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高一英语必修一1 5单元知识点高一英语必修一1-5单元知识点高一英语必修一1-5单元知识点unit1friendship1.begoodto对……亲善begoodfor对……有益;bebadto…/bebadfor…2.addup加起来增加addupto合计，总计add…to把……加到……3.not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”4.getsth/sbdone并使……顺利完成/并使某人被……5.calmdown平静下来6.beconcernedabout关心关注7.当while,when,before,after等鼓励的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以将从句中的主语和be动词省却。
whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotloose.8.cheatintheexam考试作弊9.gothrough经历;度过;获准，通过10.hideaway躲藏;隐藏11.setdown写下，记下12.iwonderif…..我不晓得是不是….12.onpurpose故意13.sthhappentosb某人发生某事sbhappentodosth某人碰巧做某事itsohappenedthat……正巧碰巧14.itisthefirst(second…)that…(从句谓语动词用现在顺利完成时)15.inone’spower处在……的掌控之中16.it’snopleasuredoing….搞…..没快感it’snogood/usedoingsth.搞某事就是没有好处/不行的17.shefounditdifficulttosettleandcalmdowninthehidingplace.it做形式宾语18.sufferfrom患…病;遭遇19.so…that…/such…thay…20.gettiredof….对…感到劳累疲惫21.havesometroublewithsb/sth.在……上碰到了麻烦22.getalongwithsb/sth.与某人相处23.ask(sb)foradvice.(向某人)征询建议24.make后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to的不定式、形容词、过去分词、名词等。
Something about MoviePropaganda n. 大肆宣传（贬义）Publicity n. 宣传Department of publicity 宣传部National image 国家形象Image n. 形象，头像Blockbuster n. 大片，引起轰动的人或事Oscar Award =Academy Award n. 奥斯卡奖AMPAS=academy of motion picture arts and science美国电影艺术科学院Action movie动作片Tragedy悲剧Comedy喜剧Science fiction科幻片Thriller恐怖片Musical音乐剧Cartoon卡通片Romance爱情片Documentary 纪录片Hero英雄，男主角Heroine 女英雄，女主角Box office票房Unit5 New WordsWeep=sob=cry +for /about为。
而哭泣Laugh and the world laughs with you ,weep and you weep alone .当你笑时整个世界随着你笑，当你哭时整个世界陪你的只有你自己。
Calculator n.计算器Calculate=count=figure out 计算Calculate on = count on =rely on = turn to指望abacas n.算盘Geometry n.几何学Algebra n.代数Mathematics n.数学Advantage mathematics 高数Package =parcel n.包裹Package（有序）= pack（无序）v.包装，捆A package of sh. =a box of 一盒Filter n. &v.过滤器，过滤The end of cigarettes can filter poisonous gas香烟尾部能过滤掉毒气Grateful=thankful a.感激的，感谢的Be grateful to sb.for sth.因某事而感激、感谢某人Ungrateful a.忘恩负义的Harden=strengthen v 1使。
大学英语1__unit5___知识点Unit 5 work to live or live to work precisely: adv.1. 精确地；恰恰- 每辆卡车装载的用品恰好是每个部队所需要的。
Every lorry indeed is packed with precisely the articles which each unit will require.2. 正是如此；的确是这样- —So you think it was a mistake?—Precisely.acquaintance: n.1相识的人；认识的人；泛泛之交- 我与他素昧平生。
(I have never made his acquaintance.)2. 了解；熟悉make sb.’s acquaintance 结识某人drop an acquaintance 断绝往来have a casual acquaintance 半生不熟renew an acquaintance 重建友谊CF: friend, mate, acquaintance & pal这些名词都有“朋友”之意。
friend 一般用词，指某人喜爱并乐意与之相交往的人。
例如：- I’ve known her for years, but she was never a friend. (我认识她多年了，但成不了朋友。
)mate 最普通用词，可与其他名词连用，构成如：classmate，desk mate，school mate等词。
既可指好友、同事，又可指合伙人，还可指配偶的一方。
例如：-The blackbird sat on the nest waiting for the return of her mate.-黑鹂在巢中等候其雄鸟归来。
acquaintance 指彼此相识，但交往不甚密切，相互间没有深厚情感的人。
例如：- He is an old acquaintance of my father. (他是我父亲的老相识。
Unit1-Unit5知识总结●“would like to do”表示“想做……” = want to do E.g. I would like/want to play basketball.我想打篮球。
Playing chess是动词-ing短语，用在is后面作表语动词-ing短语还可以作主语enjoy + doing形式●finish, keep, practise等+doing sth. work as——从事…工作E.g. He worked as a bus driver when he was 20. He is keen on running.●be in glasses = be wearing glasses 意思是“戴着眼镜”=I am wearing glasses舞者dance + r 演员act + or 招待员wait + er 工程师engine + er●表示“参加某一组织”，“代表某一队伍”时，常用介词on●one of + superlative（最高级）+ n.(plural)（名词复数），表示…中最（怎么样）的之一E.g. Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.●不定冠词●当第一次提及某人或某物时，在名词前使用a或an●当以辅音音素开头的单词时，前面用a E.g. a house, a useful book●当以元音因素开头的单词时，前面用an E.g. an apple, an hour●定冠词the●当我们再次提及到某人或某物时，在名词前用the●在表示独一无二的事时要用the●国家名和地名前面用the，例外：the UK, the USA●play the guitar, play volleyball 乐器前加the，球类前不加the●序数词前加the，三餐前不加the，指一家人前加the●many + C.修饰可数名词much + U. 修饰不可数名词●at the beginning of在…的开始at the end of在…的末尾in the middle在…中间●why not + do sth. = why don’t you do sth.●单数概念：one…the other…两者中的一个，另一个 E.g. I have two brothers. One is a doctor, andthe other is a teacher.●单数概念：one…another…三者或三者中的一个，另一个●复数概念：some…other + n.(pl.)一些…，另一些…（无明确范围）E.g. Some students come from Yuexiu, some are from Baiyun and others are from Panyu.●复数概念：some…the other + n.(pl.)一些…，另一些…（有明确范围）E.g. There are nine apples on the table. Some are red, the others are green.●一般现在时●频率副词通常位于：be动词，助动词，情态动词的后面，行为动词的前面。
