乙状结肠重复畸形1例

小儿外科考试题小儿外科考试题一、填空题：1、大面积烧伤病儿早期可发生。

2、小儿外科补液疗法应从、、三个方面考虑。

3、原发性肠套叠的主要症状是、、和。

4、先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的临床表现主要是，多于出生后开始。

病程早期由于失去大量胃酸引起，晚期由于脱水严重形成。

5、肾积水最常见的原因为。

6、的梗阻为上尿路梗阻，一般影响侧肾及输尿管；为下尿路梗阻，可影响侧肾及输尿管。

7、小儿急性血源性骨髓炎最常见的致病菌是，多发生于，发病骨组织才出现明显改变。

8、先天性巨结肠可引起、及等并发症。

9、先天性膈疝包括、及。

10、为准确测定直肠闭锁高度，倒立侧位X线摄片应于生后进行11、先天性胆总管囊肿三大基本症状为、及。

二、选择题：1、关于小儿肠套叠，下述哪项是错误的：A、常发生于1岁左右B、常表现为阵发性哭闹C、绝大多数与肠管本身病变有关D、腹部可及腊肠样包块E、多数有果酱样大便2、小儿最常见的实体瘤是A、肾胚瘤B、神经母细胞瘤C、肝母细胞瘤D、横纹肌肉瘤E、内胚窦瘤3、美克尔憩室好发部位是A、空肠B、十二指肠C、结肠D、回肠近端E、回肠远端4、肠重复畸形引起消化道出血的原因是A、炎症B、肠梗阻C、异位肠黏膜D、异位胃黏膜E、合并肠梗阻5、先天性巨结肠的主要病理变化是A、巨大结肠蠕动无力B、巨大结肠肌层纤维化C、外括约肌痉挛D、痉挛肠段肌间神经节细胞缺乏E、直肠及乙状结肠远段痉挛6、浅II度烧伤的局部损伤深度为A、达皮肤角化层,生发层健在B、达真皮浅层,部分生发层健在C、达真皮深层,有皮肤附属器残留D、达皮下脂肪E、达皮肤全层7、新生儿呕吐含有胆汁的胃内容物能除外A、小肠旋转不良B、幽门狭窄C、空肠闭锁D、十二指肠第三段闭锁E、环行胰腺8、肠旋转不良最有价值的诊断手段是A、B超B、腹立位X线片C、钡餐D、钡灌肠E、99MT C扫描9、关于隐睾下列哪项是错误的A、6岁以内手术治疗B、可影响生育功能C、可癌变D、可并发睾丸扭转E、单靠CT或B超不能确诊10、阴囊反复出现肿物，透光（-），应考虑A、交通性鞘膜积液B、阴囊血肿C、睾丸肿瘤D、腹股沟斜疝E、睾丸鞘膜积液11、肠套叠病例中，最常见的病理类型为：A、回结型B、回盲型C、回、回结型D、小肠型E、结肠型12、下列哪项是肛门直肠闭锁最有价值的检查手段A、B超B、倒立侧位X线片C、MRID、穿刺造影E、CT13、目前，腹部肿物一般首选的诊断手段是A、钡餐B、钡灌肠C、静脉肾盂造影D、CTE、B超14、新生儿骶尾部正中线囊性肿物首先应考虑A、囊性畸胎瘤B、脊膜膨出C、软组织感染脓肿形成D、骶尾部淋巴管瘤E、骶尾部脂肪瘤15、女孩，7天，双侧臀纹不对称，外展试验左侧（+），右侧（-），诊断为A、先天性髋脱位B、先天性髋内翻C、脑瘫D、麻痹性髋脱位E、先天性马蹄内翻足16、脊柱结核最严重的并发症为A、脊柱后突畸形B、寒性脓肿C、脊柱侧弯D、进行性疼痛E、截瘫17、某低位肛门闭锁患儿，X线诊为高位闭锁，出现误差的原因可能为A、拍片时间过早B、患儿倒置时间短C、呼气时暴光D、X线投照角度不对E、上述均有可能18、下列哪项不是小儿阑尾的解剖生理特点A、壁薄，易穿孔B、大网膜发育不完善，炎症难以局限C、腹膜表面积小，不易出现严重的中毒症状D、阑尾位置高且游动，压痛点较成人高E、婴幼儿阑尾呈漏斗状，不易梗阻19、男，28天，生后1周余呕吐，进行性加重，呕吐物有奶瓣，应考虑A、肠旋转不良B、十二指肠狭窄C、先天性巨结肠D、胎粪性腹膜炎E、肥厚性幽门狭窄20、某男，3天，生后未排胎便，伴腹胀，呕吐，首先应做的检查是A、腹立位平片B、B超C、钡灌肠D、腹穿E、肛诊21、先天性食管闭锁最常见的是A、I型B、II型C、III型D、IV型E、V型22、婴幼儿巨结肠最突出的体征是A、消瘦B、贫血C、面苍白D、腹胀E、营养不良23、小儿阑尾炎哪型最常见A、单纯性B、化脓性C、坏疽性D、梗阻性E、阑尾脓肿24、下列肿瘤易发生骨转移的是A、神经母细胞瘤B、肾母细胞瘤C、肝母细胞瘤D、横纹肌肉瘤E、内胚窦瘤25、肠套叠空气灌肠可发生的严重并发症是A、休克B、肠穿孔C、肠扭转D、肠坏死E、心跳骤停26、先天性胆总管囊肿的黄疸是A、溶血性B、肝细胞性C、生理性D、梗阻性E、混合性27、关于囊性淋巴管瘤哪项不正确A、可继发囊内出血、感染B、多发生在颈部C、不会自行消退D、透光阳性E、易恶变28、新生儿皮下坏疽最关键的治疗是A、洗澡换药B、强有力的抗生素C、及早切开引流D、营养支持E、减少局部受压29、肠旋转不良病例中，对患儿危害最大的病理情况是A、盲肠位于右下腹B、盲肠位于上腹中部C、整个小肠系膜游离D、十二指肠受系膜压迫E、空肠上段被膜状组织牵缠30、畸胎瘤最常见的部位是A、前纵隔B、腹膜后C、睾丸D、骶尾部E、颈内31、儿童最常见的腹外疝为A、脐疝B、直疝C、腹壁疝D、腹股沟斜疝E、切口疝32、肾母细胞瘤，肿瘤已浸润肾周围脂肪囊，能完整切除，该肿瘤为A、临床一期B、临床二期C、临床三期D、临床四期E、临床五期33、婴幼儿烧伤补液，尿量要求不少于A、10ml/hB、15ml/hC、18ml/hD、20ml/hE、25ml/h34、女，3岁，腹痛2天，呕吐6次，发热1天，T38℃，查体：全腹胀，压痛（+），肌紧张（+），未及包块。

新生儿呕血和便血一概述呕血和便血统称消化道出血，是新生儿消化道出血常见的重要症状，也是新生儿危重病症的合并症。

一般情况下，十二指肠提肌（又称Tre itz韧带）以上的消化道出血称上消化道出血，以呕血为主；而下消化道出血以便血为主。

当下消化道的出血量较多，或肠内压力高于胃内压力时，血性液可反流入胃和食管，亦可引起呕血；反之，上消化道出血量超过3ml时，也可有黑便。

即黑便时可无呕血，而呕血时常有黑便。

二病因1.假性因素（1）咽下母血婴儿分娩时咽下母亲产道的污血或母亲乳头部皲裂出血时，母乳喂养儿可吸入母血，作血红蛋白抗碱变试验（Apt）可鉴别出血来自母血还是新生儿。

（2）口鼻损伤当口、鼻腔损伤后出血，咽入消化道都可以导致新生儿呕血和便血。

（3）药物口服铁剂、铋剂、炭末、酚酞等可出现大便潜血阳性而误认为出血。

（4）污染假月经时可污染粪便易被误认为消化道出血。

2.全身性出血性疾病（1）某些重症疾病如感染、硬肿症、新生儿肺透明膜病等所致的弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）。

（2）新生儿出血症多为维生素K缺乏所致。

（3）其他血小板减少性紫癜或各种先天性凝血因子缺乏症等，相对较少见。

3.消化道疾病常见的有反流性食管炎、应激性溃疡、应激性溃疡、急性胃肠炎、肠梗阻、过敏性肠炎、先天性巨结肠、坏死性小肠结肠炎、乙状结肠、直肠及肛门疾病、血管畸形及其他消化道畸形（如肠道的血管瘤、动静脉瘘、消化道重复畸形等）。

