过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词作表语和定语概念引入今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。

先看下面这些句子：1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary peopleexposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholerakilled people.(interested 过去分词作表语)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon theaffected person died.(affected过去分词作定语)5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语）6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。

那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。

语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。

非谓语动词分为：不定式（to do）、动词-ing 形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。

过去分词作定语和表语Q：神马是动词的过去分词？A：①②一、过去分词作定语。

①动词的过去分析作定语的意义；a respected guest a risen suna retired worker the broken glassconclusion: 过去分词作定语的意义是表& 。

②动词的过去分析作定语的位置；fallen leaves retired workers the risen sunThe computer centre, opened last year, is very popular among young people.The bridge built 2000 years ago is in good condition now.conclusion: 单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰的名词的；过去分词短语往往放在被修饰的名词的。

翻译下列短语或句子：一个被宠坏的孩子：一次有组织的旅行：交通事故造成的死亡：一本被英语老师写的书：③过去分词作定语与定语从句的关系。

We all like the lectures that are given by Mr. Song.=>We all like the lectures given by Mr. Song.译：The bridge which was built 2000 years ago is in good condition now.=> The bridge built 2000 years ago is in good condition now.译：conclusion：把定语从句中的和省去之后，便成为了；因此过去分词短语与定语从句可以。

把下列定语从句变为过去分词短语作定语,并翻译。

①Let’s try the bookstore that was opened last year.②Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.③Yesterday, the President went to visit the workers who had retired.④The United States is a country which has developed.⑤He told us the great wrong which had been done to him.⑥We must keep a secret of the things which is being discussed here.⑦Please tell me the subjects which will be discussed at the next meeting.EXERCISE:1.一直迷路的羊2.英语口语3.一名退休的教师4.发达国家5.鲁迅写的书很受欢迎PRACTICE：1.I found this plate on the floor. The plate was broken in pieces.2.I looked at that modern abstract(抽象的) painting. It was colored in yellows and greens.3.Yesterday I got the answer to my question on the Internet. It was the one I expected.4.She is one of my friends. She is devoted to my interests.5.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottled. They were marked in green ink.6.We saw many windows in that room. They were all cracked.二、过去分词作表语。

3） The question discussed was very important.
= The question _w_h_i_c_h_h_a_d_b_e_e_n_d_i_s_cu__ss_e_d____ was very important.
二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处 的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种 形式。
e.g.：spoken English
英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词 只有完成的意义
fallen leaves
落叶
the risen sun
升起来的太阳
a returned student
一名留学生
a retired teacher一名退休来自师Key points
• “-ed” can be used as _a_t_tr_i_b_u_te_ and be put before or after the noun that it modifies. eg. tired/exhausted/excited boy a boy called Tom
e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular． 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
想一想
• 什么时候用前置定语？ • 什么时候用后置定语？
e.g. ： Everyone present is very inspired at his speech． 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。

单个分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面; 分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。
If you want to be an inventor, you must have a plan________(design) to solve a particular problem. This is not as easy as it sounds. Many ideas, ________(develop) after weeks of research , may not prove successful. Many unsuccessful approaches ________(reject), and only the most creative successful ones ________(welcome). Each idea_____(test)by you will need to _________(improve)until it leads you closer to a new invention. Once your hard work has been completed and the patent committee has approved your design, you will find your new invention________(adopt).
二、 过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语表明主语的感受或所处的状态。 如： The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 He is retired. 他已退休。 No wonder he was so excited. 【注意】现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别： 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征，意为“令人…的”, 具有主动含义，意味着“起这种作用” The work was tiring. 过去分词作表语表示主语的状态或心理感受,意为“感到… 的”, 具有被动含义，意味着“受这种影响” The workers were soon tired. 翻译： (1) The book is interesting and I‘m interested in it. (2) When we heard of the moving story, we were deeply moved．