汽车速度控制系统的设计与仿真
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汽车速度控制系统的设计与仿真 学生姓名: 班级: 指导老师: 摘要:目前许多汽车把汽车速度控制系统作为配属设备或选配设备。汽车装有
汽车速度控制系统后,当驾驶员启动这一装置并进行一些简单的设置后,该装置可自动保持某一恒定速度行驶,而不踩油门。由于电子系统能准确地控制车辆的速度,从而使高速行驶的车辆更加安全、平稳。 在文中,首先对汽车的运动原理进行分析,建立控制系统简化模型,根据研究对象的物理特性建立起汽车速度控制控制系统的微分方程,再将该微分方程进行线性化处理,运用PID控制理论的方法对汽车速度控制控制系统进行分析和控制。然后对汽车速度控制系统进行设计分析,在已有的模型下,对设计的汽车速度控制系统进行Matlab语言仿真。 关键词:速度控制系统 PID控制 仿真
指导老师签名: Design and Simulation of the vehicle speed control system
Student name Class: Supervisor: Abstract: At present, many cars make car speed control system as an attachment
device or optional equipment. The car is fitted with the motor speed control system, when the driver start the device and make some simple settings, the device can automatically maintain a constant speed, and do not step on the accelerator. Because the electronic system can accurately control the speed of the vehicle, so that the high-speed vehicles more secure, stable. In this paper, the first principle of the movement of automobile is analyzed, establishing control system is simplified model, based on physical characteristics of the research object to establish the vehicle speed control differential equation of the control system, then the differential equation is linearized by using the method of control theory, analyze and control the motor speed control system. Then the design of the vehicle speed control system, the existing model, to design vehicle speed control system simulation language Matlab. Keyword:Speed control system PID control simulation
Signature of Supervisor: 目录 1绪论 ................................................................................................. 1 1.1选题的依据及课题意义................................................................................... 1 1.2汽车速度控制研究概况及发展趋势............................................................... 1
2速度控制系统的简述 ..................................................................... 3 2.1汽车速度控制系统原理................................................................................... 3 2.2速度控制系统的分类....................................................................................... 3 2.3速度控制系统的基本用途............................................................................... 4 2.4电子式多功能速度控制系统功能................................................................... 4
3系统模型建立及性能分析 ............................................................. 6 3.1汽车受力分析................................................................................................... 6 3.2行驶汽车仿真模型........................................................................................... 7 3.3 动态性能和稳态性能指标.............................................................................. 8
4 PID控制器 .................................................................................... 10 4.1 PID控制简述 ................................................................................................. 10 4.2 PID控制规律 ................................................................................................. 10 4.3 PID作用分析 ................................................................................................. 14
5 系统仿真及结果分析 .................................................................. 15 5.1 SIMULINK简介 ............................................................................................ 15 5.2实验方案选择................................................................................................. 15 5.2.1采用P控制 ................................................................................................ 15 5.2.2采用PI控制 ............................................................................................... 20 5.2.3采用PID控制 ............................................................................................ 22 5.3实验结果分析................................................................................................. 25
总结 .................................................................................................. 26
参考文献 .......................................................................................... 27 致 谢 .............................................................................................. 28