三临床表现1.消化道出血（1）上消化道出血量少时多仅有黑便，当急性上消化道出血达到一定量时可出现呕血。

因上消化道出血时，血中血红蛋白的铁与肠内硫化物结合成为硫化铁，大便呈柏油样黑色，但如出血量大，肠蠕动过快，则出现暗红色甚至鲜红色的血便。

洗胃后胃抽取液带有鲜血时则为胃以上消化道出血，但应排除因胃管对黏膜的操作性损伤。

（2）下消化道出血多为较鲜红或鲜红色的血便；当下消化道出血达一定量，且存在出血部位以下的梗阻时，可反流至上消化道而出现呕血，常带有胆汁。

泌尿外科医学英文名词n泌尿外科医学名词（Medical Word in Urology）中文名英文名泌尿外科学urology孤立肾Solitary kidney重复肾Renal duplication, duplex kidney游走肾Movable kidney肾静脉栓塞Thrombosis of renal vein肾动脉狭窄Stenosis of renal artery单纯肾囊肿Simple cyst of kidney先天性肾囊性疾病Congenital renal cystic disease肾盂旁囊肿Parapelvic cyst肾损伤Injury of kidney肾裂伤Laceration of kidney肾蒂断裂Rupture of renal pedicle肾积水Hydronephrosis肾脓肿Renal abscess临床肾结核Clinical renal tuberculosis腔内泌尿外科学Endourology肾畸形Deformity of kidney马蹄形肾Horseshoe kidney肾下垂Nephroptosis肾外型肾盂Extrarenal pelvis肾旋转异常Renal malrotation肾动静脉瘘Renal arteriovenous fistula肾动脉栓塞Thrombosis of renal artery肾囊肿Cyst of kidney多囊肾Polycystic kidney肾挫伤Contusion of kidney肾破裂Rupture of kidney肾穿透伤Penetrating injury of kidney肾梗塞Renal infarction巨大肾积水Giant hydronephrosis肾积脓pyonephrosis病理性肾结核Pathological renal tuberculosis肾结核对侧肾积水Renal tuberculosis with Controlateral hydronephrosis 海绵肾Medullary sponge kidney肾肿瘤Tumor of kidney肾皮质腺瘤Renal cortical adenoma肾盂乳头状瘤Papilloma of renal pelvis肾实质癌Carcinoma of renal parenchyma肾透明细胞癌Clear cell carcinoma of kidney肾腺癌Adenocarcinoma of kidney肾鳞状细胞癌Squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis肾切开术Nephrotomy肾盂切开术Pyelotomy肾切除术Nephrectomy经皮肾造瘘术Percutanous nephrostomy肾造瘘术Nephrostomy根治性肾切除术Radical nephrectomy肾盂输尿管松解术Pelvioureterolysis腹膜后淋巴结切除术Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy肾动脉栓塞术Embolization of renal artery肾鹿角状结石Staghorn stone of kidney肾萎缩Renal atrophy输尿管扩张Dilatation of ureter巨输尿管Megaloureter输尿管畸形Deformity of ureter重复肾盂Duplication of pelvis输尿管开口异位Ectopia of ureteral orifice腔静脉后输尿管Retrocaval ureter输尿管脱垂Ureterocele正常位输尿管膨出Orthotopic ureterocele肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤Hamartoma of kidney，Angiomyolipoma 肾良性肿瘤Binign renal tumor肾脂肪瘤Lipoma of kidney肾纤维瘤Renal fibroma肾腺瘤Adenoma of kidney肾盂移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis 肾盂肿瘤tumor of renal pelvis肾癌renal carcinoma肾细胞癌renal cell carcinoma肾颗粒细胞癌granular cell carcinoma of kidney肾母细胞瘤wilms tumor，nephroblastoma肾肉瘤sarcoma of kidney肾盂癌carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of renal pelvis肾切开取石术nephrolithotomy肾盂切开取石术pyelolithotomy肾-肾盂造瘘术nephropyelostomy肾部分切除术partial nephrectomy肾盂造瘘术pyelostomy肾自截autonephrectomy包膜下肾切除术subcapsular nephrectomy肾输尿管切除术nephro-ureterectomy肾固定术nephropexy剖腰探查术exploratory lumbotomy重复输尿管duplication of ureter输尿管积水hydroureter输尿管损伤injury of ureter输尿管瘘ureteral fistula输尿管结核tubculosis of ureter输尿管乳头状瘤papilloma of ureter输尿管移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of ureter输尿管切开术ureterotomy输尿管松解术ureterolysis输尿管造瘘术ureterostomy输尿管-肠-皮肤尿流改道术uretero-enterocutaneous diversion 离断性肾盂输尿管成形术dismembered ureteropelvioplasty输尿管肾盂吻合术ureteroneopyelostomy输尿管切除术ureterectomy输尿管输尿管吻合术ureteroureterostomy阑尾输尿管成形术appendix ureteroplasty输尿管移植术transplantation of ureter输尿管梗阻ureteral obstruction肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄stricture of uretero-pelvic junction 输尿管痛ureteral colic膀胱憩室diverticulum of bladder膀胱挫伤contusion of bladder腹膜内膀胱破裂intraperitoneal rupture of bladder膀胱瘘vesical fistula细菌性膀胱炎bacterial cystitis膀胱结核tuberculosis of bladder膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma of bladder膀胱乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of bladder输尿管肾盂交接处梗阻obstruction at ureteropelvic junction 先天性巨输尿管congenital megaloureter反流性巨输尿管reflux megaloureter输尿管肠瘘uretero-enteric fistula输尿管肿瘤tumor of ureter输尿管癌carcinoma of ureter输尿管乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of ureter输尿管皮肤造瘘术cutaneous ureterostomy输尿管切开取石术ureterolithotomy输尿管口切开术ureteral meatotomy输尿管回肠皮肤尿流改道术ureteroileal cutaneous diversion输尿管回肠吻合术ureterosigmoidostomy，ureterosigmoid anastomosis输尿管结肠吻合术uretero-colic anastomosis输尿管膀胱吻合术ureteroneocystostomy输尿管皮肤尿流改道术uretero-cutaneous diversion输尿管结石calculus of ureter输尿管狭窄stricture of ureter输尿管口狭窄stricture of uretero-vesical orifice膀胱输尿管反流vesicoureteral reflux膀胱损伤injury of bladder膀胱破裂rupture of bladder膀胱腹膜外破裂extraperitoneal rupture of bladder膀胱阴道瘘vesicovaginal fistula膀胱肿瘤tumor of bladder膀胱乳头状瘤papilloma of bladder膀胱癌carcinoma of bladder膀胱原位癌bladder carcinoma in situ膀胱移行细胞瘤transitional cell carcinoma of bladder膀胱鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of bladder膀胱腺癌adenocarcinoma of bladder膀胱憩室内结石calculus in diverticulum of bladder经尿道膀胱颈切开术transurethral vesical neck incision耻骨上膀胱造口术suprapubic cystostomy膀胱憩室切除术vesical diverticulectomy膀胱切除术cystectomy膀胱全切除术total cystectomy膀胱尿道吻合术vesicourethral anastomosis膀胱灌注irrigation of bladder经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术transurethral resection of bladder tumor回肠膀胱术ileal conduit, Bricker operation乙状结肠膀胱扩大术sigmoid augumentation cystoplasty回肠膀胱尿流改道术ileal conduit diversion髂腹股沟淋巴结切除术ilioinquinal lymphadenectomy膀胱异物foreign body in bladder膀胱孪缩contracture of bladder尿道口狭窄meatal stenosis尿道下裂hypospadias尿道损伤injury of urethra尿道瘘urethral fistula尿道直肠瘘urethro-rectal fistula尿道阴道瘘urethro-vaginal fistula神经源性膀胱neurogenic bladder尿道机械性梗阻mechanical obstruction of urinary tract尿道综合症urethral syndrome非淋菌性尿道炎non-gonococcal urethritis衣原体性尿道炎chlamydial urethritis尿道尖锐湿疣condylomata acuminata of urethra尿道肉阜urethral caruncle尿道息肉polyp of urethra尿道球腺囊肿cyst of cowper gland尿道癌carcinoma of urethra膀胱肉瘤sarcoma of bladder膀胱结石vesical calculus耻骨上膀胱穿刺吸引术suprapubic needle aspiration of bladder耻骨上膀胱切开取石术suprapubic cystolithotomy膀胱切开取石术cystolithotomy, cystolithectomy膀胱部分切除术partial cystectomy根治性膀胱切除术radical cystectomy可控性回肠膀胱术continent ileal reservoir, kock pouch经皮膀胱造口术percutanous cystostomy尿流改道术diversion of urine, urinary diversion回肠膀胱扩大术Ileum augmentation cystoplasty，ileo-cystoplasty 膀胱前列腺切除术cystoprostatectomy尿道狭窄urethral stricture尿道瓣膜urethral valve尿道憩室urethral diverticulum尿道皮肤瘘urethrocutaneous fistula尿道皮肤瘘urethrocutaneous fistula尿道瘘urinary fistula尿道异物foreign body in urethra尿道结石calculus of urethra压力性尿失禁stress incontinence神经性膀胱nervous bladder尿道探子urethral sounding尿道炎urethritis细菌性尿道炎bacterial urethritis淋菌性尿道炎gonococcal urethritis尿道结核tuberculosis of urethra尿道肿瘤tumor of urethra尿道口切开术urethral meatotomy经尿道尿道瓣膜切除术transurethral resection of urethral valve尿道膀胱固定术urethrovesicopexy经尿道外括约肌切开术transurethral sphincterotomy尿道会师术reconstruction of ruptured urethra by Bank method 尿道狭窄扩张术dilatation of urethral stricture尿道切除术urethrectomy尿道内切开术internal urethrotomy肾上腺切除术adrenalectomy皮质醇增生症hypercortisolism经尿道前列腺切除综合症transurethral prostatic resection syndrome慢性前列腺纤维化chronic fibrosis of prostate前列腺炎prostatitis前列腺肿瘤tumor of prostate前列腺腺癌adenocarcinoma of prostate前列腺癌carcinoma of prostate前列腺切除术prostatectomy耻骨后前列腺切除术retropubic prostatectomy经尿道前列腺切开术transurethral incision of prostate电切镜resectoscope泌尿生殖隔urogenital diaphragm尿路上皮urothelium尿路梗阻urinary tract obstruction泌尿生殖器外伤genitourinary trauma尿道成形术urethroplasty尿道口成形术urethral meatoplasty压力性尿失禁悬吊术sling procedure for stress incontinence尿道口前移头成形术meatal advancement and glandular plasty 尿道前移术urethral advancement嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma原发性醛固酮增生症primary aldosteronism肾上腺非功能性皮脂腺瘤nonfunctional adrenocortical adenoma前列腺增生症hyperplasia of prostate前列腺按摩message of prostate细菌性前列腺炎bacterial prostatitis淋菌性前列腺炎gonococcal prostatitis耻骨上前列腺切除术suprapubic prostatectomy经尿道前列腺切除术transurethral prostatic resection根治性前列腺切除术radical prostatectomy尿路上皮肿瘤urothlial tumor尿路感染urinary tract infection泌尿生殖系统urogenital system精液囊肿seminal cyst, spermatocele精索扭转torsion of spermatic cord精索静脉曲张varicocele精囊炎seminal vesiculitis输精管结核tuberculosis of vas deferens精囊切除术seminal vesiculectomy输精管结扎术vasoligation输精管输精管吻合术vasovasostomy阴囊挫伤contusion of scrotum阴囊肿瘤tumor of scrotum睾丸鞘膜积液hydrocele of testis先天性鞘膜积液congenital hydrocele混合型鞘膜积液combination hydrocele脐尿管urachus脐尿管瘘fistula of urachus脐尿管囊肿urachal cyst脐尿管疾病dieases of urachus脐尿管癌carcinoma of urachus包茎phimosis小 micropenis挫伤contusion of penis输精管切除术vasectomy精液囊肿切除术spermatocelectomy生殖器疱疹genital herpes交通性鞘膜积液communicating hydrocele阴囊血肿hematoma of scrotum脐尿管腺癌adenocarcinoma of urachus折断fracture of penis嵌顿包茎paraphimosis损伤injury of penis血肿hematoma of penis包皮变应性水肿allergic edema of prepuce包皮垢smegma勃起erection of penis纤维性海绵体炎fibrous cavernositis of penis 血管瘤penile angioma癌carcinoma of penis鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of penis 包皮背侧切开术dorsal slit of prepuce切除术penectomy再造术reconstruction of penis睾丸发育不全hypoplasia of testis睾丸下降不全incomplete orchiocatabasis回缩睾丸retracted testis克兰费尔特综合症klinefelter syndrome睾丸萎缩atrophy of testis睾丸挫伤contusion of testis死精症necrospermia睾酮testosterone阳萎impotence睾丸炎orchitis腮腺炎性睾丸炎mumps orchitis睾丸精原细胞瘤seminoma of testis睾丸非生殖细胞瘤non-germinal cell tumor of testis睾丸生殖细胞瘤germinal cell tumor of testis睾丸癌carcinoma of testis睾丸畸胎瘤teratocarcinoma of testis睾丸绒毛膜瘤choriocarcinoma of testis睾丸切除术orchiectomy附睾炎epididymitis附睾肿瘤tumor of epididymis包皮过长redundant prepuce肿瘤tumor of penis癌前期病precancerous lesion of penis鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of penis包皮环切术circumcision截断术amputation of penis人工 penile prosthesis睾丸附件testicular adnexa隐睾症cryptorchidism睾丸损伤injury of testis早泄prospermia，premature ejaculation血管性阳痿vasculogenic impotence附睾睾丸炎epididymo-orchitis睾丸肿瘤tumor of testis非精原细胞瘤non seminoma睾丸畸胎瘤teratoma of testis睾丸胚胎癌embryonal carcinoma of testis附睾结核tubculosis of epididymis附睾腺瘤adenoma of epididymis遗尿症enuresis尿流中断interruption of urinary stream排尿困难difficulty of urination漏尿leakage of urination充溢性尿失禁overflow incontinence尿末滴沥terminal dribbling尿毒症uremia男性泌尿生殖系结核tuberculosis of male genital-urinary system 肾血管性高血压renal vascular hypertension血性精液hemospermia无精子症azoospermia逆行射精retrograde ejaculation不育sterility尿流率测定uroflometry尿道抬举试验marshall-marchetti test经尿道活检transurethral biopsy经会阴活检transperineal biopsy排泄性尿路造excretory urography,intravenous pyelography 肾盂输尿管造影术pyeloureterography肾血管造影术renal angiography经皮肾动脉造影术seldinger technique of renal angiography肾静脉造影术renal venography顺行肾盂造影术antegrade pyelography肾盂镜检查术pyeloscopy输尿管镜检查术ureteroscopy逆行膀胱造影术retrograde cystography排泄性膀胱造影术excretory cystography附睾切除术epididymectomy夜间遗尿症nocturnal enuresis排尿反射micturition reflex排尿犹豫hesitancy in urination尿外渗urinary extravasation假性尿失禁false incontinence女性尿失禁female incontinence剩余尿residual urine结晶尿crystalluria肾小球性血尿glomerular hematuria排尿指数micturition index遗精nocturnal emission精子减少[症] oligospermia手淫masturbation泌尿外科检查urologic examination尿流动力学检查urodynamic study膀胱测压cystometry夜间勃起试验nocturnal penile tumescence test经直肠活检transrectal biopsy尿道造影[术] urography逆行肾盂造影术retrograde urography，retrograde pyelography 肾动脉造影术renal arteriography选择性肾动脉造影术selected renal arteriography经股静脉插管transfemoral catheterization of femoral vein腹主-肾动脉造影术abdominal aorto-renal arteriography经尿道输尿管肾盂镜检查术transurethral ureteropeyloscopy输尿管肾镜ureterorenoscope输尿管肾盂造影术ureteropyelography膀胱造影术cystography膀胱尿道造影术cysto-urethrography膀胱冲洗法bladder washout method膀胱镜cystoscope逆行尿道造影术retrograde urethrography尿道镜urethroscope导尿术urethral catheterization，catheterization输精管造影术vasography海绵体造影术cavernosography肾图renography液电碎石术electrohydraulic lithotripsy经皮肾镜取石术percutaneous nephrolithotomy性行为sexual behavior性功能sexual function男性不育症male infertility精液semen高肾素型高血压high renin hypertension多尿型肾衰竭polyuric renal failure去梗阻后利尿postobstructive diuresis体外动静脉短路external arterio-venous shunt绒毛膜促性腺激素chorionic-gonodotropin hormone动力性尿路梗阻dynamic obstruction of urinary tract腹股沟疝inguinal hernia膀胱镜cystoscopy尿道造影术urethrography排泄性尿道造[术] excretory urethrography尿道膀胱造影[术] urethrocystography尿道镜检查[术] urethroscopy间歇性导尿intermittent catheterization淋巴系造影[术] lymphography输精管精囊造[术] vaso-seminal vesiculography输精管附睾造影[术] vasoepididymography精囊造影[术] seminal vesiculography附睾造影[术] epididymography超声碎石术ultrasonic lithotripsy体外冲击波碎石术extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy 性活动sexual activity精子spermatozoon男性性功能障碍male sexual dysfunction性腺功能减退症hypogonadism少尿型肾衰竭oliguric renal failure渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis组织相容性试验histocompatibility test性染色体sex chromosome射精ejaculation特发性腹膜后纤维化idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis细胞调亡apoptosis腹膜后纤维化retroperitoneal fibrosis憩室diverticulum动静脉瘘arteriovenous fistula剖腹探查术exploratory laparotomy冷冻疗法cryotherapy畸胎瘤teratoma肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄stricture of pyeloureteric junction 孤立性肾囊肿solitary renal cyst闭合伤closed injury肾移植renal transplantation肾上腺移植adrenal transplantation组织相容性histocompatibility超急性排斥反hyperacute rejection慢性排斥反应chronic rejection单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody麻醉anesthsia白细胞介素Interleukin尸体肾移植cadaveric renal transplantation疤痕scar端侧吻合术end-to-side anastomosis息肉polyp腹腔镜检查术laparoscopy错构瘤hamartoma重肾双输尿管duplication of kidney and ureter合并伤associated injury器官移植organ transplantation急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis睾丸移植testis transplantation排斥反应rejection急性排斥反应acute rejection免疫抑制immunosuppression多克隆抗体polyclonal antibody感染infection乳头状瘤papilloma端端吻合术end-to-end anastomosis。