大一英语八个单元知识点Unit 1: Introduction to English1. Pronunciation: Understanding the basic sounds and stress patterns of English.2. Grammar: Introduction to simple present tense, subject-verb agreement, and basic sentence structure.3. Vocabulary: Learning common English words and phrases.4. Reading: Familiarizing with short texts and improving reading comprehension skills.Unit 2: Personal Information1. Pronouns: Understanding and using personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, and reflexive pronouns.2. Verb Tenses: Learning present continuous tense, past simple tense, and comparative forms of adjectives.3. Vocabulary: Expanding vocabulary related to personal information, such as family, hobbies, and daily routine.4. Writing: Practicing writing a personal profile or a short paragraph introducing oneself.Unit 3: Education and Careers1. Modal Verbs: Understanding and using modal verbs to express ability, possibility, and necessity.2. Grammar: Learning past continuous tense, present perfect tense, and comparative forms of adverbs.3. Vocabulary: Acquiring words and phrases related to education, careers, and workplace.4. Reading: Reading texts about different educational systems and career opportunities.Unit 4: Daily Routines1. Adverbs of Frequency: Understanding and using adverbs of frequency to talk about habits and routines.2. Grammar: Learning future tenses, including simple future tense and going to future tense.3. Vocabulary: Expanding vocabulary related to daily routines, time expressions, and leisure activities.4. Listening: Listening to dialogues or recordings related to daily activities and schedules.Unit 5: Food and Nutrition1. Countable and Uncountable Nouns: Differentiating between countable and uncountable nouns and using appropriate quantifiers.2. Grammar: Introducing imperative sentences and the use of imperatives in giving instructions or making requests.3. Vocabulary: Learning food-related words, nutrition terms, and cooking methods.4. Speaking: Discussing food preferences, healthy eating habits, and sharing recipes.Unit 6: Travel and Transportation1. Prepositions: Understanding and using prepositions of place, time, and movement correctly.2. Grammar: Learning past perfect tense and conditional sentences.3. Vocabulary: Acquiring words and phrases related to travel, transportation, and tourist destinations.4. Writing: Describing a memorable trip or writing a travel itinerary.Unit 7: Health and Wellness1. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives: Understanding and using comparative and superlative forms of adjectives.2. Grammar: Introducing reported speech and transforming direct speech into reported speech.3. Vocabulary: Learning health-related words and phrases, medical terms, and symptoms.4. Reading: Reading articles or passages about healthy lifestyle choices, tips for staying fit, and common illnesses.Unit 8: Technology and Social Media1. Gerunds and Infinitives: Understanding the use of gerunds and infinitives as subjects, objects, or complements.2. Grammar: Learning conditional sentences, passive voice, and indirect questions.3. Vocabulary: Expanding vocabulary related to technology, social media, and communication.4. Listening: Listening to discussions or interviews about the impact of technology and social media on society.以上是大一英语八个单元的主要知识点。
现代大学英语精读1（第二版）unit1语法学习整理版Unit 1Close reading:1 clutch: vt. to hold sth. or sb. tightly, esp. because you are frightened, in pain, or do not want to lose something Synonymshold/ seize/ grip/ grasp/ grab/ snatchExamples:.Tom fell to the ground, clutching his stomach..A woman clutching a baby stole an elderly woman’s purse.clutch at: to try hard to hold sth., esp. when you’re in a dangerous situation Example:A drowning man will clutch at a straw.(to try hard to find a sign of hope or a solution, even when they are not likely to exist in a difficult or dangerous situation) clutching his right hand:present participle used to modify verb (walked), showing the manner in which the narrator walked Examples from the text:1). My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. (2)2). “I’m not punishing you,” he said, laughing. (4)3). The bell rang, announcing the passing of the day and the end of work. (17)2 as: “As” introduces an adverbial clause of reason.Example:As you weren’t there I left a message.As she’s been ill perhaps she’ll need some help.3 throw sb. into/out of a place:to force sb. to enter/leave aplaceExamples:They’ll throw me out (of school)if I fail three exams.Anyone who opposes the regime is liable to be thrown into jail/prison.lined with gardens/planted with crops, pears, and date palms: past participle phrase used here to modify “a street” and “fields” respectively.What is the language spoken in that area?They are problems left over by history.4 Why school?: elliptical questionWhy do I have to go to school?Father: We’ll go to Tianjin this weekend.Daughter: What for?(Why this weekend?/Why Tianjin?)What have I done?: rhetorical questionI don’t think I’ve done anythin g wrong to be punished like this.Rhetorical question—one that expresses strong feeling or opinion and doesn’t require an answer.Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers?Can’t you see I’m busy? (Don’t disturb me!)What good is a promise for an unemployed worker?Features: question form, definite answeroften used in argument and/or persuasion5 make… (out) of sb./sth.: to make sb./sth. become…The army made a man of him.Hardships help make a man of a boy.6 convince: vt. to make sb. feel certain that sth. is trueExamples:I couldn’t convince him of his mistake.I managed to convince them that the story was true.7there is no good/use to be had in doing sth. or it is no good/use doing sth.It’s no good crying over spilt milk.There is no good to be had in crying over spilt milk.tearing me away from /throwing me into: verbal noun as the object of the preposition1).We had difficulty in finding a parking lot.2). There’s no point in waiting.tear sb. away from: make sb. leave a placeCan’t y ou tear yourself away from the TV for dinner?8vast and full:adjective phrase modifies “the courtyard”1).There’s nothing wrong with the computer.2). Can you recommend some books easy for freshmen to read?3). It was a conference fruitful of results.Features: When used as an attribute modifier, adjective phrases are often placed after the noun.Cling(1)to hold tightly; to refuse to let go紧紧抓住或抱住e.g. The little girl clung to her mother. 小女孩紧紧抱住她的妈妈。
Unit 1Sentence Paraphrase and Language Study1.I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand. (1)present participle as adverbial modifier Paraphrase: I walked next to my father, holding his right hand.clutch (1)vt. to hold sth. or sb. tightly, esp. because you are frightened, in pain, or do not want to lose somethingExamples: Tom fell to the ground, clutching his stomach.A woman clutching a baby stole an elderly woman’s purse.clutch at (2)to try hard to hold sth., esp. when you’re in a dange rous situation Example: A drowning man will clutch at a straw. (to try hard to find a sign of hope ora solution, even when they are not likely to exist in a difficult or dangerous situation)2. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. (1)“As” introduces an adverbial clause of reason. Paraphrase: But my new clothes did not bring any happiness to me, because it was the day I was forced to go to school for the first time.Cf. to throw sb. out of (a place): to force sb. to leave a place, e.g.They will throw me out of school if I fail three times.Nick got thrown out of college in the second year for taking drugs.Anyone who opposes the regime is liable to be thrown into jail/prison.More examples:The moment I saw him, I recognized he was the criminal the police were looking for. The year I was born, my father was working towards a PhD degree.The day Hans Christian Andersen returned to his hometown, almost all the people turned out to greet him.3. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. (2)present participle phrase, acting as adverbial of accompanying circumstancesParaphrase: My mother stood at the window watching our slow and difficult movement towards the school, and I looked back at her frequently, hoping she would stop my father taking me to school.More examples:We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms. (2) past participle phrase used here to modify “a street” and “fields” respectively. It can be regarded as a relative clause cut short. Paraphrase: We walked along a street, on both sides of which there are gardens and fields where crops, pears and date palms are planted.What is the language spoken in that area? = that is spokenThey are problems left over by history. = which have been left4. It’s a place that makes useful men out of boys. to make sb./sth. become …Examples:The army made a man of him.The four brothers all made a success of their lives.He said the Government were frightened of nothing. The real trouble was that we were making a mountain out of a molehill (小题大做).5. I was not convinced. convince vt. to make sb. feel certain that sth. is true Examples:I couldn’t convince him of his mistake. How can I convince you of my sincerity?I managed to convince them that the story was true.a convincing argument convincing evidence6. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. (5)gerund as the object of the prepositiontear sb. away from: to (make sb.) leave a place unwillingly because one has to Paraphrase: I didn’t think it was useful to take me away from home and put me into that building with high walls.More examples:1) We had difficulty in finding a parking lot. 2) I have no objection to hearing your story again.3) I’m not keen on gambling. I’m too afraid of losing. 4) There’s no point in waiting.There’s no good to be had in doing sth.