奥地利中英文介绍

奥地利概况奥地利位于欧洲中部，北部与德国、捷克接壤，东部与斯洛伐克、匈牙利相邻，南部连接意大利、斯洛文尼亚，西部是瑞士和列支敦士登。

它是欧洲南北重要的交通要道，也是进入东欧的主要门户。

奥地利国土面积 83870平方公里，由 9个联邦州组成。

全国人口约 8百万，其中98%说德语。

约74%的奥地利人信仰天主教，5%信仰新教。

奥地利是山地之国，山地面积占 60％。

阿尔卑斯山脉从西向东南延伸横贯奥地利境内，西部和南部多山，最高山峰为大钟山（Grossglockner），海拔 3798米。

中部地区有众多的湖泊和沼泽，北部为丘陵，东部是潘诺尼亚平原。

蓝色的多瑙河是奥地利人民的母亲河，在奥地利境内全长 350公里。

奥地利以音乐和皇家传统文化闻名于世，其实，它的内涵远不止这些。

这里美景天成，历史文化传统深厚，人民好客淳朴，并勇于创新，堪称文化与自然交融之地的典范。

九个联邦州维也纳 Wien面积：415平方公里，人口：168万。

首都维也纳是统治奥地利长达 640年之久的哈布斯堡皇朝的古都，市内建筑新老相容，充满活力。

维也纳也是欧洲文化艺术的汇集之地、更是人们休闲度假和享受生活的地方。

维也纳森林和蓝色多瑙河为这座全球生活品质最高的城市提供了绝佳的自然环境。

拥有“音乐之都”美誉的维也纳是一个别具一格的欧洲魅力城市。

布尔艮兰州 Burgenland首府：艾森施塔特，面积：3965平方公里，人口：28万。

布尔艮兰州是奥地利最东部的一个联邦州，以温泉区和盛产葡萄酒而著称。

与匈牙利共享的诺伊希德尔湖是欧洲大陆唯一的草原湖泊，是稀有鸟类的栖息地。

位于州府艾森施塔特的爱斯特哈泽宫是奥地利最美的巴洛克宫殿之一。

著名的作曲家约瑟夫·海顿曾在这里生活和创作。

下奥地利州 Niederösterreichwww.niederoesterreich.at首府：圣珀尔腾，面积：19173平方公里，人口：160万。

下奥地利州环抱着维也纳，也是奥地利面积最大的联邦州。

走进音乐之国——奥地利一、国家简介：奥地利共和国位于欧洲中部，东邻匈牙利和斯洛伐克，西连瑞士和列支敦士登，南接意大利和斯洛文尼亚，北靠德国和捷克接壤，著名的多瑙河流经奥地利东北部，是中欧大陆从南到北、从西到东的交通枢纽。