小儿消化道出血54例临床【摘要】目的：分析引起小儿消化道出血的病理原因。

方法：对2009-2~2010-4在我院就诊的54例出现消化道出血症状的儿童进行实验室检查，出血量判断，病因、病情诊断及治疗。

结果: 消化道出血主要发生在1个月~1周岁，1周岁~3周岁，3周岁~7周岁这三个年龄段；0岁~1个月小儿多为少量出血（62.5%），1个月~1周岁小儿中量出血（35.7%），大量出血（21.4%）比例增加；1周岁~3周岁小儿中量出血（37.5%），大量出血（25%）比例在各年龄段中最大；3周岁~7周岁小儿中量出血（30%），大量出血（20%）比例较大；7周岁~12周岁小儿以少量出血为主（66.7%）。

各年龄段小儿以上消化道出血（胃溃疡，十二指肠溃疡，胃十二指肠炎，食道溃疡，贲门撕裂）为主，胃溃疡所占比例最大。

结论: ：各年龄段小儿以上消化道出血为主，其中以胃溃疡为首要病因。

【关键词】小儿消化道出血；出血量判断；病因诊断【中图分类号】r605.9【文献标识码】a【文章编号】1004-5511（2012）06-0215-01消化道出血是常见的消化内科病症，主要临床表现为呕血和黑便，但如果不及时正确的处理，往往会导致出血性休克而危及生命。

由于儿童处于生长发育的特殊时期，对疾病的反应差，而且对身体不适的表述常有困难且不准确，所以经常不能及时发现病症，使得病情延误，错过最好的治疗时期，严重影响儿童的身体健康及今后的生长发育［3］。

以下是对2009-2~2010-4在我院治疗的54例患出现消化道出血症状的儿童进行的临床观察，希望能为今后的小儿消化道出血的诊断及治疗提供临床依据。

1资料与方法1.1一般资料：本观察选择2009-2~2010-4在我院就诊的54例经大便潜血试验诊断为消化道出血的儿童，54例患者资料如下：男性31例，女性23例；年龄分布0岁~1个月：8例，1个月~1周岁：14例，1周岁~3周岁：16例，3周岁~7周岁：10例，7周岁~12周岁：6例。

小儿克罗恩病有哪些症状？*导读：本文向您详细介绍小儿克罗恩病症状，尤其是小儿克罗恩病的早期症状，小儿克罗恩病有什么表现？得了小儿克罗恩病会怎样？以及小儿克罗恩病有哪些并发病症，小儿克罗恩病还会引起哪些疾病等方面内容。

……*小儿克罗恩病常见症状：腹痛、低热*一、症状消化系统表现腹痛：为最常见症状。

常位于右下腹或脐周间歇性发作，常为痉挛性疼痛伴有肠鸣。

餐后加重。

排便后暂时缓解，如持续性腹痛，压痛明显，提示很贵炎症波及腹膜或腹腔住院内脓肿形成，全腹剧痛和腹肌紧张，可能是病变肠段急性穿孔所致。

腹泻：为常见症状，由病变肠段炎症渗出，蠕动增加及继发性吸收不良引起，腹泻开始为间歇性发作，病程后期为持续性。

糊状便，一般无脓血或粘液，病变涉及结肠下段或直肠者可有粘液血便及里急后重。

腹部肿块：由于肠粘连，肠壁与肠系膜增厚、肠系膜淋巴结肿大、内瘘或局部脓肿形成所致。

以右下腹与脐周为多见。

瘘管形成：因透壁性炎性病变穿透肠壁全层至肠外组织或器官而形成瘘管。

内瘘可通向其他肠段、肠系膜、膀胱、输尿管、阴道、腹膜后等处。

瘘管形成是Crohn病大把临床特征之一。

肛门直肠周围病变：部分病人有肛门直肠周围瘘管脓肿形成及肛裂等病变。

全身表现发热：常见间歇性低热或中等度，少数呈弛张高热伴毒血症，发热系由于肠道活动或继发感染引起。

营养障碍：消瘦、贫血、低蛋白血症、维生素缺乏、缺钙致骨质疏松等。

因慢性腹泻、食欲减退及慢性消耗等所致。

急性发作期有水电解质紊乱。

肠外表现部分病人有杵状指、关节炎、虹膜睫状体炎、葡萄膜炎、结节性红斑、坏疽性脓皮病、口腔黏膜溃疡、小胆管周围炎、硬化性胆管炎、慢性帮助肝炎等。

偶见淀粉样变性或血栓栓塞性疾病。

*二、诊断诊断本病要综合考虑患儿的症状，体征，X线造影，内镜及病理检查各方面结果，即使如此，确诊也非易事，患儿起病初期不但临床症状轻微，病变形态学变化也可能不明显，因而一次临床检查无异常发现，并不能完全排除本病，对可疑病例应定期动态观察，定期复查，以及时获得支持证据，由于没有一项检查指标对诊断具有特异性，故诊断确立常需根据临床，X线，内镜及组织学检查，进行综合分析，并除外感染，变态反应，肿瘤等其他肠道疾病。