=It’s no good/use doing sth. or There is no good/use doing sth.: It’s not useful to do sth.Examples:It’s no good crying spilt milk. (proverb)It’s no use talking to him.There is no good to be had in buying a boat when you don’t have enough spare time to use it.I don’t see there is any good to be had in downsizing the company.Related phrases:it is no (not much) goodit is no (not any, hardly any, little) useit is useless + doingit is not the slightest useit is worth (worthwhile)there is no (good, use)Example: There is no good denying that women are playing an important role in the world today.to tear oneself/sb. away from: to (make sb.) leave a place or a person unwillingly because one has to.Examples:Can’t you tear yourself away from the TV for dinner?The young artist couldn’t tear himself away from da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.7. Vast (1)a. extremely large; spreading a great distanceExamples:The vast plains of this country spread for hundreds of miles.He is very valuable to his employer because of his vast experience in the business. vast (2)Examples:The group of actors was brought from New York to London at vast expense.The refugees came across the border in vast numbers.The vast majority of young people don’t take drugs.8. I hesitated and clung to his hand, …to hold tightly; not release one’s grip on Examples:The little child clung to his mother for comfort.Some of the victims of the fire climbed out of the building, clung to the window ledges for a minute or two and then dropped to their death a hundred feet below. Collocations:cling to the belief; cling to the hope; cling to one’s own viewcling to the habit; cling to one’s possessions9. You will find me waiting for you when it’s time to leave. (7) find + obj + v-ing (object complement)Paraphrase: I’ll come to fetch you when school is over. I’ll be waiting for you here at the gate.More examples:1) When I entered the room, I found him reading something aloud.2) I found a tree lying across the road.3) If she catches you reading her diary, she’ll be furious.4) His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.5) The words immediately set us all laughing.Note: Thi s structure is very common in verbs like “see, hear, feel, watch, notice.”10. Some of the children burst into tears.burst into:to begin, suddenly and/or violently, to cry, laugh, sing, etc. Example: Aunt Annabel, who has been nervous and jumpy lately, suddenly burst into tears.Collocations:As the comic got into his stride, the audience burst into hoots of laughter/a guffaw. The aircraft crashed into the hillside and burst into flames.The orchards seemed to have burst into blossom overnight.The entire hall burst into thunderous cheers/applause.Everyone on the bus burst into song as we got closer to home.Similar expressions:As they left the club the revellers broke into song/loud curses.I mentioned the incident later to a tailor friend and he burst out laughing/crying.11. … from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood. (11) Paraphrase:… on one side of the courtyard was a building with a long wood-roofed balcony on each floor where we could be seen. Or: … from the balcony on each floor of the building people could see the pattern into which we formed.overlook: vt. a. to have a view of sth. from above; b. to fail to see or notice; pay no attention toExamples:Our room overlooks the ocean. My garden is overlooked by the neighbours. I’m afraid I overlooked your name; I’ll add it to the list immediately.I’ll overlook your mistake this time.12. I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experience. Paraphrase: I had never thought life at school would be so colorful and interesting. variety (1) n. number or range of different thingsExamples:The T-shirts are available in a wide variety of colors.The students come from a variety of different backgrounds.variety (2) n. quality of not being the same, or not being the same at all times Examples:There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine.She didn’t like the work, because it lacked variety; she was doing the same things all the time.Variety is the spice of life. (=Doing a lot of different things, meeting different people, etc. is what makes life interesting.)Examples:1) Customs vary from country to country.2) Human nature, in all its many and varied forms, is very complex and hard to understand.3) Of all the various ways of cooking an egg, I like boiling best.4) There are wide regional variations in house price.5) There are too many variables in the experiment to predict the result accurately.6) Consumers’ preferences are so variable that planning is almost impossible.13. We saw a globe of the Earth, which revolved and ….v. a. to spin around or make sth. spin around, on a central point; b. (fig.) to think aboutExamples:The metal disc revolves at high speed. The earth revolves round the sun.The story revolves around a young girl who runs away from home.He revolved the matter in his head/mind.18. It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. (15)all: completely; fool around: to waste time instead of doing sth. that you should be doingParaphrase: What we did at school