Contact Inspection Technique

Aabortion ---n.故障｀失灵｀失事abortive----v.失败abruption n 裂断｀中断。

断路absolute adj 绝对的｀纯粹的absolute sensitivity 绝对灵敏度absolute value 绝对值absorb 吸收`减震absorbance 吸收absorb dose 吸收计量absorbent 吸声材料，吸收体。

吸收性的。

Abutment joint 平接缝`对接缝。

对接。

AC yoke demagnetization 交流磁轭去磁，交流磁轭退磁AC yoke magnetization 交流磁轭磁化。

accept n 接受acceptable defect level 缺陷合格等级。

Acceptable emergency dose 容许的事故计量。

acceptable quality level(AQC)指验收等级，象指验收表准。

acceptance 接收，验收。

认可，肯定Acceptance certificate 验收证明书Acceptance criterion 验收准则` 验收Accessory device 辅助装置Accessory equipment 附属设备Accident 偶然事故，偶然损伤。

Accident condition 事故情况Accident error 偶然错误。

Accident prevention 安全措施Accidental exposure 偶然曝光Accidental radiation injury偶然辐射伤害。

Accumulate dose 总剂量，累计剂量。

Accumulator battery 蓄电池Accumulator cell 蓄电池Acetic acid 醋酸，乙酸。

ACDS（acoustic crack detection system）声裂纹检测系统，声裂纹检测装置，声裂纹检测仪。

深圳市国显科技有限公司Shenzhen K&D Technology Co.,LtdSPECIFICATIONFORLCD MODULECustomer:Product Model: KD070D10-50NB-A5Sample code:Approved byDesigned by Checked by Array※The specification of “TBD” should refer to the measured value of sample . If there is difference between the design specification and measured value, we naturally shall negotiate and agree toRevision HistoryVersion Contents Date NoteA Original 2012-5-5B Add the specification of backlight 2012-10-9ContentsNo. Item Page1. Numbering System 4/262 Scope 5/263 Normative Reference 5/264 Definitions5/265 Technology Specifications7/266 Circuit block diagram 14/267 Reliability Test Condition and Methods 16/268 Inspection standard17/269 Handling Precautions23/2610 Precaution for use24/2611 Dimensional Outline25/2612 Packaging Drawing 26/261 Numbering System— (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) （8）2 ScopeThis specification applies to the TFT LCD module which is designed and manufactured by LCM Factory of Shenzhen K&D Technology Co.,Ltd.3 Normative ReferenceGB/T4619-1996 《Liquid Crystal Display Test Method》GB/T2424 《Basic environmental Testing Procedures for Electric and Electronic Products.》GB/T2423 《Basic Testing Procedures for Electric and Electronic Products》IEC61747-1 《SIXTH PARTGB2828`2829-87《National Standard of PRC》4 Definitions4.1 Definitions of VopThe definitions of threshold voltage Vth1, Vth2 the following typical waveforms are applied on liquid crystal by the method of equalized voltage for each duty and bias.【 selected waveform 】【 non-selected waveform 】① Vth1: The voltage which the brightness of segment indicates 50% of saturated value on the conditions of selected waveform(f f=80Hz, Φ=10°θ=270° at 25℃)② Vth2: The voltage which the brightness of segment indicates 50% of saturated value on the conditions of non-selected waveform(f f=80Hz, Φ=10°θ=270° at 25℃)③ Vop: (Vth1(50%)+Vth2(50%))/2 (f f=80Hz, Φ=10°θ=270° at 25℃)4.2 Definition of Response Time Tr, TdTr: The time required which the brightness of segment①becomes 10% from 100% when waveform is switched toselected one from non-selected one. (f f=80Hz, Φ=10°θ=270° at 25℃)②ss of segmentTd: The time required which the brightneselected one from selected one. (f f=80Hz, Φ=10°θ=270° at25℃)4.3 Definition of Contrast Ratio CrCr=A/B① A: Segments brightness in case of non-selected waveform② B: Segments brightness in case of selected waveform4.4 Definition of Angle and Viewing RangeAngular Graph: Constrast RatioSuch as:Viewing Angle Range:80(Cr>2) Horizontal70(Cr>2) Vertical5 Technology Specifications5.1 FeatureThis single-display module is suitable for use in Multidedia Player products. The LCD adopts one backlight with High brightness 18-lamps white LED.1) Construction: 7〞а-Si color TFT-LCD ,White LED backlight and FPC. 2) LCD:2.1 Amorphous-TFT 7-inch display, transmissive, normally white type. 2.2 800(RGB)×480 dots Matrix. 2.3 Narrow-contact ledge technique. 3) RGB interface.4) Video signal interface: Parallel RGB.5.2 Mechanical SpecificationsItem Specifications UnitDimensional outline 164.9(W) ×100.0(H) ×3.4(D) mmActive area 154.08(W) × 85.92(H) mm Pixel size 63.2(W) ×RGB×179(H) um Resolution 800(RGB) ×480 pixelLuminance250（TYP ） cd/m25.3 Absolute Max. RatingItem Symbol ValuesUnit RemarkMin. MaxPower voltageDV DD -0.5 5.0 V AV DD -0.5 15 VV GH -0.3 40 V V GL -20 0.3 V Operation temperature T OP -10 60 ℃ Storage temperatureT ST -20 70 ℃Note: The absolute maximum rating values of this product not allowed to be exceeded at any times. Should be module be used with any of absolute maximum ratings exceeded. The characteristics of the module may not be recovered, or in an extreme case, the module may be permanently destroyed.5.4 Electrical Characteristics Note 1Item SymbolValuesUnit Remark Min. Typ MaxPower voltage DV DD 3.0 3.3 3.6 V Note2 AV DD 10.1 10.3 10.5 VV GH 17.5 18 18.5 VV GL -8.5 -8 -7.5 VInput signal voltage V COM 3.1 3.3 3.4 VInput logic high voltage V IH 0.7DV DD- DV DD VNote 3 Input logic low voltage V IL 0 -0.3DV DD VNote 1:Be sure to apply DV DD and V GL to the LCD first, and then apply V GH . Note 2: DV DD setting should match the signals output voltage(refer to Note 3) of Customer’s system board.Note 3: DCLK,HS.VS,RESET,U/D,L/R,DE,R0-R7,G0-G7, G0-G7,MODE,DITHB.5.5 Optical specificationsItem Symbol ConditionValuesUnit Remark Min. Typ. Max.Viewing angle (CR≥ 10) θLΦ=180°(9o’clock)70 80 -degreeNote 1 θRΦ=0°(3 o’clock)70 80 -θTΦ=90°(12o’clock)60 70 -θBΦ=270°(6o’clock)65 75 -ResponsetimeT ONNormalθ=Φ=0° - 10 20msecNote3T OFF -1530msecNote3Contrast ratio CR 350500--Note4Color chromaticity W X 0.249 0.2990.349- Note 2Note 5Note 6 W Y 0.281 0.3310.381-Luminance L 200250 -cd/m2Note6Luminance uniformity Y U 70 80 - % Note6,7Test Conditions:1. DVDD=3.3V, I LED=120mA, the ambient temperature is 25.℃2. The test systems refer to Note 2.Note 1: Definition of viewing angle rangeNote 2: Definition of optical measurement system.The optical characteristics should be measured in dark room. After 30minutes operation, the optical properties are measured at the center point of the LCD screen. (Viewing angle is measured by ELDIM-EZ contrast/Height :1.2mm ,Response time is measured by Photo detector TOPCON BM-7, other items are measured by BM-5A/ Field of view: 1° /Height: 500mm.)Normal line Φ=270°6 o’clock direction Φ=0°Φ=180°Φ=270° 6 o’clock direction Φ=0°ΦNormal line θ=Φ=0°Note 3: Definition of Response timeThe response time is defined as the LCD optical switching time intervalbetween “White” state and “Black” state. Rise time (T ON ) is the time between photo detector output intensity changed from 90% to 10%. And fall time (T OFF ) is the time between photo detector output intensity changed from 10% to 90%.Note 4: Definition of contrast ratiostate Black"" the on LCD when measured Luminance state White"" the on LCD when measured Luminance (CR) ratio Contrast =Note 5: Definition of color chromaticity (CIE1931)Color coordinates measured at center point of LCD.Note 6: All input terminals LCD panel must be ground while measuring the centerarea of the panel. The LED driving condition is I LED =180mA.Note 7: Definition of Luminance UniformityActive area is divided into 9 measuring areas. Every measuring point is placed at the center of each measuring area.max minB B(Yu)Uniformity Luminance = L-------Active area length W----- Active area widthB max : The measured maximum luminance of all measurement position. B min : The measured minimum luminance of all measurement position.90%10% 0%P h o t o d e t e c t o r o u t p u t (R e l a t i v e v a l u e )ONWhite (TFT OFF)Black (TFT ON)White (TFT OFF)5.6 LED back light specification (18 White Chips)UnitMaxTypItem Symbol Condition Min=120mA9 9.6 9.9 V Forward Voltage Vf lf=120mA80 - - % Uniformity (with L/G) ΔB p lf5.7 Interface Pin ConnectionsPinSymbol I/O Function Remark No.1 VLED+ P Power for LED Backlight(Anode)2 VLED+ P Power for LED