普通外科[单项选择题]1、颈中线随伸舌上下移动的包块，最可能的诊断是（）.A.甲状腺舌骨囊肿B.皮脂腺囊肿C.舌下腺囊肿D.鳃源性囊肿E.错构瘤参考答案：A[单项选择题]2、不符合先天性胆总管囊肿影像学特征的是（）。

A.腹平片示右中上腹有一囊性占位性病变B.B超显示肝大，胆囊肿大淤胆C.B超显示右上腹囊性肿物，未见正常胆总管D.钡餐见十二指肠前移，前后径受压变窄E.IVU示右中上腹囊性肿物，右肾显影不清参考答案：E[单项选择题]3、10岁儿童，发现颈部肿物1周，查体，与颏下舌骨下方可触及一约枣大小囊性肿物，指压后有较长时间的形状改变，可能的诊断为（）.A.甲状腺舌管囊肿B.肿大的淋巴结C.颏下皮样囊肿D.颌下腺囊肿E.鳃源性囊肿参考答案：C[单项选择题]4、患儿，男性，生后发现脐部中央，脐带部位有一直径6cm的肿物，表面无皮肤，仅有透明的囊膜覆盖，最可能的诊断是（）.A.卵黄管囊肿B.腹裂C.肠系膜囊肿D.脐膨出E.脐疝参考答案：D[单项选择题]5、关于甲状舌管囊肿及窦道，正确的是（）.A.不需要外科手术切除B.在胸锁乳突肌后面开口C.经常穿过舌骨D.在壁内可含胸腺组织E.同癌肿没有任何关系参考答案：C[单项选择题]6、下述哪项不符合婴幼儿腹股沟疝的特点（）.A.婴幼儿腹股沟疝为先天性疝B.一般没有局部肌肉薄弱的改变C.6个月以上的腹股沟疝自愈机会增大D.高位结扎术能达到满意疗效E.嵌顿性腹股沟疝病儿应采取手术治疗参考答案：C[单项选择题]7、生后20天婴儿，吃奶后呕吐5天，进行性加重，呕吐呈喷射样，呕吐物不含胆汁，味酸臭。

查体：于剑突下偏右处可触及橄榄形肿块，该患儿的初步诊断为（）.A.幽门痉挛B.先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄C.胃扭转D.胃食管反流E.贲门痉挛参考答案：B[单项选择题]8、下列哪种形式的胆道扩张被称作Caroli病（）.A.胆总管呈球形扩张B.胆总管憩室C.肝外胆管成梭形扩张D.肝内胆管囊状扩张E.肝内外胆管扩张参考答案：D[单项选择题]9、新生儿巨结肠术前最可靠的诊断方法是（）.A.肛门指诊B.钡灌肠C.肛门直肠测压D.直肠黏膜组织化学染色检查E.直肠壁组织活检（苏木素-伊红染色）参考答案：E[单项选择题]10、12岁女孩，发烧2天后出现腹痛伴呕吐，腹泻。