wasn’t just playing and wasting time doing nothing useful.a matter of: a subject/situation that involves sth.Examples:Learning is a matter of seeing much, suffering much and studying much.The King’s mental state was becoming a matter of c oncern.Personally I can’t stand rock music, but I suppose it’s all a matter of opinion.I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.fool around/about: to waste time behaving in a silly wayExamples:He spent the whole afternoon just fooling around.Stop fooling around otherwise you’ll never amount to anything.Cf. He noticed a strange-looking person hanging about the bus stop.I hung around the station for an hour but he never showed up.The children lingered on at the zoo until the closing time.14. Rivalries could bring about pain and hatred or give rise to fighting.bring about: to make sth. happenExamples:Computers have brought about many changes in workplace.I offered to act as mediator and try to bring about a reconciliation between the two parties.That unpopular measure finally brought about the downfall of the government.give rise to: to be the reason why sth. esp. sth. bad or unpleasant happens Examples:Two phenomena are giving rise to world-wide concern—mass unemployment and mass migration into cities.Most people argued that poverty had given rise to the crimes in the town.15. … she would resort to physical punishment.resort to: to make use of ; to turn to sth. (esp. sth. bad) as a solutionExamples:There is no righ t to resort to violence when you don’t get your way.Terrorists resorted to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims.Differences and disputes should be resolved through dialogue and negotiation rather than by resorting to force or terrorist actions.16. In addition, the time for changing one’s mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home. (16) no possibility of Paraphrase: Besides, it was impossible for us to quit school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and fooling around all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.There is no question (of sth. happening / sb. doing sth.): There is no possibility. Example: There is no question of their dismissing you at the moment.17. Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance. (16) Paraphrase: We would have to do our best and keep working very hard until we finished school. This is what I imagined our school days would be like. Or: The kind of life that was waiting for us at school would be full of exertion, struggle and perseverance.Nothing but: onlyRight now he thinks about nothing but his research. She ate nothing but an apple for lunch.18. Those who were (relative clause modifying “those”)able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness that presented themselves. (relative clause modifying “opportunities”) (16)Paraphrase: If there came opportunities, capable students would seize them to achieve success and happiness.take advantage of: to use a particular situation to do or get what you wantExamples: I took advantage of the weather to paint the shed.Don’t lend them the car—they’re taking advantage of you!More phrases:For certain types of work wood has/gains/wins advantages over plastic.New tax regulations had given them an advantage over their commercial rivals.You have the advantage of me. Candidates with computer skills will be at an advantage.Do take more exercise. It is to your advantage.present (1)v. (reflex) to appear; attendExamples:When the chance to study at Harvard presented itself, I jumped at it.He was ordered to present himself at the chairman’s office at nine o’clock next morning.present (2) v. a. to give; offer; put forward; submit; b. to show or reveal; c. to put on; produce (a play)Examples:David’s manager presented him with the award for best sales in the region.His sudden resignation presents us with a tricky situation.The National Theatre is presenting “King Lear” next month.19. I looked around bu t found no trace of my father.trace (1) n. a. a small sign that shows that sb.or sth. was present or existed; b. very small amountIt vanished/disappeared/without trace. Petra’s lost all trace of her German accent. Age has left its traces on his face. There are traces of poison in the man’s blood.A mere trace of smile passed over her face.trace (2)v. a. to follow the marks to find sb. or sth.; b. to find the origin of sth.c. to study or describe the history, development or progress of sth. Examples:She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter.The style of these paintings can be traced back to early medieval influences.His book traces the changing nature of the relationship between men and women. 