Backlight(Anode)3 VLED- P Power for LED Backlight(Cathode)4 VLED- P Power for LED Backlight(Cathode)ground5 GND PPowervoltageCommon6 V COM I7 DV DD P Power for Digital Circuit8 MODE I DE/SYNC mode select Note 1EnableInput9 DE IData10 VS I Vertical Sync Input11 HS IInputSyncHorizontalBluedata(MSB)12 B7 IBluedata13 B6 IdataBlue14 B5 IdataBlue15 B4 IBluedata16 B3 Idata17 B2 IBlue18 B1 I Blue data Note 219 B0 I Blue data(LSB) Note 2Greendata(MSB)20 G7 Idata21 G6 IGreen22 G5 IdataGreendata23 G4 IGreenGreendata24 G3 Idata25 G2 IGreen26 G1 I Green data Note 227 G0 I Green data(LSB) Note 2data(MSB)Red28 R7 Idata29 R6 IRedReddata30 R5 IdataRed31 R4 Idata32 R3 IRedReddata33 R2 I34 R1 I Red data Note 235 R0 I Red data(LSB) Note 2PowerGround36 GND P37 DCLK I Sample clock Note 3PowerGround38 GND P39 L/R I Left / right selection Note 4,540 U/D I Up/down selection Note 4,541 V GH P Gate ON VoltageVoltage42 V GL P GateOFF43 AV DD P Power for Analog Circuit44 RESET I Global reset pin. Note 6connection45 NC -NoCommonVoltage46 V COM I47 DITHB I Dithering function Note 7PowerGround48 GND PconnectionNo49 NC -connectionNo50 NC -I: input, O: output, P: PowerNote 1: DE/SYNC mode select. Normally pull high.When select DE mode, MODE=”1”, VS and HS must pull high.When select SYNC mode,MODE=”0”, DE must be grounded.Note 2: When input 18 bits RGB data, the two low bits of R,G and B data must be grounded.Note 3: Data shall be latched at the falling edge of DCLK.Note 4: Selection of scanning modeSetting of scan control inputScanning directionU/D L/R GND DV DD Up to down, left to right DV DD GND Down to up, right to left GNDGNDUp to down, right to left DV DD DV DDDown to up, left to rightNote 5: Definition of scanning direction.Refer to the figure as below:an RC reset circuit for stability. Normally pull high.Note 7: Dithering function enable control, normally pull high. When DITHB=”1”,Disable internal dithering function, When DITHB=”0”,Enable internal dithering function,6 Signal timing diagram6.2 Signal Timing Diagram6.2.1 Power ON/OFF Sequencea Power onb Power off6.2.2 Data input format6.2.3 Timing DiagramItemSymbol Values Unit RemarkMin Typ Max Horizontal Display Areathd - 800 - DCLK DCLK frequency fck - 30 50 MHz One horizontal line th 889928 1143DCLK HS pulse width thpw 1 48 255 DCLK HS Blanking thb 88 88 88 DCLK HS Front Porch thfp140255DCLK7 Reliability Test Conditions And MethodsNO Item Condition Method1 High / LowTemperatureStorage70℃/-20℃ 120hrsCheck and recordevery 48Hrs2 High / LowTemperature Life60℃/-10℃ 120hrs (operatingmode)Check and recordevery 48Hrs3 HighTemperature、High HumidityOperating60℃,90% RH, 96HrsCheck and recordevery 48hrs4 ThermalShock -20℃(30Min ) 25℃(5Min)70℃(30Min)(conversion time, : 5 sec ) 20cyclesEach 10 cycles end ,check5 StaticElectricity Gap mood: ±1KV~±8KV (10times air discharge withpositive/negative voltagevoltage gap : 1kv)Touch mood: ±1KV~±4KVEach discharge end,Check the ElectricalCharacteristics8 Inspection standardxxIntensity OfAdhesionIf lower than specification, reject Gold Fold Twist Reject07 IC/FPCBondingSiliconAccording to outline, no gold outside,seal can not be higher than LCDFPC Gold SeverReject08 SMTLack ofComponent、Polarity InverseIf exist, rejectLeak Solder、Virtual SolderIf exist, rejectShort Circuit InSolder PointIf exist, rejectTin Ball If exist, rejectTin Acumination If visual, rejectHeightSolder Point If higher 0.5mm than component. rejectHeight ofcomponentEither side higher 0.5mm thancomponent, reject9 Handling Precautions9.1 Mounting methodThe LCD panel of Daxian LCD module consists of two thin glass plates with polarizes which easily be damaged. And since the module in so constructed as to be fixed by utilizing fitting holes in the printed circuit board.Extreme care should be needed when handling the LCD modules.9.2 Caution of LCD handling and cleaningWhen cleaning the display surface, Use soft cloth with solvent[recommended below] and wipe lightlyz Isopropyl alcoholz Ethyl alcoholDo not wipe the display surface with dry or hard materials that will damage the polarizer surface.Do not use the following solvent:z Waterz AromaticsDo not wipe ITO pad area with the dry or hard materials that will damage the ITO patternsDo not use the following solvent on the pad or prevent it from being contaminated:z Soldering fluxz Chlorine (Cl) , Salfur (S)If goods were sent without being sili8con coated on the pad, ITO patterns could be damaged due to the corrosion as time goes on.If ITO corrosion happen by miss-handling or using some materials such as Chlorine (CI), Salfur (S) from customer, Responsibility is on customer.9.3 Caution against static chargeThe LCD module use C-MOS LSI drivers, so we recommended that you: Connect any unused input terminal to Vdd or Vss, do not input any signals before power is turned on, and ground your body, work/assembly areas, assembly equipment to protect against static electricity.9.4 packingz Module employ LCD elements and must be treated as such.z Avoid intense shock and falls from a height.z To prevent modules from degradation, do not operate or store them exposed direct to sunshine or high temperature/humidity9.5 Caution for operationz It is an indispensable condition to drive LCD’s within the specified voltage limit since the higher voltage then the limit cause the shorter LCD life.z An electrochemical reaction due to direct current causes LCD’s undesirable deterioration, so that the use of direct current drive should be avoided.z Response time will be extremely delayed at lower temperature then the operating temperature range and on the other hand at higher temperature LCD’s how dark color in them. However those phenomena do not meanoperation temperature.z If the display area is pushed hard during operation, some font will be abnormally displayed but it resumes normal condition after turning off once.z A slight dew depositing on terminals is a cause for electro-chemical reaction resulting in terminal open circuit.Usage under the maximum operating temperature, 50%Rh or less is required.9.6 storageIn the case of storing for a long period of time for instance, for years for the purpose or replacement use, the following ways are recommended.z Storage in a polyethylene bag with the opening sealed so as not to enter fresh air outside in it . And with no desiccant.z Placing in a dark place where neither exposure to direct sunlight nor light’s keeping the storage temperature range.z Storing with no touch on polarizer surface by the anything else.[It is recommended to store them as they have been contained in the inner container at the time of delivery from us9.7 Safetyz It is recommendable to crash damaged or unnecessary LCD’s into pieces and wash off liquid crystal by either of solvents such as acetone and ethanol, which should be burned up later.z When any liquid leaked out of a damaged glass cell comes in contact with your hands, please wash it off well with soap and water10 Precaution for use10.1A limit sample should be provided by the both parties on an occasion when the both parties agreed its necessity. Judgment by a limit sample shall take effect after the limit sample has been established and confirmed by the both parties.10.2On the following occasions, the handing of problem should be decided through discussion and agreement between responsible of the both parties.z When a question is arisen in this specificationz When a new problem is arisen which is not specified in this specificationsz When an inspection specifications change or operating condition change in customer is reported , and some problem is arisen in this specification due to the change.z When a new problem is arisen at the customer’s operating set for sample evaluation in the customer site.11 D imensional Outline12. Package DrawingTBD。