消化病学常见英文词汇1． digestive endoscope消化内镜2.digest 消化3.Gastric mucosa 胃粘膜4.Helicopbacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌5.gastric pits胃小凹6.gullet食管7.Castroesophageal Reflux Disease(GERD)胃食管反流病8.Barrett’ s esophagus，Barrett食管9.lower esophageal sphincter 食管下括约肌10.reflux esophagitis反流性食管炎11.lower esophageal sphincter LES下食管括约肌12.non-erosive reflux disease（NERD）非糜烂性反流病13.oesophagoscopy食管镜检查14.Hiatal Hernia,食管裂孔疝15.oesophagoscope食管镜,食道镜16.transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxatio n 一过性食管下括约肌松弛17.leiomyoma of esophagus.食管平滑肌瘤18.Esophageal Cancer食管癌19..corrosive burn of esophagus腐蚀性食管灼伤20.achalasia of cardia贲门失驰症21.stomach 胃 .22.gastritis 胃炎23.pangastritis 全胃炎24.acute hemorrhagic gastritis急性出血性胃炎25 Chronic gastritis慢性胃炎26.Chronic atrophic gastritis慢性萎缩性胃炎27.27.autoimmune gastritis自身免疫性胃炎28.Chronic superficial gastritis慢性浅表性胃炎29.29.superficial gastirtis弥漫性胃窦炎30.Functional gastrointestinal disorder 功能性胃肠病30.31.functional dyspepsia功能性消化不良32.multi-focal atrophic gastritis多灶萎缩性胃炎33.dysplasia 异型增生34.parietal cell autoantibody壁细胞自体抗体35.intrinsic factor antibody,IFA内因子抗体36.intestinal metaplasia of gastric epithelium胃粘膜肠上皮化生37.Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD),消化性溃疡病38.ZollingerEllison syndrome胃泌素瘤 .39.kissing ulcer 对吻溃疡40.acute stress ulcer急性应激性溃疡41.Gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma 胃粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤42.Stomach cancer胃癌43.gastric bleeding胃出血44.gastric canal胃管45.gastric juice胃液46.gaseous distention胃胀气47.hematemesis呕血48.gastralgia胃痛49.gastroenteritis胃肠炎50.Gastric Acid胃酸51.achlorhydria胃酸缺乏症52.gastrospasm胃痉挛53 .intestine 肠54.tuberculose intestinale肠结核55.Appendicitis大腸炎56.tuberculated peritonitis结核性腹膜炎57.Intussusception肠套叠58.Volvulus 盲腸炎59. intestinal cancer 肠癌60 ileus.肠闭塞61.Enterovirus 肠病毒62.intestinal hemorrhage 肠出血63. 63． intestinal perforation肠穿孔64.64.intestinal obstruction肠梗阻65.65.intestinal colic肠绞痛66.66.inflammatory bowel disease炎症性肠病67.67.Regional Enteritis (Crohn)克隆氏病68.68.Ulceratie Colitis,溃疡性结肠炎69.69.Dierticular Disease,肠憩室疾病70.70.carcinoid of large intestine大肠类癌71.71.colorectal lymphoma大肠恶性淋巴瘤72.72.Polyposis息肉病73.family polyposis coli家族性结肠息肉病74.irritable bowel syndrome肠易激综合征75.bacterial translocation from intestine肠道细菌移位76.enteral nutrition肠道营养，77.arteriovenous malformation of bowel肠动静脉畸形78.enteric cyst肠囊肿79.radiation injury of intestine肠放射性损伤80.end-to-side intestinal anastomosis肠端侧吻合术81.volvulus肠扭转82.end-to-end intestinal anastomosis肠端端吻合术82.bowel disturbance肠紊乱，83.intestinal lymphangiectasia肠淋巴管扩张84 intestinal bypass肠旁路术85. 肠内引流式胰腺移植enteric drainage pancreas transplantation86 肠袢淤滞综合征stagnant loop syndrome87.肠切除术 intestinal resection88.肠切开术 enterotomy89.肠缺血 ischemia of intestine90.肠缺血综合征 intestinal ischemic syndrome91.肠外瘘 enterocutaneous fistula92.肠外营养 parenteral nutrition93.肠外置术 intestinal exteriorization94.肠吻合术 intestinal anastomosis95.肠系膜动脉闭 mesenteric arterial occlusion96.肠系膜动脉栓塞术 mesenteric artery embolization97.肠系膜动脉血栓形成 mesenteric artery thrombosis98.肠系膜静脉血栓形 mesenteric venous thrombosis99.肠系膜囊肿 mesenteric cyst100.肠系膜疝 mesenteric hernia101.肠系膜上动脉综合征 superior mesenteric artery syndrome102肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome103.肠狭窄 intestinal stenosis104.104肠旋转不良malrotation of intestine105.肠血管病 vascular disease of bowel106.106.肠血管发育异angiodysplasia of bowel107.107.肠血管异常 vascular abnormality of intestine108.108.肠易激综合征irritable bowel syndrome109.109.肠源性感染enterogenic infection110.110.肠造口术 enterostomy111.肠胀气 intestinal tympanites112.112.肠重复畸形duplication of intestine113.肠子宫内膜异位endometriosis in bowel114.乙状结肠膀胱 sigmoid conduit114.乙状结肠膀胱扩大 sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty116.乙状结肠结核 tuberculosis of sigmoid colon117.乙状结肠镜检查［术］sigmoidoscopy118.回肠膀胱扩大术 ileum augmentation cystoplasty119. 回肠膀胱尿流改道术ileal conduit diversion120.回肠膀胱术 ileal conduit Bricker operation121.回肠肛管吻合术ileoanal anastomosis122. 回肠横结肠吻合术ileotransversostomy123.回肠憩室 ileal diverticulum124. 回肠造口术 ileostomy125. 回盲部结核ileocecal tuberculosis126.直肠膀胱一结肠腹壁造口术rectal bladderand abdominal colostomy127. 直肠固定术 proctopexy ， rectopexy128.直肠后脓肿 retrorectal abscess129.直肠后拖也吻合巨结肠根治术 duhamel procedure130. 直肠环钳吻合术ring clamp anastomosis of rectum131.直肠肌鞘拖出吻合巨结肠根治术soave procedure132直肠镜检查［术］proctoscopy133. 直肠瘘 rectal fistula134.直肠膨出 rectocele135. 直肠切除术 proctectomy136.直肠烧灼 rectal burning137. 直肠损伤 rectal injury138.直肠脱垂 rectal prolapse139. 直肠狭窄 stricture of rectum140, 直肠炎 proctitis141. 直肠乙状结肠镜检查［术］proctosigmoidoscopy142.直肠阴道瘘rectovaginal fistula143. 直肠指检 digital rectal examination144.直肠周围脓肿perirectal abscess145. 直视下活检［术］direct vision biopsy145.肛管癌 cancer of anal canal146. 肛裂 anal fissure，147.肛门闭锁会阴瘘 anal atresia with perineal fistula148. 肛门闭锁尿道瘘 anal atresia with urethral fistula149. 肛门闭锁前庭瘘 anal atresia with vestibular fistula150.肛门闭锁阴道瘘 anal atresia with vaginal fistula151. 肛门镜 anoscope152.肛门镜检查［术］anoscopy153. 肛门溃疡 anal ulcer154.肛门瘙痒［症］pruritus ani155. 肛门狭窄 anal stenosis156.肛门直肠瘘anorectal fistula157. 肛门直肠脓肿anorectal abscess158.肛乳头炎 anal papillitis159. 肛周脓肿， perianal abscess160 .肝脏 liver161 肝癌liver cancer162. 阑尾 Appendicitis,163.肝性脑病 Hepatic encephalopathy164.肝昏迷 hepatic coma165.原发性肝癌 primary carcinoma of the liver.166.病毒性肝炎virus hepatitis167.传染性肝炎 infectious hepatitis168.急性病毒性肝炎acute viral hepatitis169.慢性腹泻 chronic diarrhea170.酒精性肝病 alcoholic lier171.自身免疫性肝炎autoimmune hepatitis172. 肝硬化 cirrhosis of lier173.腹膜炎 Peritonitis, 174.干呕 retch175. 肝［性］昏迷前期hepatic precoma176. 肝被膜下出血subcapsular hemorrhage of liver177. 肝病性口臭fetor hepaticus178.肝肠联合移植combined liver and intestine transplantation179. 肝大 hepatomegaly180肝淀粉样变性amyloidosis of liver181. 肝动脉造影［术］hepatic arteriography182.肝梗死 infarction of liver183. 肝结核 tuberculosis of liver184.肝静脉梗阻hepatic venous obstruction185. 肝慢性阻性充血chronic passive congestion of liver186. 肝毛细线虫病capillariasis hepatica187.肝门肠吻合术portoenterostomy 188.肝内胆管结石 calculus of intrahepatic duct189.肝内胆管结石病hepatolithiasis190. 肝内胆汁淤积intrahepatic cholestasis191.肝脓肿 liver absces192. 肝脾大 hepatosplenomegaly193.肝片吸虫病fascioliasis hepatica194. 肝肾联合移植combined liver and kidney transplantation195. 肝肾综合征hepatorenal syndrome196.肝素辅因子heparin co-factor197. 肝细胞移植 hepatocyte transplantation198.肝下垂 hepatoptosis199. 上消化道出血upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage200.壁细胞 parietal cell201.质子泵 proton pump 202, 痔疮 Hemorrhoids203.gall bladder胆囊 .pancreas胰腺 204. 内镜逆行胰胆管造影 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ,ERCP205. 胆石症 /胆囊炎 Cholelithiasis/Cholecystitis206.急性胰腺炎 Acute Pancreatitis,207. 胰腺癌 carcinoma of the Pancreatitis208.胰空肠吻合术 pancreaticojejunostomy209. 胰瘘 pancreatic fistula210.胰肾联合移植 combined pancreas and renal transplantation211.胰十二指肠切除术pancreaticoduodenectomy212. 胰十二指肠移植术pancreas-duodenal transplantation213. 胰石 pancreatolith ， pancreatic calculus214.胰石病 pancreatolithiasis215. 胰腺创伤 pancreatic trauma216.胰腺分裂pancreas divisum217. 胰腺钙化 calcification of pancreas218.胰腺假囊肿pancreatic pseudocyst219. 胰腺囊肿 pancreatic cyst220.胰腺脓肿abscess of pancreas221. 胰腺外瘘 external fistula of pancreas222.胰腺炎 pancreatitis223. 胰腺移植 pancreas transplantation224.胰腺异位heterotopic pancreas225. 胰腺周围脓肿peripancreatic abscess226.胰源性腹水pancreatic ascites227. 移动性盲肠mobile caecum228.移植胰假性囊肿graft pancreatic pseudocyst229. 移植胰胰瘘 graft pancreatic fistula 230.移植胰胰腺炎graft pancreatitis231.胆道闭锁 biliary atresia232.胆道测压［术］ manometry of biliary tract233. 胆道出血 hemobilia234.胆道感染 infection of biliary tract235 胆道梗阻 obstruction of biliary tract236.胆道蛔虫病biliary ascariasis237. 胆道贾第虫病 giardiasis of biliary tract238.胆道减压术 decompression of biliary tract239. 胆道闪烁显像［术］ cholescintigraphy 240.胆道运动障碍biliary dyskinesia241. 胆固醇结石cholesterol calculus242胆管癌 carcinoma of bile duct243. 胆管测压造影［术］ manometric cholangiography 244.胆管肝炎cholangiohepatitis245. 胆管空肠吻合术cholangiojejunostomy246.胆管扩张cholangiectasis247. 胆管内置管扩张［术］biliary stent dilatation248.胆管腺瘤cholangioadenoma249. 胆管炎 cholangitis250.胆管造影［术］cholangiography251. 胆管周围炎pericholangitis252.胆红素脑病bilirubin encephalopathy， kernicterus253. 胆红素尿 bilirubinuria254.胆绞痛 biliary colic255. 胆瘘 biliary fistula256. 胆囊癌 carcinoma of gallbladder257.胆囊肠瘘 cholecystoenteric fistula258. 胆囊超声显像［术］cholecystosonography 259.胆囊穿孔perforation of gallbladder260. 胆囊钙化 calcification of gallbladder261.胆囊积脓empyema of gallbladder262. 胆囊积气 pneu-gallbladder263.胆囊积水hydrops of gallbladder264. 胆囊积血 hemocholecyst265.胆囊镜检查［术］cholecystoscopy266. 胆囊空肠吻合术cholecystojejunostomy 267.胆囊扭转torsion of gallbladder268. 胆囊切除术cholecystectomy269.胆囊切除术后综合征postcholecystectomy syndrome270, 胆囊十二指肠吻合术cholecystoduodenostomy271. 胆囊收缩素cholecystokinin272. 胆囊炎 cholecystitis 273.胆囊造口术cholecystostomy274胆囊造影术cholecystography275.胆囊周围脓肿pericholecystic abscess276. 胆石性肠梗阻gallstone ileus277.胆总管结石 calculus of common bile duct278. 胆小管炎 cholangiolitis279.胆血症 cholemia280. 胆总管梗阻 obstruction of common bile duct281. 胆汁反流性胃炎 bile reflux gastritis282. 