奥地利气候宜人，属海洋性向大陆性过渡的温带阔叶林气候。

平均气温1月为-2℃，七月为19℃。

奥地利原为奥匈帝国，1918年成立共和国，二战后被苏、美、英、法四国占领，1945年4月成立第二共和国。

1955年10月重新获得独立，奥地利国民议会通过永久中立法，成为中立国。

全国面积83，858平方公里，约有821万人口，奥地利人口占90%之多，78%的居民信奉天主教，人均国内生产总值2.83万欧元，官方语言为德语。

二、音乐的国度：奥地利到处都流动着美妙的音乐，潺潺的小溪，葱葱的绿意，给音乐家提供了不少灵感。

音乐之国奥地利形状像一把小提琴。

谈起奥地利，无人不知其音乐和歌剧。

全世界几乎找不到另一个国度对音乐和戏剧如此推崇和普及。

从街头音乐演出到流行音乐会，从轻歌剧达到音乐喜剧，从大型交响乐到歌剧表演，应有尽有。

时至今日，仍保留着贝多芬、舒伯特、海顿、莫扎特、施特劳斯父子等享誉世界乐坛的大师们的故居与遗迹。

这些大师在两个世纪中为奥地利留下了丰厚的文化遗产，形成了独特的民族文化传统。

奥地利萨尔斯堡音乐节是世界上历史最悠久、水平最高的古典音乐节之一。

每年一度的维也纳新年音乐会可谓世界上最受欢迎和最有影响的音乐会。

世界上最豪华的国家歌剧院经常上演著名音乐大师创作的歌剧。

建于1869年的皇家歌剧院是世界最有名的歌剧院之一，维也纳爱乐乐团则是举世公认的交响乐团。

1、音乐之都——维也纳：奥地利首都维也纳，位于国境东北部阿尔卑斯山北麓多瑙河畔，风景优雅，让人流连忘返。

蓝色的多瑙河从市区静静流过，在“蓝色”的多瑙河畔，时时处处可闻熟悉的旋律；皇宫、国会大厦、市政厅、维也纳森林特色晚餐无不吸引着世界各地的音乐爱好者。

奥地利简介概况奥地利位于欧洲中部，其南部临近意大利，西部临近德国，北部临近捷克和斯洛伐克，东部临近匈牙利，地理位置十分优越。

它是一个以汉译表示的拉丁语国家，位于北纬46.88度，东经14.99度。

奥地利的国土总面积约83880平方公里，其中土地面积为82781平方公里，湖泊和河流约为1100平方公里。

奥地利是一个多民族国家，共有十个民族：奥地利人、德国人、捷克人、斯洛伐克人、匈牙利人、意大利人、拉脱维亚人、泰国人、塞尔维亚人和克罗地亚人，各民族都有自己的语言。

其中，奥地利人及其语言拉丁语占主导，其他民族和语言均有官方承认。

奥地利的政治制度是联邦共和制，政府由总统、联邦政府、联邦立法议会和地方议会等9个组成部分组成。

总统的任期为六年，由两个总统选举投票组成，是奥地利最高行政权。

为了更好地维护国家安全，奥地利政府积极参与欧盟，加入全球利益联盟，投资多元化政策，减轻国家间孤立主义等。

作为欧洲政治稳定的核心，奥地利吸引众多外国投资，促进经济发展。

奥地利经济发达，拥有欧元作为国家货币，经济类型为混合经济，贸易自由化程度高，拥有全球十大竞争力经济体之一的经济结构，拥有全球最高的GDP总量。

东南部的工业化，农业多样化，北部地区自然资源丰富，西部的旅游业发达，服务业的发展也十分突出，使得全国经济建设取得重大进展。

奥地利气候温和，全国分布着许多湖泊和河流，大片葱郁的森林，丰富多彩的自然风光，这也使得它是一个旅游胜地。

此外，维也纳还被称为文化之都，拥有许多著名的建筑和艺术作品，如多个著名的艺术博物馆和文化场所，具有极高的文化和历史价值。

总而言之，奥地利是一个具有深厚历史文化底蕴，经济发达，政治稳定，气候宜人的国家。

它的伟大的历史使它成为欧洲著名的文化中心，也是值得我们去旅行的好地方。

奥地利是个怎样的国家？
奥地利是一个位于中欧的国家，与德国、捷克、斯洛伐克、匈牙利、斯洛文尼亚、意大利、列支敦士登和瑞士相邻。

以下是关于奥地利的一些特点和信息：
1. 地理位置：奥地利位于阿尔卑斯山的中心地带，被山脉环抱，拥有众多美丽的湖泊和风景如画的乡村景观。

它的首都是维也纳，也是该国最大的城市。

2. 历史与文化：奥地利作为哈布斯堡王朝的故乡，在历史上扮演着重要的角色。

它有着悠久而多元化的文化传统，以音乐、艺术和文学而闻名。

奥地利是许多音乐家和作曲家的故乡，如莫扎特、贝多芬和施特劳斯家族等。

3. 教育和科技：奥地利拥有高水平的教育体系和世界知名的大学。

该国在科学和技术领域也有较高的成就，特别是在能源、交通和环境领域。

4. 旅游资源：奥地利以其迷人的自然风景和历史名胜而吸引着大量游客。

阿尔卑斯山脉为游客提供了丰富的户外活动机会，如滑雪、徒步和攀岩等。

此外，奥地利的城市和小镇
也闻名于其古老的建筑、博物馆和音乐表演。

5. 社会福利和生活质量：奥地利是一个福利国家，拥有完善的社会保障体系和高度发达的公共服务。

该国在医疗保健、教育、养老金和就业方面提供广泛的福利。

根据人类发展指数（HDI），奥地利一直位居全球最高水平之一。

总体而言，奥地利是一个美丽而繁荣的国家，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化底蕴。

它以其高质量的生活、自然风光和艺术传统而受到世界各地的赞赏。

奥地利地理之布尔诺城堡的地理背景Geographical Background of Brno Castle in Austria The Baroque and Gothic styles blend harmoniously within the walls of Brno Castle, a testament to both its rich historical legacy and geographical significance. Nestled atop a hill overlooking the vast Moravian plateau, it stands as a sentinel, guarding over the city of Brno for centuries.在布尔诺城堡的石墙之内，巴洛克风格和哥特式风格和谐交融，这既是对其丰富历史遗产的证明，也是对其地理意义的有力体现。