(a) angstrom unit埃a.c magnetic saturation交流磁饱和a.c magnetic saturation交流磁饱和ablution清洗absorbed dose 吸收剂量absorbed dose rate吸收剂量率absorbed dose rate吸收剂量率acceptanc limits验收范围acceptanc limits 验收范围acceptance level验收水平acceptance level 验收水平验收标准acceptance specification 验收规范acceptance standard 验收标准accessories 附件配件辅助设备辅助器材accumulation test累积检测accumulation test 累积检测accuracy 精确度准确度acetone 丙酮acoustic emission (ae) 声发射acoustic emission count声发射计数acoustic emission count（emission count）声发射计数（发射计数）acoustic emission transducer声发射换能器acoustic holography声全息术acoustic impedance声阻抗acoustic impedance matching声阻抗匹配acoustic impedance matching声阻抗匹配acoustic impedance method声阻法acoustic wave声波acoustical lens 声透镜acoustic-ultrasonic声-超声（au）across交叉横过activation活化activity活度additional stress附加应力address地址adequate shielding安全屏蔽adequate shielding适当防护、适当屏蔽ae ae声发射air header集气管air set空气中凝固air supply 气源aisle 过道走廊alarm condition 报警状态alarm level 报警电平alignment 对准定位调整校直alkaline battery碱性电池allowable variation允许偏差容许变化alternating current 交流电aluminum powder 铝粉amount 数量ampere turns安匝数amplifier panel放大器面板amplitude振幅、幅度analyzer分析器anchor bolt锚定螺栓地脚螺栓angle beam method斜射法、角波束法angle beam probe斜探头、角探头angle fitting弯头angle iron角钢角铁angle of incidence入射角angle of reflection反射角angle of spread扩散角angle of squint偏向角、偏斜角angle probe斜探头、角探头angle square角尺angle steel角钢appearance外观application drawing操作图应用图arc cutting 电弧切割arc gouging电弧刨削arc starting 起弧arc welding电弧焊area amplitude response curve面积幅度曲线area amplitude response curve面积振幅响应曲线area of interest 评定区area of interest 评定区、关注区域argon arc welding氩弧焊arliflcial disconlinuity人工不连续性、人工缺陷arrangement diagram布置图arrival time interval（δtij）到达时间差artifact 人为缺陷artificial defect 人工缺陷a-scan 型扫描a-scope 型显示assembly装配at present 目前attenuation coefficient衰减系数attenuator 衰减器audible leak indicator音响泄漏指示器automatic temperature recorder 温度自动记录器automatic testing 自动检测autoradiography自动射线照相术axiality同轴度轴对称性axonometric drawing 轴测图back-feed反馈background背景background target目标本底backwall echo 底波底面回波baiting valve 放料阀band plate 带板barium concrete 钡混凝土barn 靶base fog片基灰雾base material 基底材料basic sensitivity 基准灵敏度bath槽液、浴池、槽bayard-alpert ionization gage 型电离计beam声束、光束beam angle波束角、束张角beam axis声束轴线beam path声程、声束路径beam path location声程定位、声束路径位置beam ratio光束比beam spread声束扩散bellow type波纹管式bend弯管弯头弯曲bending挠曲弯曲bending deformation挠曲变形弯曲变形betatron电子感应加速器beveled edges坡口beveling 磨斜棱磨斜边成斜角bid 投标出价bimetallic strip gage 双金属片计bipolar field双极磁场bisectrix 等分线black and white transmission densitometer 黑白透射密度计black light 黑光，紫外光black light filter 黑光滤波器、黑光过滤片blackbody 黑体blackbody equivalent temperature 黑体等效温度bleakney mass spectrometer 波利克尼质谱仪bleedout 渗出、漏出blind 挡板窗帘blind plate 隔离盲板盲板blinding plate 盲板block up 封堵垫高blowhole 喷水孔通风孔通气孔(气)孔铸孔砂[气]眼气泡bolt 螺栓螺钉bolton 螺栓紧固bonding wire 接合线焊线boost pressure升压both sides welding双面焊接bottom echo底波底面回波bottom plate 底板bottom surface 底面boundary echo 边界回波、界面回波branch connection 分支接续分支连接brand name 商标名称品牌breaking of contact 断接卡bremsstrahlung 轫致辐射bridge 桥broad-beam 宽射束宽（声、光）束brush application 刷涂b-scan b型扫描b扫描b-scan presentation b型扫描显示b-scope b型显示buckle 满扣扣住buckling deformation翘曲变形buried depth 埋深burn through 烧蚀烧穿bus duct 母线槽butt joint 对接butt jointing对接接头butt weld 对接焊缝butt welding 对接焊cable armor 电缆铠装cable channel 电缆槽电缆管道cable fitting电缆配件cable gland 电缆衬垫cable laying电缆敷设cable routing电缆路由选择cable sheath 电缆包皮层cable testing bridge 电缆测试电桥cable tray电缆盘cable trunk 电缆管道电缆主干线calculation sheet计算书calibrated density reference scale 标准密度校验片calibration instrument 校准仪器calorimeter 热量计capillary action 毛细管作用capping ends 顶盖末端carbon steel 碳钢carbon steel tube 碳钢管carrier fluid载液carry over of penetrate渗透剂转入cascade connection 串联连接cassette 暗盒cathode 阴极cathodic protection system 阴极保护系统caulking metal填隙合金[金属](材料)ccd camera 电荷耦合摄像机cement lined piping 水泥衬里管线center bearing bracket 中心支架center line 中心线center plate 中心板拨盘central conductor 中心导体中线（三相四线制）central conductor method 中心导体法centralized 集中的centripetal canting pull rope向心斜拉索certification of fitness 质量合格证书channel bases沟渠基底channel steel expansion ring 槽钢胀圈characteristic curve特性曲线characteristic curve of film 胶片特性曲线characteristic radiation特征辐射标识辐射charge coupled device 电荷耦合器件（简称ccd）check against检查,核对check valve 止回阀chemical fog 化学灰雾chipping 修琢chronometer精密计时表ci 居里cine-radiography 射线(活动)电影摄影术连续射线照相circuit breaker断路开关circular array 圆形阵列circumferential coils 圆环线圈circumferential field 周向磁场环形磁场circumferential joint 周圈接缝circumferential magnetization method 周向磁化法circumferential weld 环焊缝civil engineer 土木工程师civil works 土建工程建筑工程clamp 夹钳clamping fixture 胎具夹具clean 清理clean-up 清除clearing time 定透时间cluster of flaws 密集区缺陷coaxial cable 同轴电缆cockle stairs 螺旋梯coercive force 矫顽力coherence 相干性coherence length相干长度（谐波列长度）coil method 线圈法coil reference 线圈参考（参照线圈）coil size 线圈尺寸coil spacing 线圈间距coil technique 线圈技术线圈法coil test 线圈试验coincidence discrimination 符合性鉴别一致性鉴别cold lap 冷隔cold-cathode ionization gage 冷阴极电离计collar extension 环口collimation 准直collimator 准直器collision碰撞冲突color identification 彩色识别combined colour contrast and fluorescent pene着色荧光渗透剂commencement 开始company 公司comply