2020高考英语易错语法点专题九 定语从句(解析版)
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专题九定语从句考点精讲考点一关系词的用法关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分who 指人的词主语、宾语、表语whom 指人的词宾语whose 指人或物的词定语that 指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which 指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语、表语as 指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语、表语when 表示时间的名词时间状语where 表示地点的名词地点状语why 表示原因的名词reason 原因状语有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。
I have many friends to whom I'm going to send postcards.我有很多朋友,我打算寄明信片给他们。
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。
He will tell you everything that he heard about it.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。
This is the factory(which/that)we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。
As we know,smoking is harmful to one's health.众所周知,吸烟有害健康。
There are occasions when(=on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(=in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(=for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?特别提示: whose指人或物,作定语。
语法专项提升专题九Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.In his report, the official showed special concern over the increasing crime rate, which was a symptom of society's moral decline.解析句意:在这位官员的报告中,他特别关注犯罪率的增长,这是社会道德下降的征兆。
这是一个非限制性定语从句,which指代上句的the increasing crime rate。
2.A housing bubble is an economic situation which/that occurs when house prices rise much too fast.解析句意:房地产泡沫是一种经济形势,这种经济形势在房价上升太快的时候就会产生。
引导词代替先行词situation,并在从句中作主语。
3.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.解析句意:我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周,届时天气可能会更好。
先行词为next week,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The weather may be better next week.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作时间状语。
4.I'm told that is a free website where learners can not just learn various languages but also chat online.解析句意:有人告诉我是一个免费网站,在网站里学习者不仅可以学习各种语言,还可以在线聊天。
先行词website可以被看作是一个表示地点的名词,此处用where引导定语从句,引导词在从句中作地点状语。
2020近5年高考全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句(详解与真题)考查形式:语法填空和短文改错;其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难句的分析等1考点聚焦功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后例如:He is the man who studies in USA.本句中涉及到三个概念:1.先行词即 the man:被定语从句饰的词称为先行词先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing 的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用引导词分两类:关系代词和关系副词关系代词:who;which;that;whose;whom关系副词:when;where;why3.从句即studies in USA.:引导词之后的句子。
2考点精讲1. 关系代词: who;which; that; whom; whose其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况(1) who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语)That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语)(2) which:指代先行词是物(做从句的主语或宾语)That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语)There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语)(3) that: 指代先行词是人或物(做从句的主语或宾语)She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语)There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语)(4) whom;指代先行词是人,但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。
专题10 定语从句备战2023高考英语考试易错题(新高考专用)(解析版)一易错题类型【易错题01】语法填空中关系词的误用1.【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___45___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.【答案】that【错误分析】长难句中无法判断定语从句,导致误用别的各类连词;that与which的区别不清。
【解题思路】考查定语从句关系词。
句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。
设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。
故填that。
2.【2022全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.【答案】who【错误分析】不看意思,只凭借空格前有逗号,逗号后用which的错误经验主义。
【解题思路】考查非限制性定语从句。
在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。
此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语。
故填who。
3.【2021新课标II卷】I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.【答案】that/which【错误分析】只看先行词表地点,而没有注重关系词在从句中的句子成分。
一、单项选择(题型注释)1.Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without tireless work, none of this would be possible .A. whoseB. whichC. whomD. that【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:非常感激成千上万的志愿者们,没有他们不知疲倦的工作,这些都是不可能实现的。
整个句中有两个主语,两个谓语,句子必须要有连接词。
whose 谁的,在定语从句中做定语修饰主语或是宾语。
故选A.考点:非限制性定语从句点评:本题有难度,对于定语从句的题,必须先判断句子中是否缺主宾表,如果缺则用which ,that 等关系代词,如不缺则用关系副词作状语,如果修饰主语,则用whose 来修饰。
定语从句学生应在平时掌握三个问题:一是先行词的判定;二是引导词;三是引导词在从句中成分问题。
解题时要注意比较选项的差异,仔细作答。
2.Chang' e-2 did many experiments, _ I think are of much help for knowingspace.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. where 【答案】A【解析】试题分析:考查定语从句。
“嫦娥二号”做了许多试验,我认为这些试验对人们了解太空很有帮助。
I think 是插入语,可忽略,定语从句缺少主语,排除C、D;what 不引导定语从句。
故选A。
考点:考查定语从句3.It was in the remote mountain areas I spent the gap year Ilearned how to work with a group of strangers and how to look after myself.A. where; thatB. when; thatC. where; whenD. that; where 【答案】A【解析】试题分析:考查强调句型和定语从句。
考点09 定语从句(解析版)【命题趋势】考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题:(1)考生不能区分定语从句;(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱,不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况;(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句,而使自己陷入困境之中;(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位,经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。
【重要考向】一、关系代词引导的定语从句;二、关系副词引导的定语从句;三、“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句;四、as引导的定语从句;考向一【2021浙江卷语法填空】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ______gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.【参考答案】that / which 考查定语从句/关系代词。
根据句意和句子结构可知,此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,而先行词tool为物,故此处填关系代词that或which。
引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。
1.who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest lastyear.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。
2.whose既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作定语。
指物时,“whose+名词”可用“the+名词+of which”或“of which+the+名词”来代替。
专题09 定语从句易错题【01】先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词易错题【02】关系代词who、whom、whose的误用易错题【03】关系代词that和which的误用01先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词(2020·新课标I卷,语法填空,1.5分)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___63___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是不清楚什么时候用关系副词引导定语从句。
【问诊】句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。
分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。
【答案】where【叮嘱】先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词point,position,situation, stage, state, case, scene 等后也常用where引导定语从句。
He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步,他早就吓死了。
1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _____ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。
