椎管内色素性神经鞘瘤的MRI影像学特点分析

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中国实用医刊 2019 年6 月第46 卷第 12 期 Chinese Journal of Practical

Medicine,

June 2019, Vol. 46, No. 12

椎管内色素性神经鞘瘤的MRI影像学特点分析

杨欢高剑波梁盼 郑州大学第一附属医院放射科 450052 通信作者:高剑波,Email:cjr. gaojianbo@ vip. 163.

com

【摘要】目的探讨椎管内色素性神经鞘瘤的MRI表现,提高对本病的影像学认识和诊断水平。方法收

集郑州大学第一附属医院2008年7月至2018年8月术后病理学检查证实为椎管内色素性神经鞘瘤患者5例,5例 患者均行MRI平扫、增强检查,回顾性分析其临床特征及MRI表现。结果5例患者中,病变发生在颈段2例,胸 段2例,腰紙段1例;发生在髓内1例,单纯硬膜下2例,硬膜外2例;3例病变单发,2例病变多发;边界光整4例,

模糊1例;椎间孔扩大2例,椎体及椎间孔骨质受累1例。MRI显示肿瘤在T1WI呈高信号3例,等、稍高混杂信号

1例,等信号1例;T2W1信号不均匀3例,其内均可见极低信号;增强后不均匀强化者3例,均匀強化者2例,1例邻

近脊膜强化。结论椎管内色素性神经鞘瘤表现为急性病程,肿瘤多位于髓外硬膜下,可单发

,并有多发倾向,

T1WI呈高信号,T2WI内出现极低信号,增强后中度强化,不均匀强化区与神经鞘瘤相似。MRI对本病有助于诊

断,

并确定侵犯范围

【关键词】 椎管;

色素性神经鞘瘤

;磁共振成像

D0I : 10. 3760/cma. j. issn. 1674 - 4756.2019. 12.008

MRI features of

melanotic

schwannoma in spinal canal

Yang Iluart, Gao Jianbo, Liang Pan

Department of Radiology, the First Afiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 , China

Corresponding author: Gao Jianbo, Email: cjr. gaojianbo@ vip.

163.

com

[Abstract ] Objective To investigate the magnetic resonance

imaging ( MRI)

findings of spinal

canal melanotic schwannoma and to improve the imaging knowledge and diagnosis ability of the disease.

Methods Five patients with intraspinal pigmented schwannoma confirmed by pathological examination

from July 2008 to August 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected. Five patients underwent plain and enhanced MRI examinations. The clinical

features and MRI findings

were retrospectively analyzed. Results Two cases of 5 patients were at the cervical level ; 2 cases, the thoracic level; 1 case, at the lumbar level. One case occurred in the intramedulla; 2 cases, in the subdural ; 2 cases, in the epidural. Three cases had single lesions and 2 cases were multiple. Four cases

were boundary smoothing and 1 case was ambiguity. Two cases were intervertebral foramen enlargement,

and 1 case was with vertebral body and intervertebral foramen infringed. On MRI, 3 cases

showed

hyperintensity on T1WI, 1 case of equal signal and 1 case of mixed mild hyperintensity ; 3 cases were uneven on T2WI, and all

of 5 cases had extremely hyprointensity ; there were 3 cases of

uneven

enhancement, 2 cases of even enhancement, and

1 case of adjacent

meningeal

enhancement.

Conclusions Pigmented neurilemmoma in spinal canal manifests as an acute course. Most of the tumors

are located under the extramedullary dura. They are solitary and tended to be multiple.

T1

WI

shows high

signal intensity, and very low signal intensity appeared

in T2WI. After enhancement, they show moderate

enhancement. The uneven enhancement area is similar to that of neurilemmoma. MRI is helpful in

diagnosing this disease and determining the extent of invasion.[Keywords

]

Spinal canal ; Melanotic schwannoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging

DOI :10. 3760/cma. j. issn. 1674 -4756. 2019. 12. 008中国实用医刊 2019 年 6 月第46 卷第 12 期