with 遵守component part构件(组合)零件部件comprehensive analysis and judgement综合分析判断compressed air drying压缩空气干燥compression joint 压接压力接合compression pump 压缩机压气机[泵] compressional wave 压缩波compton scatter 康普顿散射computed radiography(cr)计算机辅助射线成像技术condensation冷凝conducting wire 导线conductive paste 导电膏conduit box[电]导管分线匣conduit entry 导管引入装置conduit outlet 电线引出口connector 接线器连接器console 控制台construction work施工工程consumable insert （焊接）自耗嵌块consumer 用户contact pads 接触垫contactor 触头接触器触点开关content gauge 液位计continuous emission 连续发射continuous linear array 连续线性阵列continuous method 连续法continuous spectrum 连续谱continuous wave 连续波continuously welded (cw) 连续焊contrast 对比度衬度contrast agent对比剂造影剂contrast aid 反差增强剂contrast sensitivity 对比灵敏度contrast stretch 对比度扩展control 控制控制器control cable控制电缆操纵索control console 控制台control echo 控制回波control unit 控制单元control valve控制阀control valve actuator 阀控传动机构control wiring 控制线路convenience receptacle 电源插座convexity 凸面copper intensifying screens 铜增感屏core rod 芯棒corresponding 相应的cotton fibre 棉质纤维couplant 耦合剂coupling 耦合coupling losses 耦合损失coupling medium 耦合介质cr(computed radiography)计算机辅助射线成像技术cracking 破裂裂纹裂化裂解crate 板条箱柳条箱crater crack （焊接）弧坑裂纹creeping wave 爬波蠕变波critical angle 临界角cross section 横截面cross talk 串音cross-drilled hole 横孔crossed yoke 交叉磁轭crystal 晶片晶体c-scan c型扫描c扫描c-scope c型显示c-shape detector c型探测器（x射线实时成像）cubicle室,箱curie point 居里点curie temperature 居里温度curie(ci) 居里current attenuation 电流衰减current flow method 通电法电流法current induction method电流感应法current magnetization method电流磁化法cushion 垫层衬垫cut-off level 截止电平cutting切割cutting opening 切孔切开cw (continuously welded)连续焊dark room packing 暗室包装（在暗室条件下将x射线胶片装入暗盒）data logger 数据记录器datum mark基准点dead zone 盲区死区decay curve 衰变曲线decibel(db) 分贝defect 缺陷defect detection sensitivity 缺陷探测灵敏度defect evaluation zone 缺陷评定区defect resolution 缺陷分辨力definition 清晰度定义delivery 发货demagnetization 退磁demagnetization factor退磁因子退磁系数demagnetizer 退磁装置退磁器densitometer 黑度计密度计density 黑度（底片）密度density comparison strip 黑度比较片密度比较条density strip 黑度比较片密度比较条depth scan 深度扫描description 说明描述design pressure 设计压力detecting medium检验介质detergent remover洗净液去垢剂developer 显像剂显影剂developer aqueous水性显像剂developer dry 干式显象剂developer liquid film 液膜显象剂developer nonaqueous（suspend）非水（悬浮）显象剂developer station 显像工位显影台developing time 显像时间显影时间development 显影differential discriminator (电子)差动式鉴频器diffraction mottle衍射斑点衍射斑纹diffuse indications 扩散指示diffusion 扩散漫射digital detector数字探测器（x射线实时成像）digital display数字显示数显digital image acquisition system 数字图像采集系统digital radiography（dr）数字射线成像技术digital thermometer 数字温度计（用于测定胶片处理液的温度）digital timer for darkroom暗室用计时器（在暗室中可调及报警）dilatational wave膨胀波疏密波dimensional inspection 尺寸检验dip and drain station 浸渍和流滴工位浸渍与滴落台direct contact magnetization直接接触磁化direct contact method 直接接触法direct exposure imaging 直接曝光成像directional beam定向辐射（指定向辐射的工业x射线机）directivity 指向性disassembly and assembly 拆装discontinuity 不连续性distance marker 距离标志distance-gain-size dgs曲线（距离-增益-尺寸曲线）（dgs德文为avg）distribution board配电盘,配电屏dose 剂量dose equivalent 剂量当量dose meter 剂量计dose rate meter 剂量率计double crystal probe双晶探头double probe technique双探头法double skin 重皮double transceiver technique 双发双收法double traverse technique 双光路技术down lead引下线dr（digital radiography）数字射线成像技术dragout 废酸洗液drain 排水管排水沟排水道排水drain time 滴落时间排液时间draught 气流drift 漂移dry developer干式显像剂dry developing cabinet 干式显像柜dry method 干法dry powder干粉dry technique 干法drying 烘干drying oven 干燥箱干燥炉drying station 干燥工位干燥台drying time 干燥时间d-scan d型扫描d-scope d型显示dual element transducers 双晶探头双晶片换能器dual search unit 双探头双探测装置双探测器dual-focus tube 双焦点(x射线)管due date 到期日预定日期duplex wire type image quality indicator 双线型像质指示器双线像质计duplex-wire image quality indicator 双线像质指示器双线像质计duplicate part 备件duration 持续时间dwell time 停留时间dye penetrant 着色渗透剂dye penetrant examination 着色渗透检验dynamic leak test 动态泄漏检测dynamic leakage measurement 动态泄漏测量dynamic radiography 动态射线照相法dynamic range动态范围earth resistance 接地电阻earth wire接地线地线earthing device 接地装置earthing pole接地极echo回波echo frequency 回波频率echo height回波高度echo indication回波指示echo transmittance of sound pressure声压往复透过率echo width回波宽度echodynamic patterns回波动态波型eddy current 涡流涡电流eddy current coil 涡流检测线圈eddy current flaw detector涡流探伤仪eddy current probe 涡流检测探头eddy current testing 涡流检测edge 边缘棱边edge echo棱边回波edge effect 边缘效应effective depth penetration （edp）有效穿透深度有效透入深度effective focus size 有效焦点尺寸effective magnetic permeability 有效磁导率effective permeability 有效磁导率有效渗透率相对渗透率effective reflection surface of flaw 缺陷有效反射面effective resistance有效电阻elastic medium弹性介质elbow弯管接头管肘electric displacement 电位移electric force compounded grease 电力复合脂electric heat tracing 电伴随加热electric machine 电机electric pressure 电压electrical appliance 电器electrical center 电中心electrical material电气材料electrical panel配电板,配电盘electrified带电electrode电极电焊条electrolytic sliver recovery unit 电解银回收装置（从定影液中回收银）electromagnet电磁铁electro-magnetic acoustic transducer电磁声换能器electromagnetic induction电磁感应electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射electromagnetic testing 电磁检测electro-mechanical coupling factor 机电耦合系数electron linear accelerator 电子直线加速器electron radiography 电子辐射照相术electron volt 电子伏恃electronic linear scans (e-scans) 电子线性扫描electronic noise 电子噪声electronic scanning (e-scans) 电子扫描（e-扫描）electrostatic spraying 静电喷涂e-mail电子邮件:?