语 英文全称 中文全称 WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 GDS The Geriatric Depression Scale 老年抑郁量表 SSRS Social Support Rating Scale 社会支持评定量表 MOS SF-36 The medical outcomes study 36-Item short form health survey 简明健康测量量表

CES-D Center for Epidemiological study-Depression 流行病中心抑郁量表 HAMD Hamilton Depression Scale 汉密顿抑郁量表 SDS Self-rating Depression Scale 抑郁自评量表 DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 美国精神病协会精神障碍诊断统计手册 ICD-10 International Classification of Diseasesnter 国际疾病与分类,精神与行为障碍分类第10

版 GMS -AGECATGeriatric Mental State Sehedule- 与老年精神状况量表相配套的计算机诊断系统 Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy CCMD-3 The Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders, Version-3 中国精神障碍分类方案与诊断标准第3版

SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 社会科学统计程序包 OR Odd ratio 比数比 P probability 概率

第 1 页 第四军医大学硕士学位论文 西安市城市社区老年抑郁症状发生率 现况调查及危险因素的病例对照研究

硕士研究生:范珊红 导 师:化前珍 教授 第四军医大学护理系,西安 710032

中文摘要 目的:通过对西安城市社区老年人群的流行病学调查,了解老年抑郁症状的发生情况,探讨可能的危险因素,为改善老年人的心理卫生状况,促进老年社区服务的改进与完善提供科学依据。

方法: 1.现况研究:采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,以老年抑郁量表(GDS)及危险因素调查表为工具,对西安市8个社区的60岁以上老年人群进行调查。收集到1950份有效样本,使用SPSS统计软件分析,主要方法包括描述性分析、检验、Logistic回归分析等。 2χ

2.病例对照研究:根据GDS评分标准,将筛查出的中重度抑郁者做为病例组,在同期调查的无抑郁者中随机选取性别相同,年龄相差2岁之内,居住在同一社区者为对照。使用SPSS统计软件分析,采用1:2配比的单因素分析及多因素条件Logistic回归分析等方法。 结果:

第 2 页 第四军医大学硕士学位论文 1.西安市城市社区老年人群老年抑郁症状发生率为24.9%,其中中重度抑郁占4.6%。 2.老年男性抑郁症状发生率为20.8%,女性为28.1%,男女之间发病率差异有统计学意义。 3.现况研究多因素分析显示,女性,独居,吸烟,无兴趣爱好,近两年经历过负性事件、有不愉快经历,自评社会地位差或一般、自评经济条件差或一般、自评社区条件差,幸福度评价低、健康相关生活质量中活力、心理健康、总体健康评分低对老年抑郁症状的发生率有显著影响,是老年抑郁症状发生的危险因素。 4.配比病例对照研究表明,去除了年龄、性别、居住地的影响后,负性生活事件、社会支持、生理功能、经济收入、体育锻炼仍与老年抑郁症状的发生显著相关,是其重要危险因素。 结论:西安城市社区老年人群心理健康状况不容乐观,应引起社会的高度关注。在老年人抑郁障碍的防治方面,应重点关注近期经历负性生活事件、独居、缺少社会支持、生活自理能力受限、低收入无社会保障的老年人群。同时要不断完善社会支持体系、保障特困老年人基本生活,加快医疗保险制度改革、努力发展社区卫生服务,使老年人老有所养、老有所医,尽量减少其后顾之忧,从而降低抑郁症状的发生率。

关键词: 城巿社区;抑郁症状;老年人;危险因素;病例对照研究

第 3 页 第四军医大学硕士学位论文 A case-control study on risk factors and investigation on incidence of geriatric depression in Xi’an urban communities

Candidate for postgraduate:Fan shanhong Supervisor:Hua qianzhen Faculty of Nursing , Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an

Abstract Objectives: To explore geriatric depression in Xi’an urban communities and its possible risk factors on the basis of epidemiological investigation. Methods: 1. Current situation investigation: 1950 urban elderly peoples aged above 60 in Xi’an were selected by cluster sampling method and studied by cross-sectional study with GDS and SF-36. The data was analyzed by SPSS using Mann-Whitney U test, X2 analysis, Spearman

correlate analysis and logistic regression. 2. A case-control study: on the basis of investigation on current situation in elderly depression, the elders with depression syndrome and the non-depression elders in Xi’an urban communities was conducted. The cases and controls were matched for age, sex and inhabitancy. Data were analyzed by statistical technique of Chi-square test and conditional logistic regression. Results: 1. The total incidence rate of the elderly depression was 24.9%,

第 4 页 第四军医大学硕士学位论文 among them are the elders with medium-serious depression syndrome. 2. The incidence rate of male elderly depression was 20.8% and female 28.1%. There is a significant difference between genders. 3. Multivariate analysis confirmed that female, loneliness, smoke, no hobby, negative life events in recent two years, unhappy experience, poor social position, physical functioning, economy earning and physical exercises were significantly related to elderly depression. 4. The matched case investigation showed that negative life events, social support, physiological function, economy earning, physical exercises, after eliminating the effects of age, gender and inhabitancy, had significant relative to elderly depression. Conclusion: The psychological health of the elders in Xi’an urban communities is not optimistic. The social concerns should be highly recognized. The prevention of elderly depression should put emphasis on negative life events, loneliness, social support, physiological function and low income. Develop a social guarantee and perfect health service system for the elderly and make sure each elderly could get good health service. Strive to decrease the incidence of depression of the elderly in the community.

Key words: urban community;depression;elderly;risk factors;case-control study

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