Chinese Journal of Practical Medicine,

June 2019, Vol. 46, No. 12

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色素性神经鞘瘤(MS)起源于施万细胞,是以分泌

黑色素为特征的罕见肿瘤,占神经鞘瘤的

1%。MS由

Miller于1932年首次报道⑷

,可发生于皮肤、皮下、颅

内、神经根、

胃肠道、

肺内等

,其中

5%

患者伴发Carney

综合征(皮肤色素异常、黏液瘤、内分泌肿瘤或内分泌

过度活跃),有复发、转移倾向,是一种独特的恶性肿 瘤。发生在椎管内的MS国内外相关报道少见S3】。 为提高对本病的认识,现对本院有完整临床及影像学 资料并经手术病理证实的5例椎管内MS的临床资料 进行分析总结。1资料与方法1.1 一般资料:收集郑州大学第一附属医院2008年 7月至2018年8月术后病理学检查证实为椎管内MS 患者5例,纳入标准:①术前行脊柱MRI平扫、增强检 查;②MRI检查前未行治疗。本研究符合《赫尔辛基 宣言》,且患者知情同意。1.2 MR检查方法:5例患者均在医院行脊柱MRI平 扫、增强检查,采用Siemens Skyra 3. 0T MR扫描仪, MR1平扫采用SE及TSE序列,常规横轴面、矢状面扫 描。T1WI: TR 620.0 ms, TE & 5 ms; T2WI: TR 2 500 ms,TE 115.0 ms;脂肪抑 制序列 T2 WI: TR 3 100 ms,TE 63. 0 mso 视野 24 cm x 24 cm,层厚 6 mm,层间距2 mm,层数20。增强扫描对比剂为轧喷 酸葡胺(Gd-DTPA),剂量0.2 mol/kg,行T1WI横轴 面、矢状面、冠状面扫描,扫描参数同平扫T1WI。1.3图像分析:由两位高年资放射诊断医师双盲独立 阅片,观察病变发生的部位和范围、椎管内位置、数量、 大小、形态、

边缘,

与椎间孔关系、

T1WI、

T2WI

上的信

号特点,强化特征,互相有分歧的经协商达成一致

2结果

本研究5例椎管内

MS

患者的临床资料见表

1,

MRI表现分析见表

2

。5例中发生在髓内

1

例,髓外硬

膜下2例,髓外硬膜内外

2例伴椎间孔受累

,其中1例

椎体及椎间孔骨质受累、

不完整。

单发病变者3

例,

发者2例。手术及病理显示:椎管内MS大体标本呈

黑色、棕褐色、蓝紫色等,沿神经根有包膜,血供较丰

富。光镜下可见梭形、

卵圆形细胞,

富含色素,部分伴

坏死,核分裂易见。免疫组化:低分子量角蛋白/高分

子量角蛋白 AE1/AE3 ( - )、S - 100( + )、SOX - 10 (-),胶质纤维酸性蛋白GFAP(-)、胞质表达黑色素

瘤相关抗原HMB45 ( Melanoma) ( + ),胞质表达黑色 素-A

Melan-A(

+)、上皮膜胶原 EMA(-)。

表1 5

例椎管内MS

患者一般临床特征与手术病理所见

序号性别年龄(岁)症状

病程(月)

手术病理所见

1女62

左上肢麻木、颈部疼痛3黑色,形状不规则,与周围组织粘连紧密,实质性,血供较丰富

2男

49双下肢麻木

、无力

3棕褐色,与硬膜囊边界清晰,沿神经根

3男49右侧臀部疼痛

1蓝紫色,多发肿瘤组织,质地柔软,血供较丰富

,起源于神经根

4男41

右下肢疼痛、麻木

0.8

灰黑色瘤体组织,质稍韧,有包膜,血供丰富,与脊髓粘连紧密

5男47四肢

躯干麻木

29多个黑色柏油状肿物,脊髓压迫严重

注:MS为色素性神经鞘瘤

表2 5例椎管内MS

患者MRI

表现

序号病变数量纵向范围轴向位置大小(mm)形态边缘与椎间孔 关系

11Cl -C2髓内18 xl4xl5椭圆形

光整无

21T6髓外硬膜内外

20 x36

x33

哑铃形光整穿过

34L2 -S2髓外硬膜下34x20x17椭圆形、结节样光整无41T8 ~T9髓外硬膜内外12x13x39不规则形模糊穿过52C2 ~C5、C6~7髓外影膜下67 x 15 x18 J8 x 12xl4椭圆形、结节样光整无MRI信号T1WIT2WI均匀强化髙信号混杂低信号不小囊状不强化等信号高信号是环状强化等、稍高信号混杂低信号不