电子邮箱:embedded part 预埋件嵌入[埋置]部分emission count （声）发射计数emulsification 乳化emulsification time乳化时间emulsifier 乳化剂encircling coils 环形线圈end effect 端部效应端点效应end socket端头,(钢索的)封头energizing cycle 激励周期enfoldment 折迭envelope 包络包迹environment visible light 环境可见光equalizing filter 均衡滤波器平衡滤波器equipment 器材设备equivalent 当量equivalent i.q.i. sensitivity 当量象质指示器灵敏度equivalent method 当量法equivalent nitrogen pressure 等效氮压当量氮气压力equivalent penetrameter sensifivty 当量透度计灵敏度erasabl optical medium 可消光介质erection 架设etching 浸蚀腐蚀侵蚀蚀刻evaluation评定evaluation threshold 评价阈值评定阈event count事件计数event count rate 事件计数率examination 试验检验考试examination area 检验范围examination region 检验区域examine and approve审批exfoliation 剥落脱落exhaust pressure/discharge pressure 排气压力/排放压力出口压力输送压力exhaust tubulation 排气管道expanded time-base sweep 时基线展宽时基扫描扩展expansion bolt伸缩栓,扩开螺栓expansion joint 膨胀节exposure 曝光exposure and darkroom accessories曝光与暗室附件exposure chart 曝光曲线exposure fog 曝光灰雾exposure table 曝光表extended source 扩展源延长源external diameter 外径external diameter of the pipe 管子直径extra fee 额外费用?eye survey 目测fabrication 加工制造fabrication drawing制造图纸制作图fabrication tolerance制造容差facility scattered neutrons易散射中子fall off 脱落false indication 假指示虚假指示伪显示虚假显示family 族系列far field远场fast neutron detectors 快中子探测器fast/slow timing oscilloscope 带快慢调速的示波器fax传真:?fbh 平底孔(缩写)feeder 馈电线feed-through coil 穿过式线圈ferritic 铁素体的field 场（磁场、声场）field fabricated 工地制造的现场装配的field installation 现场安装field instrument 携带式仪表filament 灯丝fill factor 填充系数filler metal 焊料焊丝filler rod 焊条fillet weld 角焊填角焊filling water test 充水试验film badge 胶片剂量计film base 片基film cassette 胶片暗盒film contrast 胶片对比度film density 胶片密度，底片黑度film evaluation scope 底片评定范围film gamma 胶片γ值（胶片灰度系数）film hangers （channel type）槽式洗片架（手工洗片的一种洗片架类型）film hangers （clip type）夹式洗片架（手工洗片的一种洗片架类型）film hangers for manual processing 洗片架（手工洗片的胶片挂架）film marking equipment 胶片标记器材film processing胶片冲洗加工底片处理film processing chemicals 胶片处理药品洗片药品film speed胶片速度(胶片感光速度胶片感光度)film unsharpness 胶片不清晰度film viewer 底片评片灯观片灯底片观察用光源film viewing equipment 评片装置（观片灯）film viewing screen 胶片观察屏filter 滤波器滤光板过滤器final test 最终检验fire barriers防火间隔防火屏障fixing 固定flange 边缘轮缘凸缘法兰flange connection 凸缘联接flange gasket法兰垫片flange joint 凸缘接头flange sealing surface法兰密封面flash plate闪熔镀层flash point 闪点flat-bottomed hole 平底孔flat-bottomed hole equivalent 平底孔当量flaw 伤缺陷瑕疵裂纹flaw characterization 伤特性缺陷特征flaw echo 缺陷回波flaw height(thru-wall dimension) 缺陷自身高度（缺陷在壁厚方向的尺寸）flexible conduit 软管flexural wave 弯曲波flicker-free images 无闪烁图像floating threshold 浮动阀值floor slab 楼板flow instrument 流量计flow sheet 流程图fluorescence 荧光fluorescent dry deposit penetrant干沉积荧光渗透剂fluorescent examination method 荧光检验法fluorescent light 荧光荧光灯fluorescent magnetic particle inspection 荧光磁粉检验fluorescent magnetic powder 荧光磁粉fluorescent penetrant 荧光渗透剂fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluorography 荧光照相术fluorometallic intensifying screen 荧光金属增感屏fluoroscopy 荧光检查法flushing冲洗填缝flux 焊剂，熔化flux cored arc welding 带焊剂焊丝电弧焊flux leakage field 磁通泄漏场漏磁场flux lines 磁通线focal distance 焦距focal spot 焦点focus electron 电子焦点聚焦电子束focus length 焦点长度聚焦长度focus size 焦点尺寸聚焦尺寸focus width 焦点宽度聚焦宽度focused beam 聚焦束（声束、光束、电子束）focusing probe 聚焦探头focus-to-film distance(f.f.d) 焦点-胶片距离（焦距）fog 灰雾fog density 灰雾密度footcandle英尺烛光formula 公式foundation ring 底圈foundation settlement基础沉降freguency 频率frequency constant 频率常数fringe 干涉带干扰带条纹边缘front distance 前沿距离front distance of flaw 缺陷前沿距离full-scale value 满刻度值full-wave direct current（fwdc） 全波直流fundamental frequency 基频furring 毛状迹痕毛皮fusion 熔融熔合fusion arc welded 熔弧焊gage glass 液位玻璃管gage pressure 表压表压力gain增益gamma camera γ射线照相机（γ射线探伤机）gamma equipment γ射线设备gamma radiographyγ射线照相术gamma ray source γ射线源gamma ray source containerγ射线源容器gamma raysγ射线gamma source γ射线源γ源gamma-ray radiographic equipmentγ射线照相装置gamme ray unit γ射线机γ射线装置gap scanning 间隙扫查间隙扫描gas 气体gas cutting 气割gas shielded arc welding 气体保护焊gate 闸门gating technique 选通技术脉冲选通技术gauge board 仪表板样板模板规准尺gauss 高斯geiger-muller counter 盖革.弥勒计数器generating of arc 引弧geometric unsharpness 几何不清晰度girth weld 环形焊缝gland bolt 压盖螺栓goggles 护目镜gouging 刨削槽gray(gy) 戈瑞grazing angle 掠射角切线角入射余角grazing incidence 掠入射切线入射grind off 磨掉grinder 磨床磨工grinding wheel 砂轮片砂轮groove face （焊缝）坡口面grounding conductor 接地导体group velocity 群速度grouting 灌（水泥）浆guide wire尺度[定距]索,准绳gusset plate角撑板,加固板half life 半衰期half-value layer(hvl) 半值层半价层half-value method 半波高度法半值法half-wave current （hw）半波电流halogen 卤素halogen leak detector 卤素检漏仪hanger 吊架挂架洗片架hard hat 安全帽hard x-rays 硬x射线hard-faced probe硬膜探头硬面探头harmonic analysis谐波分析harmonic distortion 谐波畸变harmonics 谐频谐波head face 端面head wave头波heat absorbing glass 吸热玻璃heat affected area 热影响区heat exchangers 热交换器heat transfer 热传输heating boxes 加热箱helium bombing 氦轰击法helium drift 氦漂移helium leak detector氦检漏仪hermetically tight seal 气密密封密封密封装置high energy x-rays 高能x射线high frequency 高频high frequency generator高频发电机high vacuum 高真空highly sophisticated image processing 高度完善的图像处理hoisting upright column 