20. How did these hills of rubbish find their way to cover its sides? (17)to arrive or get to a placeParaphrase: How did the street come to be covered with so much rubbish on both sides? Where did they come from?find one’s way to:to arrive or get to a placeExamples:After being lost for two days, the little dog finally found its way back to its owner’s house.Because of the dense fog, the traveller couldn’t find his way to his camp.Related phrases:make one’s way to/towards the door bow her way out of the roompush her way out of the hall shoulder her way through the crowdworm his way into the organization beg her way back homeinch one’s way up the mountain21. Here and there stood conjurers showing off their tricks or making snakes appear from baskets. (17) an inverted sentence due to long subjectParaphrase: Conjurers stood everywhere. They were showing off their tricks or making snakes appear from baskets.More examples: 1) There are some exceptions to this reaction.2) Were there no air on the earth, there would be no life on it. 3) There goes the bell.4) In no case should we waste our time. 5) Away hurried the customers.show off: a. to attract attention to; b. to try to impress people and make them admire your abilities, achievements or possessionExamples:It was said that Mrs. Perkins only went to church to show off her new clothes.She was always at any function or gathering where her accomplishments could be shown off.Pay no attention to Susan—she’s just showing off.22. Then there was a band announcing the opening of a circus, with clowns and weight lifters walking in front. (17) “With+n.+doing” construction is used adverbially modifying “announcing”.Paraphrase: Then there was a band that was announcing the opening of a circus. The clowns and weight lifters were walking in its front.More examples:1) He stood there with a stick in his hand. (with + n. + prep.)2) Paul soon fell asleep with the light still burning. (with + n. + participle)3) She can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. (with + n. + to do)4) He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. (with + n. + adv.)23. I was in a daze. n. a confused state of mind; v. to make (sb.) feel stupid or unable to think clearlyExamples: I’ve been wandering around in a daze all day.If someone gave you a heavy blow on the head, you would probably feel dazed.Dazed survivors staggered from the wreckage.24…, but the stream of cars would not let up.let up: a. to stop or become less strong or serious; b. to slacken one’s efforts Examples: When will the rain let up?Keep plodding away at your task, no matter how difficult it is; don’t let up on it.Unit 2Sentence Paraphrase and Language Study1．They were dreaming of golden beaches and sea tides as the grey, cold spring of New York vanished behind them.dream of/about: to imagine and think about sth. that you would like to happenExamples:1) The girl dreamed of becoming a movie star.2) Some thought it was the breakthrough scientists had dreamed of.3) He's got the sort of money that you and I can only dream about.vanish: v. to disappear suddenly, esp. in a way that cannot easily be explained Examples:1) I turned around again, the boy had vanished.2) It is a bad idea to let Tom Cruise vanish for almost an hour in the middle of his picture.3) Many species in South America have vanished completely.Cf. varnish, tarnish, furnishvarnish: to cover with 给······涂清漆1) He varnished the wooden table. 2) After he fixed the shelf, he varnished the whole to a high shine.tarnish: (esp. of metal surfaces) to lose; cause the loss of brightness （尤指金属表面）使失去光泽1) The damp atmosphere has tarnished the gilt. 2) His reputation is tarnished. furnish: to supply or provide; put furniture in1)The records furnished the information required.2)The president’s office is tastefully furnished with modern furniture.2. As the bus passed through New Jersey, …pass through: to go through a town, etc., perhaps stopping there for a short time, but not stayingExamples:1) As they passed through the flooded areas, they felt bad.2) We passed through the gates into a courtyard behind.3) We were just passing through (= travelling through a place) and thought we'd drop in to see you.pass (a place): to go past a place without enteringExamples:1) On her way to work she passed a supermarket. 2) We passed a group of students outside the theatre. 3) I pass the sports centre on the way to work.3. His fingers were stained from cigarettes …stain:v. a. to accidentally make a mark on sth. esp. one that cannot be removed; b. to change the color of sth., especially sth. made of wood, by using a special liquid (Syn. dye)Examples:1) This tablecloth stains very easily. 2) Her fingers were stained yellow from years of smoking.3) Stain the table before you varnish it.Collocations:stain sb.’s name/reputation/honor; stain with; leave a stain; blood/ink/wine stain; a stain on sb.’s character/reputation; remove/get rid of a stain; stubborn stainsExamples:1) A sudden gust of rain dashed against the red bricks that were already stained inpatches by water.2) Her fingers were stained with dirt, her nail varnish chipped.3) How do you get wine stains out of a tablecloth? 