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专题八 状语从句、定语从句状语从句一、时间状语从句1．before 引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。
常用如下句型： It is long before...(过了好久才……) It is not long before...(过了不久就……)2．since 后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧since ＋瞬间动词过去式从该动作发生时算起since ＋持续性动词过去式从动作结束时算起It is two years since he joined the army. It is two years since he smoked. 二、地点状语从句多由where 和wherever 引导。
Where there is a will ，there is a way. 二、原因状语从句在表示原因时，because 语气最重，其次是as ，since ，now that ，故在回答why 问句或者在强调句对原因进行强调时，只能用because 。
for 是并列连词，表示推测的理由或者进一步说明，不能放在句首，for 前要用逗号。
—Why were you absent? —Because I was ill. 三、目的状语从句1．so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词多用can/could/may/might/will/would ＋动词。
Please turn off the light so that I can go to sleep. 2．for fear that ，in case ，lest 表示“以防，免得”。
He is working hard for fear that he should fail. 四、条件状语从句1．providing/provided (that)假如，假若Providing (that) no one has further questions ，the meeting will be over. 2．on the understanding that ＝on condition that 在……条件下I give you money on the understanding that you finish your homework.五、结果状语从句注意such 引导的结果状语从句与定语从句的区别。
2019年高考英语基础知识复习-定语从句一、定语从句1. 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关联词。
2. 定语从句在选择关连词that 与which 时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that，什么时候只能用which.(1).只能用that 的情况归纳4 种：即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过;先行词为all 、everything、nothing 等不定代词;先行词同时是人和物并列时;最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰。
请看下列四组例句，注意其先行词：①.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan .②.I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson .③.Later my father and Mr.Crosset talked for about half an four of things and persons that they remembered in school.④.This is the very dictionary that I want to find .(2).只用which is 情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which;二是做介词宾语时只能用which。
请看下列两组例句：I said nothing , which made him more angry .I have the book about which you are talking .三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。
在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：1、通常As 可以放在整句的句首，而which，只能在逗号之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.She is remarkable, as I have told you .2、which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：she has warried again,which surprises us .四、在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清all that 和what,what 实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于all that 两个字，例如：All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.注：先行词是time, minute, moment, next tim 很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。
高中英语-定语从句、状语从句和同位语从句知识点总结复合句【语法要点】复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子。
从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。
根据从句在句子中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。
（一）名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
其关联词有连接词that、if、whether；疑问代词who、what、which和疑问副词when、where、how、why等。
1.名词性从句句法结构：从属连词that whether 主语从句That he will come is certain.（that不可省）Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.（不能用if）宾语从句I think（that）he will be all right in a few days.I went in and asked if（=whether）they had a cheap suit.I wonder whether（不能用if）it is true or not.表语从句The fact is（that）I have never been there.The question is whether（不能用if）it is worth doing.同位语从句The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.连接代词that who whom whose 主语从句Who will help him is not known.What he said is very important.Which side will win is not clear.宾语从句（1）作及物动词的宾语。
（完整版）⾼考英语语法知识点总结专题⼀定语从句⼀、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指⼈或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）who 指⼈在从句中作主语，宾语或表语whom 指⼈在从句中作宾语whose 指⼈或物在从句中作定语as 指⼈或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语but 指⼈或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词2、as 的⽤法（1）常⽤于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意：the same…as 表⽰同⼀类，不同⼀个the same…that 表⽰同⼀个（2）as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作⽤，表达说话⼈的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。
Which相当于并列句，可以⽤and this来代替，意为“这⼀点，这件事’”。
注意：as常⽤于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, ⼀般不能⽤which代替as。
C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，⽽as只可作系动词be的主语。
3、but⽤作关系代词，相当于who/that…not例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng.⼆、只⽤that不⽤which的情况1、.先⾏词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先⾏词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先⾏词是最⾼级或被形容词最⾼级修饰时。
嘉兴英语教学网 www.jxenglish.com 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 1页 共 6页 2012届高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编精品讲义定语从句与状语从句 Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of ______ she spoke fluently. (2011·湖南卷25) A. who B. whom C. which D. that 【解析】选C。前面谈到了3种语言即German，French和Russian，它们为先行词。all of which ＝of which all＝and all of them，作非限定性定语从句。 考点1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较： Ⅰ. 定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 其前无逗号 其前有逗号