吊装立柱holography 全息照相术（光全息、声全息）horizontal line 水平线hydrophilic emulsifier 亲水乳化剂hydrophilic remover 亲水性洗净剂亲水性去除剂hydrostatic pressure test水压试验hysteresis磁滞滞后i.f. (intermediate frequency)中频（30～3000千周/秒）iacs =international annealed copper standard国际退火(软)铜标准ice 冰ice chest 冰箱ice machine 制冰机，冷冻机iconoscope 光电摄像管id (①inside ②inside dimensions) ①内径②内部尺寸id coil, id =inside diameter 内径线圈idea概念，意见，思想ideal 理想的，想象的identical 同一的，恒定的，相同的identification 鉴定，辨别，验明identification mark识别标志identifier 鉴别器identify pulse识别脉冲idiopathetic 自发的，特发的iem (ion exchange membrane) 离子交换膜illuminance照（明）度illuminant 照明的，发光的illuminating lamp 照明灯泡illuminating loupe 放大照明镜illuminating mirror 照明镜illumination 照明的，照射illumination apparatus 照明器illumination plate 照明板illuminator①照明器，照明装置②反光镜illuminometer 照度计illustration(abbr. illus.)图解，例证，具体说明image amplifier 图像放大器，影像增强器image analysis system 图像分析系统image contrast 图像对比度影像对比image converter 影像转换器image definition 图像清晰度image enhancement 图像增强image freeze 影像冻结image intensifier 像亮化器，图像增强器image intensifier tube 影像增强管图像增强管image magnification图像放大image monitor 图像监视器image multiplier 影像倍增器image pick-up tube 摄像管image quality 图像质量image quality indication 像质指示image quality indicator （iqi）像质计像质指示器image quality indicator sensitivity 像质指示器灵敏度image reproducer 显像管，显像器image store 图像存储器image tube 显像管imager 图像仪，显像仪imagination 想象imagine 想象，推测，设想imaging line scanner 图像线扫描器图像行扫描器imaging plates（ip）成像板immediate payment 立即付款immersion 浸没，浸渍immersion probe 液浸探头immersion rinse 浸没清洗浸液清洗immersion system 浸渍装置液浸系统immersion testing 液浸试验immersion time 浸没时间浸入时间impact strength 冲击强度impacter 冲击器impedance 阻抗impedance matching 阻抗匹配impedance plane diagram 阻抗平面图impedance transducer 阻抗传感器，阻抗换能器impeller ①叶轮，转子②压缩机imperfection 不完整性缺陷imperial gallon(abbr. ip gal) 英国标准加仑（英制容量单位合4.546升）imperial quart英制夸脱import ①进口②输入import and export firm 进出口商行import border station 进口国境站名import licence position 进口许可证importation ①输入，传入②进口货impression 压迹，印模，版impression technic 印模术impression tray 印模盘impulse 冲动，搏动，脉冲impulse eddy current testing脉冲涡流检测impulse generator 脉冲发生器impulse oscilloscope 脉冲示波器impulse recorder 脉冲自动记录器impulse scaler 脉冲计数器impulse timer 脉冲计数器impulse transmitting tube 脉冲发射管impulser脉冲发生器，脉冲传感器impurity不纯，杂质in (①indium ②inch) ①铟②英寸（等于25.4毫米）in parallel 并联in phase 同相的in series 串联in toto 全，整体in vacuo 在真空中inaction 无作用inadequacy 机能不全，闭锁不全inc. (incorporated) 股份有限公司incandescent lamp 白炽灯inch(abbr.in;in) 英寸incidence ①入射，入射角②发生率incident angle 入射角incident illumination入射光incident light 入射光incident ray 入射光incidental 偶发的，非主要的inclination 倾斜，斜度inclined tube type manometer 斜管式压力计include 包括，计入inclusion 包含包埋杂质incoming line 进线口incompatible 不相容的，禁忌的incompetence 机能不全，闭锁不全inconvertible 不可逆的incorporation ①并入②公司increase 增加，增大，增长incremental permeability 增量磁导率indent 订单index ①指数，索引②指针index card 索引卡片index hand指针index signal指示信号indexer 指数测定仪，分度器indicate 指示，表明indicated defect area 缺陷指示面积indicated defect length 缺陷指示长度indicated light 指示灯indicating bell 指示铃indicating lamp 指示灯indication 指示indicator ①指示器，显示器②指针③指示剂indicator paper 试纸indicatrix指示量，指示线，特征曲线indifferent electrode 无关电极indiffusible不扩散的indirect export 间接出口indirect exposure间接曝光indirect import 间接进口indirect magnetization 间接磁化indirect magnetization method 间接磁化法indirect scan 间接扫查indium(abbr.in) 铟individual 个体的，个别的indoor 室内的induce 引起，感应，诱导induced current method 感应电流法induced electricity感生电，感应电induced field 感应磁场感生场induct 感应，引导，引入inductance 电感，感应系数inductance bridge flowmeter 感应电桥流量计inductance meter 电感测定计induction ①引导，前言②感应，电感③吸气induction apparatus 感应器induction coil 感应线圈inductive transducer 感应传感器inductogram x射线照片inductometer 电感计inductor 感应器，感应机inductorium 感应器inductosyn 感应式传感器industrial exhibition 工业展览会industrial radiographic film drye工业射线胶片干燥器industrial robot 工业机器人industrial x-ray films 工业x射线胶片industrial(abbr.indust.) 业的，产品的industry 工业，产业indutrial x-ray machin工业x射线机inert 惰性的，无效的inference推论，推断infinite无限的，无穷的infinitesimal 无限小的，无穷小的infinity 无穷大，无限，无限距inflame 燃，着火inflammable燃的，易燃的inflation 膨胀，充气，打气inflator 充气机inflow 流入，吸入，进气influence影响，感应influx 流入，注入inform 报告，通告，告诉information 情报，资料，消息，数据information generator 信息发送器information storage unit信息存储器infra-下，低于，内，间infranics 红外线电子学infrared ①红外线的②红外线infrared detector红外线探测器infrared drier 红外线干燥器infrared equipment 红外线设备infrared furnace 红外线炉infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析仪infrared heater红外线加热器infrared imaging system 红外成象系统infrared lamp红外线灯infrared laser 红外激光器infrared light 红外线infrared liner polarizer 红外线直线偏振镜infrared photography 红外摄影术infrared radiation 红外线照射infrared radiator 红外线辐射器infrared rays 红外线infrared sensing device 红外传感装置infrared spectrophotometer 红外分光光度计infrared thermography红外热成象红外热谱infrasonic frequency 次声频infrequent稀有的，不常见的inherent 生来的，固有的，先天的inherent filtration 固有滤波inherent fluorescence 固有荧光inheritance 遗传，继承inhibition抑制，延迟，阻滞inhibitor 抑制剂抑制器inhomogeneous 不纯的，不均匀的in-house自身的，内部的initial 开始的，最初的initial charge 起始电荷initial data原始数据initial permeability 起始磁导率初始磁导率initial pulse 始脉冲initial pulse width 始波宽度始脉冲宽度initiator①创造人②引发剂injection 注射，喷射injection syringe注射器injector 注射器，喷射器injector pump 