胆总管端端吻合术 choledochocholedochostomy283.胆汁浓缩综合征inspissated bile syndrome284. 胆汁性腹膜炎 biliary peritonitis ，choleperitoneum285. 胆汁性肝硬化biliary cirrhosis286. 胆总管十二指肠吻合术choledochoduodenostomy 287.胆汁引流 biliary drainage288. 胆汁淤积cholestasis 289.胆汁粘稠综合征 biliary hyperviscosity syndrome290.［内镜］操纵部 , ［ endoscopic ］ control section291.［内镜］插入管 , ［ endoscopic ］ insertion tube292.［内镜］充气 /水阀 , ［ endoscopic ］air/water valve293.［内镜］导光连接部 , ［ endoscopic ］ light guide connector section294.［内镜］导光束 , ［ endoscopic ］ light guide bundles295.［内镜］导像束 , ［ endoscopic ］ image guide bundles296.［内镜］光导纤维 , ［ endoscopic ］ optical fibers297.［内镜］活检管道开口 , ［ endoscopic ］biopsy channel opening298.［内镜］角度锁钮 , ［ endoscopic ］ locking knob299.［内镜］角度旋钮 , ［ endoscopic ］ angulation knob300.［内镜］冷光源 , ［ endoscopic ］ cold light source301.［内镜］弯曲部 , ［ endoscopic ］ bending section302.［内镜］吸引阀 , ［ endoscopic ］ suction valve---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------消化学名词［内镜］操纵部 ,［ endoscopic ］ control section［内镜］插入管 ,［ endoscopic ］insertion tube［内镜］充气 / 水阀 ,［ endoscopic ］ air/water valve［内镜］导光连接部, ［ endoscopic ］ light guide connector section［内镜］导光束 ,［ endoscopic ］light guide bundles［内镜］导像束 ,［ endoscopic ］image guide bundles［内镜］光导纤维, ［ endoscopic ］ optical fibers［内镜］活检管道开口, ［ endoscopic ］ biopsy channel opening［内镜］角度锁钮, ［ endoscopic ］ locking knob［内镜］角度旋钮, ［ endoscopic ］ angulation knob［内镜］冷光源 ,［ endoscopic ］ cold light source［内镜］弯曲部 ,［ endoscopic ］bending section［内镜］吸引阀 ,［ endoscopic ］ suction valve阿米巴［性］肝脓肿, amebic liver abscessEhlers-Danlos综合征, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome嗳气 , belch凹陷性病变 , excavated lesion, depressed lesionOddi 括约肌成形术 , plastic repair of Oddi sphincterOddi 括约肌切开术 , sphincterotomy of OddiOddi 括约肌狭窄 , stenosis of Oddi sphincterOsler-Weber-Rendu病, Osler-Weber-Rendu diseaseBudd-Chiari综合征, Budd-Chiari syndromeBarrett's 食管 , Barrett's esophagus板状强直 , board-like rigidity半成形便 , semiformed stool半乳糖耐量 , galactose tolerance伴有先天性综合征的毛细管扩张 , telangiectasia associated with congenital syndrome 贝尔西食管裂孔疝修补术 , Belsey hiatal hernia repair背驮式肝移植 , piggyback liver transplantation贲门成形术 , cardioplasty贲门肌切开术 , cardiomyotomy鼻胆管引流［术］, nasobiliary drainageBillroth II Billroth I式吻合［术］式吻合［术］ , Billroth II anastomosis, Billroth I anastomosis闭袢性肠梗阻 , closed loop intestinal obstruction闭塞性肝静脉内膜炎 , endophlebitis hepatica obliterans 壁外性压迫 , extrinsic compression of wall 壁细胞迷走神经切断术 , parietal cell vagotomy便血 , hematochezia变应性直肠炎 , allergic proctitis丙型病毒性肝炎 , viral hepatitis type C 病毒性腹泻 , viral diarrhea 病毒性肝炎 , viral hepatitis病毒性胃肠炎 , viral gastroenteritisPeutz-Jegher's 综合征 , Peutz-Jegher's syndrome, Beordmore anastomosis of esophagus Braun ’s 吻合［术］ , Braun anastomosis 部分肠梗阻 , partial intestinal obstruction 擦拭法细胞学检查［术］ , abrasive cytologic examination残留结石 , residual stone, retained stone残胃 , gastric remnant 藏毛病 , pilonidal disease侧侧吻合［术］ , side-to-side anastomosis 侧视内镜 , side-viewing endoscope 产毒性腹泻 , toxigenic diarrhea 肠闭锁 , intestinal atresia肠壁囊样积气 , pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis肠壁囊样积气［症］ , pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis 肠侧侧吻合［术］ , side-to-side intestinal anastomosis 肠穿孔 , perforation of intestine肠道细菌内毒素移位 , endotoxin translocation from intestine 肠道细菌移位 , bacterial translocation from intestine 肠道营养 , enteral nutrition肠动静脉畸形 , arteriovenous malformation of bowel 肠端侧吻合［术］ , end-to-side intestinal anastomosis 肠端端吻合［术］ , end-to-end intestinal anastomosis 肠放射性损伤 , radiation injury of intestine 肠梗阻 , intestinal obstruction, ileus 肠结核 , tuberculosis of intestine肠淋巴管扩张 , intestinal lymphangiectasia肠内引流式胰腺移植 , enteric drainage pancreas transplantation 肠囊肿 , enteric cyst 肠扭转 , volvulus肠袢淤滞综合征 , stagnant loop syndrome肠旁路术 , intestinal bypass剥脱活检 , strip biopsy 博尔德莫尔食管吻合术肠切除术 , intestinal resection肠切开术 , enterotomy肠缺血 , ischemia of intestine肠缺血综合征 , intestinal ischemic syndrome肠套叠 , intussusception肠外瘘 , enterocutaneous fistula肠外营养 , parenteral nutrition肠外置术 , intestinal exteriorization肠吻合［术］ , intestinal anastomosis肠紊乱 , bowel disturbance肠系膜动脉闭塞, mesenteric arterial occlusion肠系膜动脉栓塞术, mesenteric artery embolization肠系膜动脉血栓形成, mesenteric artery thrombosis肠系膜静脉血栓形成, mesenteric venous thrombosis肠系膜囊肿 , mesenteric cyst肠系膜疝 , mesenteric hernia肠系膜上动脉综合征 , superior mesenteric artery syndrome肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征 , superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome 肠狭窄 , intestinal stenosis肠旋转不良 , malrotation of intestine肠血管病 , vascular disease of bowel肠血管发育异常, angiodysplasia of bowel肠血管异常 , vascular abnormality of intestine肠易激综合征 , irritable bowel syndrome肠源性感染 , enterogenic infection肠造口术 , enterostomy肠胀气 , intestinal tympanites肠重复畸形 , duplication of intestine肠子宫内膜异位, endometriosis in bowel超声腹腔镜 , ultrasonic laparoscope超声内镜 , ultrasonic endoscope成形便 , formed stool冲洗法细胞学检查［术］, lavage cytologic examination虫蚀样边缘 , eroded edge出血性胃炎 , hemorrhagic gastritis出血性胰腺炎 , hemorrhagic pancreatitis穿孔 , perforation穿孔性阑尾炎 , perforating appendicitis穿透 , penetration穿透性溃疡 , penetrating ulcer大便失禁 , fecal incontinence大肠梗阻 , large bowel obstruction, colonic obstruction大网膜及肠系膜囊肿, omental cyst and mesenteric cyst单纯性集群性憩室病, simple massed diverticulosis单极电凝［术］, monopolar electrocoagulation胆［结］石 , gallstone胆道闭锁 , biliary atresia胆道测压［术］, manometry of biliary tract胆道出血 , hemobilia胆道感染 , infection of biliary tract胆道梗阻 , obstruction of biliary tract胆道蛔虫病 , biliary ascariasis胆道贾第虫病 , giardiasis of biliary tract胆道减压术 , decompression of biliary tract胆道闪烁显像［术］, cholescintigraphy胆道运动障碍 , biliary dyskinesia胆固醇结石 , cholesterol calculus胆管癌 , carcinoma of bile duct胆管测压造影［术］, manometric cholangiography 胆管肝炎 , cholangiohepatitis胆管空肠吻合术, cholangiojejunostomy胆管扩张 , cholangiectasis胆管内置管扩张［术］, biliary stent dilatation胆管腺瘤 , cholangioadenoma胆管炎 , cholangitis胆管造影［术］, cholangiography胆管周围炎 , pericholangitis胆红素脑病 , bilirubin encephalopathy, kernicterus胆红素尿 , bilirubinuria胆绞痛 , biliary colic胆瘘 , biliary fistula胆囊癌 , carcinoma of gallbladder胆囊肠瘘 , cholecystoenteric fistula胆囊超声显像［术］, cholecystosonography胆囊穿孔 , perforation of gallbladder胆囊钙化 , calcification of gallbladder胆囊积脓 , empyema of gallbladder胆囊积气 , pneu-gallbladder胆囊积水 , hydrops of gallbladder胆囊积血 , hemocholecyst胆囊镜检查［术］, cholecystoscopy胆囊空肠吻合术, cholecystojejunostomy胆囊扭转 , torsion of gallbladder胆囊切除术 , cholecystectomy胆囊切除术后综合征, postcholecystectomy syndrome 胆囊十二指肠吻合术, cholecystoduodenostomy胆囊收缩素 , cholecystokinin胆囊炎 , cholecystitis胆囊造口术 , cholecystostomy胆囊造影术 , cholecystography胆囊周围脓肿 , pericholecystic abscess胆石性肠梗阻 , gallstone ileus胆石症 , cholelithiasis胆小管炎 , cholangiolitis胆血症 , cholemia胆胰管汇合异常, choledochopancreatic junction anomaly胆汁反流性胃炎, bile reflux gastritis胆汁尿 , choleuria, choluria胆汁浓缩综合征, inspissated bile syndrome胆汁性腹膜炎 , biliary peritonitis, choleperitoneum胆汁性肝硬化 , biliary cirrhosis胆汁胸 , cholothorax胆汁引流 , biliary drainage胆汁淤积 , cholestasis胆汁粘稠综合征, biliary hyperviscosity syndrome胆总管端端吻合术, choledochocholedochostomy胆总管梗阻 , obstruction of common bile duct胆总管结石 , calculus of common bile duct, choledocholith胆总管结石病 , choledocholithiasis胆总管空肠 Roux-en-Y 形吻合术 , choledochojejunostomy Roux-en-Y 胆总管扩张 , choledochectasia胆总管囊肿 , choledochal cyst胆总管囊肿切除术, choledochocystectomy胆总管切开术 , choledochotomy胆总管十二指肠吻合术, choledochoduodenostomy胆总管狭窄 , stricture of common bile duct胆总管炎 , choledochitis胆总管造口术 , choledochostomy弹性假黄色瘤 , pseudoxanthoma elasticum蛋白丢失性肠病, protein-losing enteropathyDevine 结肠造口术 , Devine colostomy电子内镜检查［术］ , electronic endoscopy, videoendoscopy 淀粉酶 -肌酸酐清除率之比 , amylase-creatinine clearance ratio 淀粉酶清除率 , clearance of amylase丁型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type D，delta hepatitis动脉胆道瘘 , arteriobiliary fistula痘疮样胃炎 , gastritis varioliformisDubin-Johnson综合征, Dubin-Johnson syndrome端侧吻合［术］, end-to-side anastomosis端端吻合［术］, end-to-end anastomosis端式结肠造口术, terminal colostomy短肠 , short gut短肠综合征 , short-bowel syndrone多发性静脉扩张, multiple phlebectasia,多极电凝［术］, multipolar electrocoagulation多囊肝 , polycystic liver二期小肠移植 , two-stage intestine transplantation翻出型肛门外吻合巨结肠根治术, Swenson procedure翻转法内镜检查［术］, reverse method of endoscopy反流性食管炎 , reflux esophagitis反跳痛 , rebound tenderness反胃 , regurgitation放大腹腔镜检查［术］, magnifying laparoscopy放大内镜检查［术］, magnifying endoscopy放射性结肠炎 , radiation colitis放射性小肠炎 , radiation enteritis非闭塞性肠梗死, nonocclusive intestinal infarction肥厚性胃炎 , hypertrophic gastritis肥厚性幽门狭窄, hypertrophic pylorostenosis肥皂性结肠炎 , soap colitis粪便嵌塞 , fecal impaction粪瘘 , fecal fistula蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎, phlegmonous appendicitis蜂窝织炎性胃炎, phlegmonous gastritis缝线肉芽肿 , suture granuloma弗纳 -莫里森综合征, Verner-Morrison syndrome辅助性肝移植 , auxiliary liver transplantation腐蚀性食管狭窄, caustic stricture of esophagus腐蚀性胃炎 , corrosivegastritis复发性胆总管结石病, recurrent choledocholithiasis复发性溃疡 , recurrent ulcer复发性阑尾炎 , recurrent appendicitis复合性胃和十二指肠溃疡 , combined gastric and