2016职称英语卫生类考试阅读理解备考习题

Young SmokersIt has been shown that children who smoke have certain pared with non-smokers they are more rebellious,their work deteriorates as they move up school,they are more likely to leave school early,and are more often delinquent and sexually precocious.Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking,and these are largely psychological and social.They include availability of cigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearing tough,anticipation of adulthood,social confidence,the example of parents and teachers,and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established,but in fact this has proved very difficult.The example set by people in authority,especially parents,health care workers,and teachers,is of prime importance.School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises.This rule has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my schooldays.There is,however,a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules,and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools.Nevertheless,banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial.Teachers too should not smoke on school premises,at least not in front of children.36.In this passage the author puts an emphasis onA.the consequence of smoking among children.B.the difficulty in prohibiting children from smoking.C.the causes of smoking among children.D.the solution to ban smoking among children37.Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokersA.Disobedience.ziness.C.Abstinence.D.Vanity.38.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passageA.Some children start to smoke out of curiosity and vanity.B.Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.C.In order to have fewer children smokers,parents,teachers and health care workers should set examples.D.It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adults from smoking..39.The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smokingA.hould be introduced,for it really works at the school.B.should not be introduced,for it may cause disturbance.C.should be introduced though it may not work effectively.D.needn't be introduced as long as teachers don't smoke.40.The author's attitude towards his writing isA.Objective.B.Emotional.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.参考答案：BADCA。

Studies Show US Spending Doesn't Get Best HealthThe United States many spend twice as much on health care as other rich countries1,but it is not getting results to match2 according to studies released on Tuesday.But in the study of five wealthy countries,published in the journal Health Affairs,researchers found no single nation had clearly the worst or best health care system.Gerard Anderson at Johns Hopkins University's school of public health and colleagues came up with3 a list of 21 health fields they could evenly compare across the five countries —Australia,Canada,Britain,New Zealand and the United States."None of the five countries is consistently the best or the worst on all 21 indicators." Anderson said during a telephone briefing for reporters."If you are looking for the place to get the best care,there isn't a single place.Every country has at least one indicator where it scores the best of the five countries and each country has at least one indicator where it scores the worst of the five countries."But,he said,the United States is not getting value for money."The United States should be particularly concerned about these results,given that we spend twice as much on health care as any other country.So spending more doesn't necessarily result in4 "better outcomes."Anderson's group of international health experts sponsored by the Commonwealth Fund spent five years working on the study,getting the latest possible data from the five countries on areas such as breast cancer and leukemia survival,suicide rates,death rates from asthma,vaccination rates and cancer screening.练习：1.The US spends twice as much on health care as other rich countries.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.The US is the place where people get the best health care.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.Each year,the US spends more money on health care than the previous one.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.The more a country spends on health care,the better care its people enjoy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.The study involved 5 countries and lasted 5 years.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.The other four countries provide better health care than the US.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.The US is determined to do something about its health care system.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案与解析1.A ⽂章第⼀、六两段分别提到，美国在卫⽣保健⽅⾯的开⽀是其他富裕国家的两倍。

2016职称英语卫生类备考阅读理解试题A patient on the brink of death has received the world’s first self-contained artificial heart—a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires, tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a sever-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was “awake and responsive” Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation, and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person’s life by only a month. But the device is considered a major step toward improving the pati ent’s quality of life.The new pump, called AbioCor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those, the Jarvic-7, used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.“I think it’s potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,” said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American heart Association.However, he said the dream of an implantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality: “This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated.” Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died.Some doctors, including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hears.“A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,” he said. “It’s going to be hard to replace that with a machine.”1. The first two paragraphs tell that the Self-contained artificial heartA. was made of titanium and pumpB. had brought the patient to the brink of deathC. did not need to get power from outside the bodyD. was invented by two surgeous from university of Louisville2. According to the report, the patient who received the first self-contained heartA. could not afford a donor heartB. was said to be in a good condition the next day after the operationC. died two month’s after the heart implantationD. was reluctant to release his or her personal information3. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that the Jarvic-7 isA. the most expensive mechanical heartB. a mechanical heart used in the 1980sC. as advanced as AbiocorD. replacing Abiocor4. According to Dr. David Faxon, the self-contained heart isA. a milestone in the artificial heart developmentB. still in the experimental stageC. an implantable, permanent artificial heartD. unavailable to all those Americans waiting for donor hearts5.It can be inferred from the passage that donor heartA. saved the lives of about 2100 Americans the year before the reportB. will be replaced by self-contained artificial hearts sooner or laterC. are more popular and cheaper than self-contained artificial heartsD. can help patients survive less than 15 years if they are in good transplant.参考答案：1.A. 2.B.3. B.4.B. 5.B.更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

Chronic Diseases：The World's Leading KillerChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the st ween in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄⽣的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.36.How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2015？A.More than 17 million.B.More than 380 million.C.More than 304 million.D.More than 25 million.37.Due to chronic diseases China will have to faceA.great pressure from other countries.B.a limited economic market.C.a shortage of the labor force.D.huge economic losses.38.Which can NOT be learned from the passage？A.Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.B.Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.D.Eonomic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.39.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have beenA.economic gains.B.lost productivity.C.chronic diseases.D.infectious and parasitic diseases.40.Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths？A.Timely medical treatment.B.Healthy eating.C.More physical activity.D.Reduction in drinking and smoking.答案：36.C37.D38.C39.D40.A。

The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing.Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.”How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective，but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people. Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weightrange3.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.词汇：skip/skIp/v.跳过 obese/Eu5bi:s/adi.肥胖的metabolic/metE5bClIk/adj.新陈代谢的 psychiatric/7saIkI5Atrik/adj.精神病的abnormal/Ab5nC:ml/adj.异常的注释：1.　They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.他们被给予⼀种流⾷配⽅，每天提供600热卡。