注射泵injury 伤，损伤，损害ink 墨水，油墨ink jet printer 墨水喷射印刷机，喷水式打印机ink jet recorder墨水喷射记录器ink writer印字机ink writing oscillograph 记录示波仪inlay嵌体，嵌入inlead 引入线inlet 入口，入线，输入inlet port入口inner 内部的innocuous 无害的，良性的innovation 革新，改革innumerable 无数的，数不清的ino- 纤维inoperative 无效的，不工作的inorganic 无机的inorganic chemistry 无机化学inosculation 吻合，联合in-out box 输入-输出盒input 输入，输入电路input buffer 输入缓冲器input coupler 输入耦合器input device输入装置input filter 输入滤波器input impedance输入阻抗input output adapter 输入-输出衔接器input tranformer 输入变压器inscription 标题，注册insert ①插入物，垫圈②插入，植入insert tube嵌入式x射线管inserted coil 插入式线圈inserter 插入器，插入物insertion 插入inset 插页，插图，插入inside内部，内侧，在……里面inside coil 内部线圈inside-out testing 外泄检测泄出检测insignificant 无意义的，轻微的insolation 曝晒，日照insoluble 不溶解的inspection 检查检验inspection 验收，检查，商检inspection certificate 检验证明书inspection fee 检验费inspection frequency 检测频率inspection machine 检验设备inspection medium 检查介质检验介质inspection standard 检验标准inspector①测定器②检验员inspectoscope检查镜inspissator 浓缩器，蒸浓器instability 不稳定性install 安装，装置installation①安装②装置，设备installation fundamental circle 安装基准圆installing 安装，插入instance 例证，实例，情况instantaneous value瞬时值，即时值instead代替，更换instillation 滴注法，灌注institute 学会，协会，研究所institution 机关，机构，学校，制度instruction ①指示，命令②说明，说明书instruction counter 指令计数器instrumenent repairing table器械修理台instrument 仪器，器械，仪表instrument air仪表气源instrument board 仪表板instrument cabinet 器械柜instrument carriage 器械车instrument case 器械箱instrument cover 仪器外表instrument cupboard 器械柜instrument light 仪表信号灯instrument lubricant 器械润滑剂instrument rack器械架仪器架instrument stand 仪器架instrument table 器械台，器械桌instrumental error 仪器误差instrumentation ①器械，设备②器械操作法insulant 绝缘材料insulated cable 绝缘电缆insulated sleeve 绝缘套管insulating oil 绝缘油insulation绝缘，绝热，隔离insulation resistance 绝缘电阻insulator 绝缘体，绝热体insullac 绝缘漆insusceptible 不受……影响的，不接受……的intact 完整的，未受损伤的integral ①积分（的）②完整的integraph 积分仪integrated circuit microelectrode集成电路微电极integrated circuit storage集成电路存储器integrated circuit(abbr.ic) 集成电路integrating dosimeter 累计剂量仪integrating instrument 积分仪，积算仪表integrator 积分仪integrogram 积分图integronics 综合电子设备intellect智力，才智intensifier①增强器②照明装置intensifying factor增感系数intensifying screen增感屏intensimeter x射线强度计intensionometer x射线强度量intensity强度intensity level①强度级（声音）②亮度intensity output声强输出intensive 加强的，集中的，重点的inter- 在……中间，内，相互interaction 相互影响，相互作用，干扰interception 相交，折射（光）interchange 交替，交换interchanger 交换器intercondenser中间电容器intercooler 中间冷却器interdiction 禁止，制止interest 兴趣，关心，注意，利益interesting 有趣的interface （计算机）接口界面interface boundary界面interface echo 界面回波interface trigger 界面触发interfacial tensiometer 界面张力计interfacial tension 界面张力interference 干涉interference absorber 干扰吸收器interference filter①干涉滤波器②干涉滤光镜interference preventer 防干扰装置interference refractometer 干涉折射计interference spectroscope 干涉分光镜interferogram 干涉图interferometer 干涉仪，干扰计interferoscope 干涉镜interior 内部，内部的interior angle welding line joint 内侧角焊缝接头interlayer 夹层隔层intermediate frequency(abbr.i.f.) 中频（300～3000千周/秒）intermission 间断间歇internal energy 内能internal exposure 体内照射internal gauge 内径规international candle 国际烛光international fair 国际博览会international market 国际市场international standard 国际标准international treaty 国际条约international unit(abbr. i.u) 国际单位international(abbr.int.) 国际的，世界的interphase 界面界面interpolation插入，内插法interpretation翻译，解释，说明interpretation解释interpreter 翻译程序，翻译机interrupt 断续，中断interrupter 断流器，断续器interspace空间，间隙，中间interstage amplifier 级间放大器inter-sync 内同步interval 间隔，时间间隔，中断期interval arrival time （δtij) 到达时间差interval timer 限时器intervalometer 定时器，时间间隔计intra- 在内，内，内部intrasonic 超低频intro- 入口，在内introduce①引进，引导②前言，绪论introduction说明书，前言，intromission 插入，输入introscope内腔检视仪，内孔窥视仪invagination 凹入，折入，套叠invasive 侵害的，侵入的invention 发明，创造inventor 发明者，创造者inventory①清单，存货单②设备，机器inversion 转换，逆转inverted cone 倒锥形inverted image倒像inverter 倒相器，交换器，换流器inverting amplifier 倒相放大器inverting eyepiece倒像目镜invest 包埋，围模，附于investigation ①调查，研究②调查报告invisible light filter 不可见光滤光镜invisible spectrum 不可见光谱involuntary 不随意的，偶然的involve 包含，包括inward 内，向内的io(ionium) 碘iodide碘化物iodine(abbr. i) 碘iodo- 碘iodoform碘仿，三碘甲烷ion 离子ion analyser 离子分析仪ion exchange 离子交换ion exchange chromatography 离子交换色谱法ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ion exchanger ①离子交换器②离子交换器ion laser 离子激光器ion meter 离子计ion pump 离子泵ion source离子源ionic rays 离子射线ionic strength 离子强度ionic weight 离子量ionization 电离，游离，离子化ionization chamber 电离室ionization constant 电离常数ionization meter 电离测量仪ionization potential 电离电位ionization vacuum gage 电离真空计电离真空压力计ionocolorimeter 氢离子比色计ionogram 电离图ionography 离子放射照相法ionometer ①x射线量计②离子计ionosphere 电离层ionotron 静电消除器iontoquantimeter ①x射线量计②离子计iontoradiometer x射线量计ip (iso-electric point) 等电点ip（imaging plates）成像板ir-不，无，非（同in-,但冠于r字头的词前）ir (iridium) 铱ir spectrophotometer 红外线分光光度计ir-192 gamma ray projector铱192γ射线探伤机iraser 红外激射器，红外激光iridium(abbr. ir) 铱iris ①虹膜②隔膜，膜片③可变光阑iris aperture可变光圈，可变光阑iron 铁iron intensifying screens 铁增感屏iron triangle 铁三角架irradiance e辐射通量密度，辐照度e?irradiation 照光，辐射irradiator 辐照器，辐射器irregular 不规则的，无规律的irregular lighting 不规则照明irreversibility 不可逆性iso- 同，等，均匀isobar 等压线isochore 等容线（在等体积下温度气压关系曲线）isochrone 等时线，瞬压曲线isochronism 等时性isolation 隔离度绝缘。

