aps运动生物力学(中英文对照)
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运动生物力学是运动学和生物力学整合而成的一门学科，是描写，分析，评估，人体运动时，身体的内在力量与外在力量，以及这些力量造成影响的科学 Sport biomechanics is composed of kinematics and Kinesiology of integration,when Human motion， description, analysis, evaluation, inner power and external power of the body, and reaserch the effect of these forces
运动生物力学的应用与发展 1， 找寻各种运动的最佳技术 2， 探究肌肉骨骼系統的最佳用力方式 : 槓桿原理、力學特性、 協調。 3， 運動器材方面的研究 : 增進成績、預防傷害 4， 生物力學儀器的發展 : Application and development of Sports Biomechanics 1, the best technology to find a variety of movement 2, explore the musculoskeletal system best hard way: the lever principle, mechanical properties, coordination. 3, research on sports equipment aspects: enhance the performance, injury prevention 4, the development of biomechanics instrument
Usually we use Kinematic parameter to study 运动生物力学常用運動學參數( Kinematic parameter) • 時間(Time) • 位移(Displacement) • 速度(Velocity) V=∆x /∆t • 加速度(Acceleration) a=∆V /∆t 討探力與運動之間關係的研究 • 牛頓第二運動定律 F = ma • 衝量動量等式定律 F∆ t = m∆ V Study on the relationship between force and motion of the discussion Newton's second law, F = ma impulse equation F∆ t = m∆ V 等于 Equal to 乘以Multiplied by 除以Divided by
在运动中我们常使用的力学包括，平衡。力矩。杠杆 Usually，when we exercise，we used balance. moment of force. Lever 人體站立時重心在第二薦椎前方一吋處 The body is standing，center of gravity in front of of sacrum second inches 稳定角 • 是重心垂直投影线和重心至支撑面边缘相应点的连线间的夹角。 • 稳定角是影响人体平衡稳定性的力学因素。某方向上的稳定角越大，人体在该方向上的稳定程度越大
Stable angle - is the angle between the center of gravity vertical projection line and the support surface edge - stable angle is the mechanical factors affecting the balance of human body stability. A stability angle is big, in the direction of the more stable degree of human body 影响平衡的因素 ◎重心在支撐基底面內 ◎基底面大小 ◎重量 ◎重心高度 : 重心愈靠近基底，愈穩定。 ◎迴旋 : 向前迴旋運動，增加物體穩定性。 Factors affecting balance The center of gravity in the support within the basal plane The basal surface size The weight The center of gravity height: closer to the basal surface, more stable. The cyclotron: forward cyclotron motion, increase the stability 力矩原理之應用 肌拉力与拉力臂的乘积为肌力矩；阻力与阻力臂的乘积为阻力矩 ①肌力矩等于阻力矩——肌肉做静力工作； ②肌力矩大于阻力矩——肌肉做向心工作； ③肌力矩小于阻力矩——肌肉做离心工作。 Application of the principle of moment muscular tension Multiply tension arm; resistance Multiply resistance moment arm The muscle moment is equal to the resistance moment -- static muscle work; The muscle moment is larger than the resistance moment -- concentric muscle work The muscle moment is smaller than the resistance moment -- muscle centrifugal work ◎推門: ◎擲鐵餅: ◎翹翹板: ◎單槓大迴環 下降時，身體充份伸展，使重心遠離握點，加大力臂 上升時，身體稍微彎曲，使重心接近握點，縮小力臂 向下力矩大於向上力矩，故能旋轉不停 push door: discus throw: The seesaw: Horizontal bar Giant Swing • when decline the body fully extended, so that Center of gravity away from the grip point, increase arm • When rise, the body slightly bent, so that Center of gravity close to the grip points, narrowing the arm • Down Moment greater than the upward Moment, it can rotate continuously 槓桿(Levers)的運作模式 Lever:是一種「簡單的機械」，其設計是為了提供一個力量時，可用來改變力量大小及方向。 • :省力而不利於速度，費力而利於速度 Is a simple machine, the design is to provide a power, can be used to change the size and direction of force. saving but bad for speed, laborious and facilitate speed ◎第一型槓桿(First class lever) ◎第二型槓桿(Second class lever) 第三型槓桿(Third class lever) 持拍、棒、棍擊球的動作；划船、撐竿動作；踢球動作 The racket, stick movements; boating,; kick
当杠杆绕轴转动时，杠杆上各点均作圆弧运动，各点移动的速度同该点到轴心距离成正比，即杠杆各点的转动速度
When rotate around the shaft lever, the lever of each point are made arc motion,the point Farther, the speed faster
1省力：当阻力一定时通过缩短阻力臂来减少阻力矩，可以达到省力的目的 2．增速 在做投掷或击打动作时，为了提高肢体未端的运动速度，应当尽量伸展肢体。通过增大阻力臂来增加肢端速度 3．发展肌力 在发展肌肉力量的练习中，为增大肌肉所承受的负荷，既可用增加阻力(负荷重量)的方法，也可用延长阻力臂的手段。 1，, to reduce the resistance arm, can achieve the purpose of saving labor 2 Growth speed Doing throw or hit the action, in order to increase the speed ，increasing the resistance arm 3 the development of muscle strength In the development of the muscle strength exercise, increased muscle load, can be used to increase the resistance (load weight) method, can also be used to extend the resistance arm