它坐落于一座小山上，俯瞰着辽阔的摩拉维亚高原，宛如一位卫士，数百年来守护着布尔诺这座城市。

Brno Castle's strategic location is not just an accident; rather, it was deliberately chosen due to its commanding view of the surrounding countryside and ease of access via major trade routes. This made it a prime target for fortifications throughout various epochs, from medieval kings seeking refuge from invaders to Habsburg emperors suppressing revolutionaries.布尔诺城堡之所以选址于此并非偶然，而是因为它能够俯瞰周围的乡村并且通过主要的贸易路线轻松抵达，因此成为了各个时代的重要防御目标。

奥地利历史之奥匈帝国的形成与解体The Formation and Dissolution of Austro-HungarianEmpire in Austrian HistoryThe Austro-Hungarian Empire, a geopolitical entity that once dominated the heart of Europe, was born out of intricate political alliances and ethnic complexities. Its existence spanned nearly half a century, marked by both moments of grandeur and eventual decline, culminating in its dissolution during the First World War. This essay delves into the fascinating tale of how this empire came to be and ultimately met its demise.奥匈帝国，这一曾主宰欧洲心脏的地缘政治实体，诞生于错综复杂的政治联盟和民族复杂性之中。

其存在跨越了近半个世纪的时间，既有过辉煌的瞬间，也最终走向了衰落，最终在第一次世界大战期间土崩瓦解。

本文旨在深入探讨这个帝国如何诞生以及最终走向消亡的引人入胜的故事。

In the late 19th century, Austria-Hungary emerged as a result of the dynastic union between the Habsburg monarchy of Austria and the Magyar nobility of Hungary. This marriage of convenience not only brought together two powerful ruling families but also cemented an alliance between disparate regions with diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. It represented a delicate balance between competing nationalistic aspirations within the realm's multiethnic population.在19世纪末，随着哈布斯堡家族的奥地利君主制和马扎尔贵族的匈牙利之间的王朝联合，奥匈帝国应运而生。

AustriansFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchAustriansÖsterreicherMozart • Maria Theresa • Joseph Haydn • Marie AntoinetteErwin Schrödinger • Arnold SchwarzeneggerTotal populationOver 9 million people.[1][2][3]Regions with significant populationsAustria: ~8,000.000Italy (Province of Bolzano-Bozen): 300.000[4]Germany (Southern Germany): 230.000Switzerland: 40.000United States: 30.335South Africa: 20.204Australia: 15.000Brazil: 11.000Argentina: 11.000Canada: 8.000Hungary (Sopron ger.: Ödenburg): ?LanguagesGerman (Austrian German varieties)-absolute majority some autochtone minorities members also:Slovene, Croatian, Czech, Slovak, HungarianReligionRoman Catholic ca. 75 %, Protestant ca. 5 %, other or no religion (ca. 20 %)Related ethnic groupsGermanic people, Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians, Slovenes and Croatians[6] Austrians (German: Österreicher) are a nation and an ethnic grouporiginating from the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states (March of Austria, Archduchy of Austria, Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary) who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent. Due to their common history and belonging to the Holy Roman Empire until 1806, German-speaking Austrians were historically regarded as Germans, but after the founding of a German national state, the German Empire in 1871, and after the events of World War II and Nazism, this has fallen out of fashion and is often considered offensive.Austrians have also been defined by their national citizenship, which had, in the course of Austrian history, varying relations to the above, for example referring to a native German-speaker of the one-time Habsburg empire, or in a wider sense to any citizen of any of the various lands of that empire that did not form the Hungarian half of Austria-Hungary. In the latter sense, the definition included many ethnic minoritiesand speakers of up to twelve different languages.HistoryMain article: History of Austria[edit] Ancient timesMain articles: Hallstatt culture, Noricum, and March of AustriaDuring the Migration Period, the Slavic tribe of the Carantanians migrated into the Alps in the wake of the expansion of their Avar overlords during the 7th century, mixed with the Celto-Romanic population, and established the realm of Carantania, which covered much of eastern and central Austrian territory. In the meantime, the Germanic tribe of the Bavarians had developed in the 5th and 6th century in the west of the country and in Bavaria, while what is today V orarlberg had been settled by the Alemans. Those groups mixed with the Rhaeto-Romanic population and pushed it up into the mountains.[edit] Medieval timesOver time the Bavarii and Alamanni were conquered by another Germanic people, the Franks, and were incorporated in their empire. The Frankish Empire eventually evolved into the Holy Roman Empire, a vast multi ethnical Empire mostly located in Central Europe. Eventually Vienna, Austria's capital, grew to become the secret capital of the Holy Roman Empire and a cultural centre for arts and science, music and fine cuisine.In 1278 the territory, by then corresponding roughly to what are now Upper and Lower Austria, passed to the House of Habsburg, with whose history it became closely associated until the early 20th century. Within a century the Habsburgs had added Carinthia, Styria, Carniola, and Tyrol to their rule, thus effectively controlling most of the territory of the modern Republic of Austria. Being ruled from the Duchy of Austria, the name of the duchy came to be informally applied to all these territories collectively, and hence their inhabitants also became known as Austrians.The Habsburgs greatly increased their political prestige and power with the acquisition of the lands of the crowns of Hungary and Bohemia in 1526. Hungary was more successful at retaining its cultural identity than Bohemia, which underwent a period of intense German colonisation, coupled with Germanization. However, the longer history under rule from Vienna, and some common German-speaking identity in lands such as Carinthia, Styria, or Tyrol, created a sense of Austrian identity. [edit] Early Modern TimesAlthough not formally a united state, the lands ruled by the Habsburgs would sometimes be known, at least to outsiders, by the name Austria. In reality they remained a disparate range of semi-autonomous states, most of which were part of the complex network of states that was the Holy Roman Empire (the imperial institutions of which were themselves controlled for much of their later existence by the Habsburgs). However, the second half of the 18th century saw an increasingly centralised state begin to develop under the regency of Maria Theresa of Austria and her son Joseph II. After the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon, the emperor Franz II formally founded the Austrian Empire in 1804 and became as Franz I the first Austrian emperor. For the first time the citizens of the various territories were nowcitizens of the one same state, while the other German-speaking states still cultivated their Kleinstaaterei and didn't succeed in forming a homogenous empire before 1871 when the German Empire was founded.A further major change resulted from a reorganisation of the empire in 1867 into a dual monarchy, with the Kingdom of Hungary gaining a considerable amount of political autonomy as one of the two halves. The other half remained a patchwork of states, broadly coterminous with the modern-day Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and parts of Poland, Ukraine, Italy, and Croatia. These non-Hungarian lands, formally known as "the Kingdoms and States Represented in the Imperial Council" were sometimes known as Austria, for want of a better name. An alternative label in this context is Cisleithania.