翻译 译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行词的定语) 译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句) 功能 修饰名词或代词 可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句 关系词 可用that引导；作宾语的关系代词常可省 不可用that引导；关系词一律不省
意义 起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义不完整) 起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影响)
考点2.介词+关系代词连用时，介词的选用 She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______ had taken more than three years. (2011·江西卷34) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 【解析】选C。博物馆的建设花了3年多时间。我们可以说whose construction，也可以说the construction of which＝of which the construction，介词of 表所属关系。 介词提前时，定语从句的形式为：介词+which/whom, 不能用that或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。 考点3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较 例1：Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (2011·全国大纲卷7) A. this B. that C. what D. which 【解析】选D。which引导非限定性定语从句。代指前句整个内容。 例2： ______ is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【解析】选B。A、D不能引导定语从句，C不能引导非限定性定语从句。As is known to everybody＝As everybody knows “正如大家所知道的”。该句也可换成It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. ＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. as和which的相同点： 嘉兴英语教学网 www.jxenglish.com 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 2页 共 6页 (1)先行词都可指代整个主句； (2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 as和which的不同点： (1)as引导的从句可位于句首，而which则不行； (2)as有“正如……”之意，而which表示“这一点”。 考点4.关系代词与关系副词的选用 I will never forget the day ______I came to my university and the day ______I spent in a new city. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 【解析】 选A。第一个时间名词the day 在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when；第二个时间名词the day 在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句或省略关系代词。 如果先行词是时间、地点或理由，而引导词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，引导词用when, where, why；有时尽管先行词是时间、地点或理由，但是引导词在从句中不作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语，引导词则用that或which。 Men are more suited to occupational environments ______ require decisive action while women are better at jobs ______ a considered approach is most important. (江苏南京金陵中学高三第4次模拟卷) A. which; that B. /; when C. which; when D. that; where 【解析】选D。第一空用关系代词that或which 作主语，不可以省略。第二空用关系副词where，因为句子意思完整，不缺主语或宾语。根据先行词job 和定语从句意思，确定用关系副词where＝at which表地点，作地点状语。 定语从句中如果先行词是地点，而引导词在从句中可作地点状语，引导词用where；如果先行词是时间，而引导词在从句中可作时间状语，引导词用when。 考点5.定语从句与同位语从句与强调句型的区别 Was it in the street ______ our school is located in ______ the car accident happened? A. where; that B. where; which C. that; which D. which; that 【解析】选D。本题考查定语从句和强调句型。第一空考查定语从句， that或which作第二个in的宾语；第二空考查强调句型。 1. 区别定语从句与同位语从句最简单的方法是：在先行词与从句之间加be动词，若句子成立，则是同位语从句；若句子不成立，则可能为定语从句。 The news that he has passed the exam pleased him and his family. 由于“The news is that he has passed the exam.”句子成立，因此“that he has passed the exam”是The news的同位语。 The news that he told me this morning is not interesting. 由于“The news is that he told me this morning”不成立，于是“that he told me this morning”不是The news的同位语，而是限定The news的定语从句。 2. 区别定语从句与强调句最简单的方法是：若将It is / was和that / who去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。 状语从句分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、方式及比较状语从句。 状语从句 考点1.when, while, as引导时间状语的特殊点 You can pay now or ______ you come back to pick up the bike. 嘉兴英语教学网 www.jxenglish.com 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 3页 共 6页 A. when B. then C. while D. since 【解析】选A。come是短暂性动词，而while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，所以排除C, when引导时间状语从句，与now对称。 1. 表示带有规律性的“每当”或从句和主句的动作存在先后关系时，一般用when。 2. 表达“随着”或“一边……一边……”的含义，一般用as。 3. as作“当……时候”解，从句的谓语一般不可是状态动词。 4. while从句的谓语动词不可是短暂性的。 考点2.时间、条件状语从句的时态一致性 例1：The big fire lasted as long as 24 hours ______ it was brought under control. (山西太原五中2010— 2011学年度第二学期月考) A. after B. before C. ahead D. since 【解析】选B。before 引导时间状语从句用于以下句型： ①时间段＋before从句表示“隔了多少时间才…”； ②it will be/ won't be long before从句，表示“很久就……/不久就……”。该句表示：大火一直持续了长达24小时才被控制住。 例2：As is reported, it is 100 years ______ Qinghua University was founded. (2011·四川卷6) A. when B. before C. after D. since 【解析】选D。该句考查句型it is/has been ＋时间段＋since 从句。句意：清华大学已成立了100年了。since从句后的动词一般为非延续性动词，表动作的开始。 1. 句型“It will be+段时间+before从句”，表示“不久……就……”。从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 2. 句型“It is+段时间+since+一般过去时。”主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示动作的终止；若从句谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示动作的开始。 考点3. as引导状语从句的用法 例1：Try ______ she might, Sue couldn't get the door open. (2011·新课标卷22) A. if B. when C. since D. as 【解析】选D。as 引导让步状语从句。Try as she might＝ Though she might try，该句型主要有以下几种形式： ①零冠词名词＋as ＋主语＋be ②形容词(＋名词)＋as ＋主语＋be ③动词原形＋as＋主语＋情态动词 as引导原因状语从句说明原因语气较弱，着重点在主句，常译为“由于，因为”。 例2：______ he was, he often ended up in financial troubles. A. Though well paid B. As well paid C. Well paid as D. Well paid 【解析】选C。 此处as引导让步状语从句， well paid可看作形容词放于句首。 as/though引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然”， 从句中的形容词、副词、名词(其前一般不用冠词)或动词原形放于句首构成倒装(though也可不倒装)。although 引导让步状语从句时不倒装；while 引导让步状语从句时只能位于句首。 考点4.what引导方式状语从句的用法 Reading is to the mind ______ food is to the body. A. what B. that C. which D. of which 【解析】选A。该句意为“阅读之于心灵犹如食物之于身体”。 what引导方式状语从句，一般只用于A is to B what C is to D这一句型中，意思是“A对于B的重要性，就如同C对于D的重要性一样”。