The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing.Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.”How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective，but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people. Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weightrange3.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.词汇：skip/skIp/v.跳过 obese/Eu5bi:s/adi.肥胖的metabolic/metE5bClIk/adj.新陈代谢的 psychiatric/7saIkI5Atrik/adj.精神病的abnormal/Ab5nC:ml/adj.异常的注释：1.　They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.他们被给予⼀种流⾷配⽅，每天提供600热卡。

Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist (佛教) culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product (GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness. If the people's happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness (GNH). GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier it" they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government. Now this is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet. Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazil may be the next country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow. 41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? A. A president. B. A Buddhist priest. C. A general. D. A king. 42. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan? A. To make its population grow. B. To keep it separate from the world. C. To encourage its people to get rich. D. To keep its tradition and customs. 43. A country shows its progress with GNP by________. A. selling more products B. spending more money C. spending less money D. providing more jobs 44. According to GNH, people are happier if they________. A. have new technology B. can change their religion C. have a good, stable government D. have more money 45. Today, many countries are________. A. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress B. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness 参考答案: 41.D【解析】题意：Jigme Singye Wangehuck是谁? 根据⽂章第⼀段最后⼀句…a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern可知，Wangehuek是⼀位新上任的国王。

2016职称英语卫生类阅读理解备考练习Since ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid (水杨酸). This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach. In 1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.In 1897, in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His father’s pain went away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager, who tested the drug and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective, it also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug.At first, Bayer sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent(专利权) on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sellaspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader.By the 1950s, new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. In 1982, he won the Nobel Prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!36. Why didn't the French scientist continue to make the medicine that stopped pain?A. It didn't work well.B. It hurt the stomach.C. It was hard to make.D. It was not cost-effective.37. Why was Felix Hoffmann looking for a painkiller?A. His company told him to do that.B. He wanted to make a lot of money.C.His father was in pain.D.He suffered from headache.38.Bayer started making aspirin becauseA.it helped prevent heart attacksB.other companies were making itC.the manager was a scientistD.it worked well in stopping pain39.Bayer aspirin wasA.the only drug with the name “aspirin”.B.the first aspirin sold in the United States.C.not sold in drugstores in 1915.D.not easy to find in drugstores40.What has happened to aspirin since new painkiller came on the market?panies have stopped selling it.B.It has become the best-selling painkiller.C.Its new use has been discovered.D.Doctors have sold it to patients.参考答案：CCDBC更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

2016职称英语卫生类考试阅读判断复习题The human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us, to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place. In fact, the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much -- until they get sick.The germs(致病菌)that make people sick are everywhere. You can't see them, but they're there. They're sitting on your desk. They're hiding on your computer's keyboard. They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs: viruses and bacteria(细菌).Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles(麻疹).Bacteria are tiny creatures. Some bacteria are good. They can help your stomach break down food. Other bacteria aren't so good. They can-make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats(喉痛)and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick? Your skin is the first defense against germs. You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing, with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes, and nose.Once germs are inside your body, your immune(免疫的)system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs. How does it do that? Special cells patrol yourbody. Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies. An antibody sticks to a germ. There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick. Others help your body find and kill germs. After a germ is destroyed, the antibodies stay in your body. They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious(有营养的)diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated(接种).Vaccines are medicines. They contain germs that have been killed or weakened. The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead, they cause your body to make antibodies. If the same germ ever shows up again, then your antibodies attack it.16. Viruses can only live inside people or animals.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17. All bacteria cause illnesses.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18. Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19. Germs can enter the body through the eyes.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20. The heart contains the body's strongest muscle.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21. After they kill germs, antibodies stay in the body.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22. Vaccines can make you sick.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：16.B 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C 21.A 22.B更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

Thirst for OilWerldwide every day，we devour the energyequivalent of about 200 million barrels of Oil．MoHt of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun．In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet’s surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year，we just need to find an efficient way to use it．So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at．But as supplies dwindle，this will change，and we will need to cure our addiction to oil．Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution，when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice．Coal is still used，mostly in power stations，to cover orle quarter of our energy needs，but its use has been declining since wc Stanedpumping up oil．Coal is the least efficient，unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel，but could make a comeback，as supplies are still plentiful；its reserves are five times larger than oil’s．Today petroleum，a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol，diesel oil and various other chemical substances，provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs，mostly fuelling automobiles．The US consumes a quarter of all oil，and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions．The majority of oil Comes from the Middle East，which has half of known reserves．But other significant sources include Russia，North America，Norway，Venezuela and the North Sea．Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge1 could be a major new US source，to reduce reliance on foreign imports．Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years，though opinions and estimates vary．We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades，when demand exceeds supply． As conventional reserves become more difficuh to access．others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead．Petrol could also be obtained from coal．Since we started using fossil fuels，we have released 400 billion tonnes2 of carbon，and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃．Among other horrors，this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and tile inching of all Arctic ice．词汇：devour/di5vauE (r)/v．吞没，耗尽 dwindle/5dwindl/v．减少dense/dens/adj．密集的 diesel oil 柴油pump/pQmp/v．⽤泵抽吸 accessible/Ek5sesEbl/adj．可使⽤的，可得到的petrolcum/5petrEl/n．⽯油，原油 rainforest n．(热带)⾬林reliance/ri5laiEns/n．依赖，依靠 tar sand 沥青砂oil shale 油页岩 destruction/dis5trQkFEn/n．破坏，毁灭注释：1． Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge：美国阿拉斯加北极国家野⽣动物保护区。