duodenal ulcers 腹部结核 , abdominal tuberculosis腹鸣 , borborygmus腹膜刺激征 , peritoneal irritation sign腹膜炎 , peritonitis腹膜粘连 , peritoneal adhesion腹腔穿刺［术］ , peritoneocentesis, abdominal paracentesis腹腔动脉压迫综合征 , celiac artery compression syndrome 腹腔灌洗 , peritoneal lavage腹腔积血 , hemoperitoneum腹腔镜胆囊切除［术］, laparoscopic cholecystectomy腹腔镜检查［术］, laparoscopy腹腔镜治疗［术］, therapeutic laparoscopy腹腔内引流式胰腺移植, free-drainage intraperitoneal pancreas transplantation 腹腔脓肿 , peritoneal abscess腹水 , ascites腹主动脉瘤 , abdominal aortic aneurysm改良的黑勒贲门肌切开术, modified Heller operation钙乳胆汁 , milk of calcium bile干呕 , retch肝［性］昏迷 , hepatic coma肝［性］昏迷前期, hepatic precoma肝被膜下出血 , subcapsular hemorrhage of liver肝病性口臭 , fetor hepaticus肝肠联合移植 , combined liver and intestine transplantation肝大 , hepatomegaly肝淀粉样变性 , amyloidosis of liver肝动脉造影［术］, hepatic arteriography肝梗死 , infarction of liver肝结核 , tuberculosis of liver肝静脉梗阻 , hepatic venous obstruction肝慢性阻性充血, chronic passive congestion of liver肝毛细线虫病 , capillariasis hepatica肝门肠吻合术 , portoenterostomy, Kasai procedure肝内胆管结石 , calculus of intrahepatic duct肝内胆管结石病, hepatolithiasis肝内胆汁淤积 , intrahepatic cholestasis肝脓肿 , liver abscess肝脾大 , hepatosplenomegaly肝片吸虫病 ,fascioliasis hepatica肝肾联合移植 , combined liver and kidney transplantation肝肾综合征 , hepatorenal syndrome肝素辅因子 , heparin co-factor肝素化 , heparinization肝素化逆转 , heparinization reversal肝细胞移植 , hepatocyte transplantation肝下垂 , hepatoptosis肝纤维化 , hepatic fibrosis肝心联合移植 , combined liver and heart transplantation肝性昏迷 , hepatic coma肝性脑病 , hepatic encephalopathy肝炎后肝硬化 , posthepatitic cirrhosis肝胰联合移植 , combined liver and pancreas transplantation肝移植 , liver transplantation肝硬化 , cirrhosis of liver肝周炎 , perihepatitis感染性腹泻 , infectious diarrhea感染性胃炎 , infectious gastritis肛管癌 , cancer of anal canal肛裂 , anal fissure,肛门闭锁会阴瘘, anal atresia with perineal fistula 肛门闭锁尿道瘘, anal atresia with urethral fistula 肛门闭锁前庭瘘, anal atresia with vestibular fistula 肛门闭锁阴道瘘, anal atresia with vaginal fistula 肛门镜 , anoscope肛门镜检查［术］, anoscopy肛门溃疡 , anal ulcer肛门瘙痒［症］, pruritus ani肛门狭窄 , anal stenosis肛门直肠瘘 , anorectal fistula肛门直肠脓肿 , anorectal abscess肛乳头炎 , anal papillitis肛周脓肿 , perianal abscess高胆红素血［症］, hyperbilirubinemia高淀粉酶血［症］, hyperamylasemia高峰酸排出量 , peak acid outputGrey Turner征, Grey Turner sign膈膨升 , eventration of diaphragm膈疝 , diaphragmatic hernia膈下脓肿 , subphrenic abscess梗阻性阑尾炎 , obstructive appendicitis孤立性非特异性溃疡, isolated nonspecific ulcer 骨盆直肠窝脓肿, pelvirectal abscess管探查［术］ , exploration of common bile duct光动力学治疗［术］, photodynamic therapy光凝固［术］ , photocoagulation果糖不耐受［症］, fructose intolerance黑粪 , melena黑勒贲门肌切开术, heller operation,横结肠造口术 , transverse colostomy呼气试验 breath test糊状便 , mushy stool滑动性食管裂孔疝, sliding hiatus hernia滑管 , sliding tube化脓性腹膜炎 , purulent peritonitis化脓性阑尾炎 , suppurative appendicitis化脓性胰腺炎 , purulent pancreatitis化生性息肉 , metaplastic polyp化学性腹膜炎 , chemical peritonitis坏疽性胆囊炎 , gangrenous cholecystitis坏疽性阑尾炎 , gangrenous appendicitis坏死后肝硬化 , postnecrotic cirrhosis坏死性胰腺炎 , necrotizing pancreatitis环状胰腺 , annular pancreas黄疸 , jaundice, icterus黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis磺溴酞钠试验 , bromsulphalein test回肠膀胱扩大术 , ileum augmentation cystoplasty, ileocystoplasty回肠膀胱尿流改道术 , ileal conduit diversion 回肠膀胱术 , ileal conduit, Bricker operation回肠肛管吻合术, ileoanal anastomosis回肠横结肠吻合术, ileotransversostomy回肠憩室 , ileal diverticulum回肠造口术 , ileostomy回盲部结核 , ileocecal tuberculosisWhipple病, Whipple disease混合性结石 , mixed stone, mixed calculus混合性毛细血管 -海绵状血管瘤 , mixed capillary-cavernous hemangioma 活动性肝炎 , active hepatitis活体部分肝移植, partial living liver transplantation获得性巨结肠 , acquired megacolon机械性肠梗阻 , mechanical intestinal obstruction, mechanical ileus基础酸排出量 , basal acid outputKillian憩室, Killian diverticulum激光治疗［术］, laser therapy急腹症 , acute abdomen急性肠系膜淋巴结炎, acute mesenteric lymphadenitis急性出血性胰腺炎, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis急性腐蚀性食管炎, acute corrosive esophagitis急性肝［功能］衰竭, acute hepatic failure急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎 , acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis急性坏死性胰腺炎 , acute necrotizing pancreatitis 急性间质性胰腺炎 , acute interstitial pancreatitis急性卡他性阑尾炎, acute catarrhal appendicitis急性弥漫性腹膜炎, acute diffuse peritonitis,急性水肿性胰腺炎, acute edematous pancreatitis急性胃扩张 , acute dilatation of stomach急性胃扩张 , acute gastric dilatation急性应激性溃疡, acute stress ulcer急性重型肝炎 , acute severe hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis急诊肝移植 , emergency liver transplantation继发性巨结肠 , secondary megacolon寄生虫性腹泻 , parasitic diarrheaGardner综合征, Gardner syndrome家族性肠息肉病, familial intestinal polyposis家族性结肠息肉病, familial polyposis coli甲胎蛋白测定 , alpha-fetoprotein detemination甲型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type A假膜性结肠炎 , pseudomembranous colitis假膜性小肠结肠炎, pseudomembranous enterocolitis假憩室 , pseudodiverticulum假息肉 , pseudopolyp假性感染性直肠炎, pseudoinfectious proctitis假性结肠梗阻 , false colonic obstruction, Ogilvie syndrome减体积肝移植 , reduced-size liver transplantation碱性反流性胃炎, alkaline reflux gastritis浆液性腹膜炎 , serous peritonitis胶原性结肠炎 , collagenous colitis绞窄性肠梗阻 , strangulated intestinal obstruction节段小肠移植 , segmental small intestine transplantation节段性肠扩张 , segmental dilatation of intestine节段胰腺移植 , segmental pancreas transplantation结肠癌 , cancer of colon结肠癌 Dukes 分类法 , Dukes classification for colon cancer结肠膀胱瘘 , colovesical fistula 结肠穿孔 , colonic perforation结肠次全切除术, subtotal colectomy结肠非特异性溃疡, nonspecific ulcer of colon结肠孤立性溃疡, colonic solitary ulcer结肠黑色素沉着病, melanosis coli结肠后胃空肠吻合术, retrocolic gastrojejunostomy结肠回肠侧吻合术, Martin procedure结肠结核 , tuberculosis of colon结肠镜检查［术］, colonoscopy结肠憩室病 , diverticular disease of colon结肠前胃空肠吻合术, antecolic gastrojejunostomy结肠切除术 , colectomy结肠切开术 , colotomy结肠缺血 , colonic ischemia结肠息肉 , polyp of colon结肠息肉病 , polyposis coli结肠腺瘤 , adenoma of colon结肠造口术 , colostomy结肠直肠切除术, coloproctectomy结核性腹膜炎 , tuberculous peritonitis结石性胰腺炎 , calcareus pancreatitis近侧胃迷走神经切断术, proximal gastric vagotomy经腹骶直肠切除术 , abdominosacral resection, anterior resection 经颈静脉胆管造影［术］ , transjugular cholangiography经口胆管镜检查［术］, peroral cholangioscopy经皮经肝胆管镜检查［术］ , percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy 经皮经肝胆管造影［术］ , percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography 经皮经肝胆囊镜检查［术］ , percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy 经皮经肝栓塞 , percutaneous transhepatic embolization经皮内镜胃造瘘［术］ , percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy经直肠活检 , transrectal biopsy精神性便秘 , psychogenic constipation颈部食管胃吻合术, cervical esophagogastrostomy痉挛性肠梗阻 , spastic intestinal obstruction痉挛性肛部痛 , proctalgia fugax痉挛性结肠憩室病, spastic colon diverticulosis静脉闭塞性病 , veno-occlusive disease静脉胆管造影［术］, intravenous cholangiography静脉胆囊造影［术］, intravenous cholecystography静脉切开术 , venesection, phlebotomy静脉曲张 , varicosis, varix静脉曲张性溃疡, varicose ulcer静脉造影［术］, phlebography酒精性肝炎 , alcoholic hepatitis酒精性肝硬化 , alcoholic cirrhosis酒精性胰腺炎 , alcoholic pancreatitis局限性肠炎 , regional enteritis, Crohn disease局限性腹膜炎 , localized peritonitis巨大肥厚性胃炎, giant hypertrophy gastritis巨大皱襞 , giant folds, giant ruga巨结肠 , megacolon巨十二指肠 , megaduodenum菌群失调性肠炎, flora imbalance enteritisCullen征, Cullen signCanada-Cronkhite综合征, Canada-Cronkhite syndrome可控性回肠膀胱术, continent ileal reservoirCrigler-Najjar 综合征 , Crigler-Najjar syndrome Cruveilhier-Baumgarten综合征 , Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome 克罗恩病 , Crohn ’s disease空肠回肠旁路术, jejunoileal bypass空肠间置代胆道术 , choledochoplasty by jejunal interposition空肠移植 , jejunum transplantation 空肠造口术 , jejunostomy口服胆囊造影［术］, oral cholecystographyCourvoisier 征 , Courvoisier sign溃疡性结肠炎 , ulcerative colitis拉埃内克肝硬化, Laennec ’s cirrhosis阑尾残端 , appendiceal stump阑尾粪石 , appendiceal fecalith阑尾切除术 , appendectomy阑尾炎 , appendicitis阑尾粘液囊肿 , appendiceal mucocele阑尾周围脓肿 , periappendiceal abscess类癌 , carcinoid类癌综合征 , carcinoid syndrome里急后重 , tenesmus隆起性病变 , protrusion lesion鲁氏 Y 形吻合［术］ , Roux-en-Y anastomosisRotor 综合征 , Rotor syndrome麻痹性肠梗阻 , paralytic ileusMallory-Weiss综合征, Mallory-Weiss syndrome慢性非化浓性破坏性胆管炎 , chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis 慢性溃疡性结肠炎 , chronic ulcerative colitis慢性重型肝炎 , chronic severe hepatitis盲肠膀胱扩大术, cecum augmentation cystoplasty盲肠后位阑尾 , retrocecal appendix盲肠炎 , typhlitis, cecitis盲肠造口术 , cecostomy盲袢综合征 , blind loop syndrome毛石 , trichobezoar毛植物石 , trichophytobezoarMeckel 憩室 , Meckel diverticulumMenetrier病, Menetrier disease门静脉高压 , portal hypertension门静脉脓血症 , portal pyemia门静脉血栓形成, thrombosis of portal vein门静脉炎 , pylephlebitis门脉性肝硬化 , portal cirrhosis门体脑病 , portosystemic encephalopathy弥漫性腹膜炎 , diffuse peritonitis弥漫性食管痉挛, diffuse spasm of esophagus迷走神经干切断术, truncal vagotomy迷走神经切断术, vagotomy糜烂性胃炎 , erosive gastritis米库利兹结肠造口术, Mikulicz colostomy面团感 , doughy sensationMurphy 征, Murphy sign内镜 , endoscope内镜超声检查［术］, endoscopic ultrasonography内镜胆管引流［术］, endoscopic biliary drainage内镜复位［术］, endoscopic reduction内镜检查术 , endoscopy。