高考英语定语从句易错知识点知识梳理1. 定语从句的概念定语从句(也称形容词性从句),一个句子跟在一个名词或代词(先行词)后进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
2. 定语从句的关系词易错知识点1. 混淆that 和which 的用法that 和which 都是关系代词,在句中可做主语、宾语、表语。
一般来说,当先行词是物的时候,两者都可以用,但并不是都通用。
要注意一些只能用that 或者只能用which的特殊情况。
1.1 易错例题1This is the very book________I've looked everywhere for.A. thatB. asC. whatD. which【陷阱】误选D。
认为A/D都正确。
【分析】最佳答案A。
本句是定语从句,先行词为the very book,切忌看到物就直接选which,要注意这里book前面有the very 修饰,关系词只能用that。
【点拨】只能用that的情况有:☆当先行词为:all,little,few,much,none 及some-,any-,no-,every-与thing 所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。
如:There is nothing that will stop us making progress.没有事情会阻止我们进步。
☆当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very 等形容词修饰时,只能用that。
如:This is the only problem that we can't work out.这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。
☆当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。
如:This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
☆当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。
高中英语定语从句语法易错点整理及解析定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom),所有格whose)和关系副词where when why等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词that,which,who,whom 等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。
例如:① I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.② I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.解析在句①中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the days;而在句②中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或which来代指。
同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which 或that来代替。
例如:① This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语)② This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作宾语)注:当先行词为time,reason,place时,引导词可以省略。
例如:① This was the first(when/what)I had serious trouble with my boss.② That is the reason(why)I did it.③This is the place(where)we met yesterday.另外,定语从句中谓语动词数应与先行词数一致。
专题09定语从句2024年1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Glasshouse stands____63____a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯)the steps along the Silk Route ____64____brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the_____65_____(rich) of gardening in England.63.【答案】as【解析】考查介词。
句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。
”根据句意可知,空处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。
故填as。
64.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。
句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。
”空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词design,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。
故填which/that。
65.【答案】richness【解析】考查名词。
句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。
2020高考英语易错语法点专题九定语从句(解析版)1.(2019·全国卷II,62) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_____she opened with her late husband Les.2.(2019·全国卷III)In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment_______is created for them.3.(2019 江苏卷,21 )We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.4.(2019·天津卷,11)Their child is at the stage______ she can say individual words but not full sentences.5.(2019·新课标III卷)They were well trained by their masters __ ___ had great experience with caring for these animals.6. (2019·北京卷)The students befitting most from college are those ___ ___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.7.【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that8.【2018·天津】Kate, ________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. her9.【2018·江苏】Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when10.【2017·北京】The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. thatB. asC. whereD. when11.【2017·江苏】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. whichB. it’sC. whoseD. whom12.【2017·天津】My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. thatB. whoseC. hisD. who13.【2016·北京】I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.A. whoseB. whyC. whereD. which14.【2016·江苏】Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those15.【2016·浙江】Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ hasbeen proved.A. whomB. whichC. whatD. that16.【2016·天津】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ______ the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【语法精讲】关系代词引导的定语从句◆她和她的家人骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。
◆(2017·北京卷)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感。
◆(2017·天津卷)My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地,他现在在纽约。
◆(全国卷Ⅰ)“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes.正如老话说的那样:“人不可貌相。
”(1)whom, which, that在从句中作宾语时可省略;但介词提前时不能省略,也不能用that;(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时,常用于下列句式:such+名词+as(像……一样的,像……之类的);the same+名词+as(和……同样的)。
◆Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空1.(2018·天津卷)Kate, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.2.(福建卷)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.3.(江苏卷)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.考点二关系副词引导的定语从句完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。
◆(福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
◆Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday?你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗?way后定语从句的引导词(1)当先行词是way时,若定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,即way在从句中作状语时,则从句用in which或that引导,引导词也可省略。
(2)如果way作先行词,定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,则用which或that引导该从句。
若先行词在定语从句中作宾语,which或that也可省略。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空1.(2018·江苏卷)Selfdriving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.2.(陕西卷)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句of which has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,这些理论尚未得到证实。
◆(2016·江苏卷)Many young people, most of whom were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求他们的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
◆(江苏卷)The newlybuilt café,the walls of which(=whose walls) are painted light green, is really apeaceful place for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。
◆(辽宁卷)He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.他可能会赢得这场比赛,如果这样的话他就可能进入国家队。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空1.The house, whose door often stays open until late at night, works as a home for the guards, some of whom are from the countryside.2.—Thank you for your assistance, without which I might have been in danger.—That’s all right, anyone in my place would have done the same thing.解题指导“缺什么,补什么”,准确选用关系词1.如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少主语,限制性定语从句中用who/that;非限制性定语从句中用who。