4) There was a dark red stain on the carpet.5) Water is a miraculous substance remover; it will remove probably 85 percent of all stains.5. He sat in complete silence and seemed completely unaware of the existence of the others.in+n.: to show a state or conditionunaware of: not knowing or realizing that sth. is happening or that sth. exists Paraphrase: He sat without saying anything as if he did not know there were other people around.4. …, the bus pulled into a Howard Johnson’s restaurant ….pull into: (of a vehicle) to arrive at (a station); move in towardsExamples:1) They will pull into the station at 7 sharp. 2) Let’s pull into the parking lot and have a rest.3) The train pulled into the station on the stroke of 12.Opposite—pull out:if a train pulls out, it leaves a stationExamples:1) The three-thirty is pulling out of platform four. 2) We got there just as the train was pulling out.7. The young people began to wonder about him, ….wonder about/at: to feel curious about; be doubtful aboutExamples:1) John says he didn’t do it, but I am still wondering about that.2) Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour.3) He wondered at her ability never to reveal the slightest disquiet in front of her husband.5.… she decided to engage him in a conversation.engage sb. in: to make sb. take part in sth.Examples:1) She tried to engage her roommate in a philosophical discussion.2) They spoke little about life outside the organization despite my efforts to engage them in conversation about it.3) They engaged him in a new project.6.The girl insisted that he join them. (Para. 5) subjunctive mood, "should" isdropped outinsist: demand that sth. should happenAfter the verbs expressing a command, decision, suggestion, such as decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote, advise, determine, desire, resolve, urge, etc, in that-clause we usu. use subjunctive mood “(should) do sth.”.More examples in ppt.7. He thanked her and retreated again into his silence.retreat into/to: to yield; move back toExamples:1) The soldiers were ordered to retreat to safer positions.2) At last we forced the enemy to retreat into the mountains from the town.3) More and more she retreated into books.Collocations:retreat into oneself 不与人交往，离群索居retreat into one’s shell 变得缄默，不愿与人接触retreat into fantasy 退避到梦幻世界8．…, and that if she can’t stand it, …stand: v. a. to bear, tolerate; b.to be or stay in a particular state or condition; c.to be proved to be true, correct, useful, etc. when testedcan't stand the heat (room)stand idle stand wear and tear (door)stand open stand up under close scrutiny stand up well to cross-checking Patterns：can't stand (sb./sth.) doing sth.can't stand to do sth.can't stand the sight/thought, etc. ofExamples: I can't stand people smoking around me when I'm eating.She can't stand to hear her parents arguing about her personal affairs.I know he can't stand the sight of me. She couldn't stand the thought of losing her children.a music stand乐谱架 a fruit stand水果摊 a stand for taxi出租汽车停车处make one’s stand clear表明立场come to a stand陷于停顿international stand国际地位standing committee/army常务委员会／常备军standing joke／jest老笑话take/make/mount a stand against sth. 反抗，抵抗9. She’s a wo nderful woman, really something—and forget about me.something: n. a thing or a person of some value or importanceExamples: He considers himself to be something, but actually he is nothing.She thinks she’s something since she won the beauty contest. Collocations: make something of yourself (= to become successful )be (really/quite) something(= spoken used to say that something is very good and impressive)there's something in/to something(= used to admit that someone's words are true or their ideas are successful, etc.)Examples: He looked like a man who might be able to make something of himself if a good woman took him in hand.Running your own company at 21 is really something.They had to concede that there was something in his teaching methods.forget about: a. to lose remembrance of; fail to keep in memory; fail to recall; b. to stop thinking or worrying about someone or something; c. not to care about or give attention to someone or something any longerExamples: She forgot all about their anniversary.Once they have money, some people forget about all their old friends.I'd completely forgotten about our bet until Bill reminded me.10. …, when I was sure the parole was coming through I wrote her again.come through: to arrive as expectedExamples: Has the train come through?We're still waiting for our exam results to come through.There is news just coming through of an explosion