通用儿外科模拟题2021年(30)(总分97.XX01,考试时间120分钟)A1/A2题型1. 男孩，8岁。

出生体重4kg，无窒息，生后8个月患高热、抽搐，住院半个月治愈。

会走后出现左下肢跛行，伴肌肉萎缩，感觉正常，生理反射减弱，病理反射未引出。

行走时躯干后仰，呈挺胸突腹的典型步态，左髋呈屈曲畸形A. 臀肌松解术B. 闭孔神经前支切断术C. 髂腰肌切断术D. 内收肌切断术E. 骶棘肌代臀肌术2. 营养不良的最初症状是A. 肌张力低下B. 运动机能发育迟缓C. 体重不增或不降D. 智力发育呆滞E. 身高低于正常3. 无其他合并伤的大面积烧伤患者早期发生的休克，多为A. 神经源性休克B. 心源性休克C. 低血容量性休克D. 过敏性休克E. 感染性休克4. 男性，10岁，间隙性反复发作腹痛4～5年，常伴有呕吐，呕吐物或含胆汁或为胃内容物，但可自行缓解，营养情况欠佳，考虑最可能诊断是A. 腹型癫痫B. 肠痉挛C. 肠蛔虫症D. 慢性肠套叠E. 肠旋转不良5. 关于肠套叠的手术治疗下列哪一项是不可取的A. 对不能复位及肠坏死病例，应行坏死肠段切除、肠吻合术B. 常规切除阑尾C. 手法复位在套入部顶端挤压时要轻柔均匀D. 套入部与鞘部有粘连整复困难时，可试用小指分离E. 套叠是由Meckel憩室引起者，病情允许，可将其切除6. 先天性巨结肠术前洗肠准备以多长时间为宜A. 1周B. 2周C. 3周D. 4周E. 5周7. 婴儿最常见的腹部肿瘤是A. 肾癌B. 肾错构瘤C. 肾盂癌D. 肾母细胞瘤E. 肾上腺神经母细胞瘤8. 舌盲孔表示哪种组织的胚胎起源位置A. 腺垂体(垂体前叶)B. 神经垂体(垂体后叶)C. 胸腺D. 甲状腺E. 上甲状旁腺9. 关于肌性斜颈治疗方法的正确叙述为A. 婴儿期胸锁乳突肌肿块切除B. 1～3岁胸锁乳突肌肿块按摩C. 1～3岁胸锁乳突肌胸骨头和锁骨头切断D. 幼儿期胸锁乳突肌胸骨头和锁骨头切断E. 大龄儿童应保守治疗10. 新生儿皮下坏疽的致病菌为A. 金黄色葡萄球菌B. 白色念珠菌C. 湾血性链球菌D. 厌氧菌E. 肺炎双球菌11. 婴幼儿斜颈最主要的体征是A. 头颈偏向一侧，面部一侧大、一侧小B. 颈部淋巴结肿大C. 患侧胸锁乳突肌内可扪及肿块D. 颈部活动受限E. X线片示颈椎畸形12. 常见的先天性脱位是A. 肩关节B. 肘关节C. 髋关节D. 膝关节E. 腕关节13. 女孩，10天，初起喂奶后有少量呕吐，近3～4天呕吐次数增加，且吐出物中带胆汁，腹部不胀，大便较少，为明确诊断，下列哪项检查最有意义A. 钡剂灌肠B. 钡餐检查C. 腹部B超D. 腹部CTE. 腹部直立位平片14. 各种类型休克基本病理变化是：A. 血压下降B. 中心静脉压下降C. 脉压减小D. 尿量减少E. 有效循环血量锐减15. 原发性腹膜炎与继发性腹膜炎的主要区别在于：A. 腹腔有无原发性病灶B. 腹痛性质C. 腹肌紧张程度D. 病原菌的种类E. 有无内脏损伤16. 关节脱位的特征性表现是：A. 肿胀B. 瘀血C. 弹性固定D. 疼痛E. 活动受限17. 出血性休克补液治疗中，反映补充血容量成功的最好临床指标是A. 口渴减轻B. 动脉血氧分压上升C. 脉搏减慢D. 尿量增加E. 神志清楚18. 下列哪一项不符合肠套叠的病理改变A. 肠套叠在纵行切面上一般分为三层，复套可有五层B. 肠套叠多为顺行性套叠，与肠蠕动方向一致，逆行套叠较少见C. 肠壁坏死最易发生在中层及鞘部转折处D. 外层发生坏死最多E. 内层发生坏死较晚19. 男孩，3天，肛门闭锁，正常尿中有粪渣，是哪类畸形A. 先天性低位无肛B. 先天无肛直肠尿道瘘C. 先天性高位无肛D. 先天无肛直肠膀胱瘘E. 先天性中位无肛20. 甲状舌管囊肿窦的窦道方向可延伸到A. 扁桃体窝B. 舟状窝C. 盲孔D. 咽隐窝E. 胸腹膜裂孔21. 女婴，3个月，进行性黄疸加重，陶土色大便，尿色如红茶，腹膨隆，此时最可能发生严重并发症是A. 腹水B. 肝昏迷C. 肝肿大D. 肝硬化E. 脾肿大22. 5岁女孩，经常腹痛，偶有面色变黄1年，查体，右上腹可触及拳头大的肿物，界限清楚，稍活动，确诊的首选检查是A. 钡餐透视B. 血生化检查C. CTD. B超E. 逆行胰胆管造影23. 下列哪一项不是小肠重复畸形的病理特点A. 多数重复畸形与主肠管关系密切B. 重复畸形位于肠系膜同侧C. 与主肠管有共同血供D. 可并发其他系统的先天性畸形E. 重复畸形与主肠管有相同的组织结构24. 小儿腹内脏器疝入脐带基部称为A. 脐尿管未闭B. 卵黄管未闭C. 脐膨出D. 脐炎E. 腹裂畸形25. 在切除阑尾时发现有美克尔憩室，采用以下方案A. 术后定期随防，有症状手术B. 术后做99Tc扫描C. 半年后建议再入院做憩室切除术D. 同时切除美克尔憩室E. 不做任何处理26. 男婴，3天，出生时体重4000kg，阴道分娩，产程延长，经钳夹助产，右上肢不会活动来院，诊断为右上肢产伤麻痹，对该患儿目前最佳的治疗方案是A. 观察随诊B. 立即行臂丛神经探查修补术C. 康复训练D. 立即行臂丛神经探查神经移位术E. 康复训练+给予神经营养药27. 对于婴儿肠套叠，下列哪一项是不正确的A. 2岁以内者肠套叠称婴儿肠套叠B. 呕吐是婴儿肠套叠的早期症状之一C. 便血是肠套叠的常见症状D. 起病急骤E. 肛门指诊检查无必要28. 先天性巨结肠患儿发生小肠结肠炎时表现主要是A. 呕吐、发热、便秘B. 腹胀、便秘、发热C. 腹泻、发热、腹部平坦D. 腹胀、腹泻、发热E. 呕吐、发热、腹泻29. 下列哪项不符合脐膨出A. 先天性腹壁发育不全B. 在脐带周围发生皮肤缺损C. 脐膨出多数无完整的囊膜D. 脐膨出多伴发其他畸形E. 脐膨出囊壁上有脐带残株30. 锁骨产伤骨折的最佳治疗方案是A. 不须特殊治疗B. 切开复位克氏针固定C. 8字绷带固定D. 双上肢固定于胸前E. 石膏固定31. 男性，3岁，面颈部有烧伤，有水泡，部分水泡破损，创面基底红白相间，有疼痛，对病人烧伤面积和深度的估计为以下哪项A. 4％深Ⅱ度B. 4％Ⅱ度C. 9％深Ⅱ度D. 9％Ⅱ度E. 4％Ⅲ度32. 下列描述中，属于测量脉搏和呼吸的共同点的是A. 操作前须向患者解释操作目的，取得其配合B. 操作前告知患者注意事项C. 一般患者测量时间为30秒，特殊病人测量1分钟D. 危重病人需两名护士一起进行E. 根据患者情况可指导患者正确的自测方法33. 溃疡病穿孔，非手术治疗期间，哪项护理措施最重要：A. 半卧位B. 输液C. 胃肠减压D. 应用抗生素E. 做好术前准备34. 确诊胃癌可靠的方法是：A. 消化道钡餐B. 大便隐血阳性C. 胃B超D. 纤维胃镜E. 胃CT检查35. 患儿男性3岁，上腹部汽车撞伤2小时入院，腹腔诊断性穿刺(-)。