[edit] Modern times[edit] 19th-century nationalismFor more details on this topic, see Pan-Germanism.The Austrian lands had also been members of the Habsburg-dominated German Confederation since 1815. This split political personality also reflected a cultural uncertainty as to whether the German-speaking peoples under Austrian rule were Austrian, or German, or both. The developing sense of a German nationality had been accelerated massively as a consequence of the political turmoil and wars that engulfed Central Europe following the French Revolution and the rise to power of Napoleon Bonaparte. Although the years of peace after Napoleon's fall quickly saw German nationalism largely pushed out of the public political arena, the Revolutions of 1848 established it as a significant political issue for a period of over twenty years. Political debate centred on the nature of a possible future German state to replace the Confederation, and part of that debate concerned the issue of whether or not the Austrian lands had a place in the Germany polity.Habsburg influence over the German Confederation was rivalled by the increasingly powerful Prussian state. Political manoeuvering by the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck resulted in military defeat of the Austrians in 1866 and the collapse of the Confederation, both effectively ending any future Austrian influence on German political events. The so-called Franco-Prussian War and the establishment of a German Empire, headed by Prussia and pointedly excluding any of the Austrian lands, diminished the influence of pan-Germanism in the Habsburg territories, and worked to reinforce the sense of a distinctively Austrian identity as the state turned away from Germany and turned its gaze towards the Balkan Peninsula.[edit] The 20th centuryThe last year of World War I saw the collapse of Habsburg authority throughout an increasingly greater part of its empire, and the military surrender in November 1918 finally brought with it the abdication of the last emperor. The creation of the Czecho-Slovak and South Slav states, full independence for a rump Hungary, and the post-war treaties imposed by the victorious Allies combined to see the newly-established Austrian republic both with the boundaries it has today, and a largely homogeneous German-speaking population. However, German-speaking communities were also left scattered throughout the other new states, as well as in thesouthern part of Tyrol which now found itself part of Italy.Initially the republic took the name German Austria, initially reflecting the republic being the German-speaking part of the old Austria and showing the popular desire to unite with the new German republic. This hope was to be dashed by the Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919, and the new state changed its name to Republic of Austria on 21 October 1919.Desire for unity with Germany was motivated both by a sense of common national identity, and also by a fear that the new state, stripped of its one-time imperial possessions, and surrounded by potentially hostile nation-states, would not be economically viable.By 1938, with Nazi governments in control of both Berlin and Vienna, the country was annexed to Germany (Anschluss) as Ostmark. In 1942 the name was changed to the Danubian and Alpine Districts, thus eradicating any links with an Austrian national past[edit] Post World War IIThe end of World War II in 1945 saw the re-establishment of an independent Austria, although the Allied Powers remained in occupation until 1955.Austrians, wishing to distance themselves from the Third Reich, decided to develop a self-image unambiguously separate from its neighbour, basing itself on cultural achievements of the past and, though not without controversy, the centuries of Habsburgs rule.Unlike in the early 19th century, in 1987 only 6 percent of the Austrians identified themselves as "Germans". Indeed, being (mis)identified as one can cause resentment. In 1993 80 percent of the Austrians called Austria an independent nation and 12 percent said, it is growing to one.[8] [9] The logic of the existence of an independent Austrian state is no longer questioned as it was in the early years of its existence. Austria's history and geographical location has resulted in recent[weasel words] immigration from Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, and Poland. As with neighbouring Germany, there has also been immigration from Turkey and former Yugoslav states such as Croatia and Serbia.[edit] CultureMain article: Austrian cultureCulture on the territory of what is today Austria can be traced back to around 1050 B.C. with the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures. However, a culture of Austria as we know it today began to take shape when the Austrian lands were part of the Holy Roman Empire, with the Privilegium Minus of 1156, which elevated Austria to the status of a Duchy, marking an important step in its development. Austrian culture has largely been influenced by its neighbours, Italy, Germany, Hungary and Bohemia. [edit] LanguageMain article: Austrian GermanFurther information: German languageAustrian German is a variety of the German language spoken in Austria. There is no unitary Austrian language, but a variety of High German dialects are spoken. Besides the Germanic languages discussed here, minority languages such as Slovenian,Croatian, and Hungarian are spoken in parts of the country.Ordinarily, the latter dialects are considered to belong either to the Central Austro-Bavarian or Southern Austro-Bavarian subgroups, with the latter encompassing the languages of the Tyrol, Carinthia, and Styria and the former including the dialects of Vienna, Upper Austria, and Lower Austria. The dialect spoken in V orarlberg is more closely related to Swiss German than it is to other Austrian dialects, so Austrians from outside V orarlberg can have difficulties understanding it.While strong forms of the various dialects are not normally comprehensible to most German speakers, there is virtually no communication barrier along the border between Austria and Germany, since people on both sides of the border speak very similarly. The Central Austro-Bavarian dialects are more intelligible to speakers of Standard German than the Southern Austro-Bavarian dialects of Tirol. Viennese, the Austro-Bavarian dialect of Vienna, is most frequently used in Germany for impersonations of the typical inhabitant of Austria.[edit] CuisineMain article: Austrian CuisineAustrian cuisine, which is often incorrectly equated with Viennese cuisine, is derived from the cuisine of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In addition to native regional traditions it has been influenced above all by Hungarian, Czech, Jewish, and Italian cuisines, from which both dishes and methods of food preparation have often been borrowed. Goulash is one example of this. Austrian cuisine is known primarily in the rest of the world for its pastries and sweets. In recent times a new regional cuisine has also developed which is centred on regional produce and employs modern and easy methods of preparation.[citation needed]。