民国时期验枪术理论的引入与尝试作者：赵铭鼎来源：《西部学刊》2024年第09期摘要：验枪术是为破除枪案而兴起的一门近代新兴刑事技术，最初由西方创设，二十世纪二十年代后期其理论通过租界陆续被引入中国。

三十年代时，一批青年学者去美国学习警察制度，带回了验枪术理论并加以传播。

为预防犯罪，国民政府颁布法令统一对枪支的查验，也为验枪术的实行做了准备。

随后，各大都市开始创立验枪机构，象征着验枪术在国内的进一步发展。

然而由于内外因素的影响，致使南京国民政府时期验枪术始终未能发展成熟。

验枪术是中国近代对刑事技术的一次创新，其理论与实践为后来的枪案侦破技术奠定了基础。

关键词：验枪术；刑事技术；近代警察中图分类号：D918.91;K258文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-6916（2024）09-0050-04The Introduction and Attempt of the Gun Inspection Theoryin the Republic of ChinaZhao Mingding（College of History and Culture， Bohai University， Jinzhou 121013）Abstract： Gun inspection is a modern and emerging criminal technique for solving gun cases，originally created in the West， and its theories were introduced into China in the late 1920s through the rented territories. In the 1930s， a group of young scholars went to the United States to study the police system， and brought back the gun inspection theory and spread it. In order to prevent crime，the National Government issued a decree to unify the inspection of firearms and also made preparations for the practice of gun inspection. Subsequently， various metropolises began to establish gun inspection institutions， symbolizing the further development of gun inspection in China. However， due to the influence of internal and external factors， the gun inspection technique has not been able to develop mature in the period of Nanjing National Government. Gun inspection is an innovation of criminal technology in modern China， and its theory and practice still lay the foundation for the later gun-case detection techniques.Keywords： gun inspection; criminal technique; modern police近代以来，由于科技的进步，犯罪的“种类与伎俩亦日新月异”［1］。