in a chemical factory.11. ... Soon all of them were caught up in the approach of Brunswick, looking at the pictures Vingo showed them of his wife and three children.be/get caught up in: to be completely absorbed in or get involved inExamples:I was caught up in conversation with a friend when someone knocked at the door.I am painfully aware of how we get caught up in our times and become contaminated by our own hypocrisy.I didn't want to get caught up in endless petty arguments.approach: v. to move towards or nearer to someone or somethingExamples: I heard footsteps approaching.Everyone prepared celebrations as the year 2000 approached.As I approached the forest, a hare ran out of the trees.Translation: He is hard to approach. 他很难接近。
2021高一英语Book 1 1-5模块知识点归纳Book 1 Module 1 My First Day at Senior High SUM UPLANGUAGE TIPS1. impress【归纳】impress是动词，意为：①给……留下深刻印象，使印象深刻，使铭记（常用结构：impress sb.，be impressed by / at / with，sth. be impressed on / upon one’s memory / mind）；②使意识到（重要性或严重性等）（常用结构：impress upon / on sb. sth.）。
如：The film we saw last night impressed me very much. We were very impressed by / at / with the standard of work.His words are strongly impressed on / upon my memory / mind.He impressed upon / on us the need for immediate action. 【拓展】impression n. 印象make / leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象。
如：His trip to India made a strong impression on him.2. take part in【归纳】take part in意为“参加，参与”，后面不接宾语时，介词in需要省略。
如：How many countries will be taking part in the World Cup? The meeting was held, and thousands of teachers wanted to take part.【辨析】take part in, join & join in★take part in侧重参加会议或群众性活动等，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。
大学英语专业精读教材第一单元课文内容及翻译《Half a Day》一、①I walked alongside my father ,clutching his right hand.（走在父亲的身旁，我紧紧地抓住他的右手）②All my clothes were new : the black shoes , the green school uniform ,and the red cap.（那时，我穿着黑鞋子，绿校服，戴着红帽子，它们都是新的。
）③They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for first time.（然而，因为今天是我第一次被送去上学，所以这些衣服并没有给我带来一丝快乐。
）二、①My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help.（母亲站在窗前望着我们缓缓前行，我也不时地回头看她，希望会从她那里得到帮助。
）②We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms.（我们沿着街道走着，街道两旁是花园和田野，田野里栽满了梨树和椰枣树。
）三、①“Why school ?”I asked my father .“What haveI done ?”（“我为什么要去上学？”我问父亲，“是我做错了什么吗？”）四、①“I’m not punishing you,”he said ,laughing.“School’s not a punishment. It’s a place that makes useful men out ofboys. Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers?”（“我不是在惩罚你，”父亲笑着说道，“上学不是一种惩罚。
Unit 1average: （a.）ordinarymen of average ability能力普通的人(n.)平均数An average of 10 students were absent each day.“an average of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数“the average of +复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数The average of these numbers is 50.necessarily(ad.): inevitably 必定地，必要地The old do not necessarily know more than the young.未必，不一定(adj.)necessary必要的，必须的which has to be doneit’s necessary for sb. to do sth.某人有必要做某事，不能按汉语意思用“人“作主语it’s necessary + that 从句时，从句谓语用“should +动词原形”It’s necessary that he (should)buy a dictionary.Suggest that sb (should) do sth.Suggest doing sth.His expression suggests that he is tired.(=indicate)case: actual condition实情Is it the case(=Is it true) that you have lost all your money? in case: （1）如果，万一（表示条件）；（2）以防，免得（表示目的）在此两种情况下，要表示将来通常用一般现在时而非一般将来时。
Take an umbrella, in case it rains.In case he comes, let me know.In case of fire, ring the bell.万一，以防in the case of至于，就….来说in any case无论如何in no case决不additional(a.): added, extraaddition(n.) in addition to 除…以外In addition to lending me his typewriter, he taught me how to use it.aside(adv.): to the side在旁边aside from除…外= apart fromAside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.assignment (c. n.): sth given out as a task任务，工作He was sent abroad on a difficult assignment.执行任务(v.)assign指派某人作某事（可接双宾语，也可在直接宾语前用介词to）assign sb. sth. = assign sth. to sb.给某人分配某物The boss assigned him (to) an important task.(assign sb.(to)sth.)These rooms have been assigned to us.occupy:(1)占用，占据，充满（被占据的东西作其宾语）His books occupy a lot of space.Many cares and anxieties occupied his mind.（2）使忙于occupy oneself in doing sth( with sth.)/ be occupied in doing sth./ with sth.The newcomers were occupied in writing letters home. (adj.)occupied忙的（其前习惯上不用very 修饰，用fully, wholly, busily, solely）She is fully occupied with three small children.hobby:业余爱好(c.n.)(多指业余时间培养起来的并需一定专业只是积累的个人爱好，一般是健康的，有益的) Everyone should have a good hobby.My hobby is that I collect stamps.(false)collecting(to collect) stamps从逻辑上说，“我的爱好”应该是collecting stamps这件事情，而不是that I collect stamps（我集邮）这件事情。
Starter Unit 11. Morning 指从早晨到中午12点以前的这段时间。
Evening 指晚上，通常为黄昏到入睡之间，即晚上6点到12点。
Night 指夜里，通常为夜晚或夜里就寝前的一小段时间，即9点以后。
Good morning! 早上好！Good afternoon! 下午好！Good night! 晚上好2. How are you? 你好吗？用于熟人之间的问候语，只是一种礼貌的问候方式，用来询问对方的身体状况。
回答用”I’m fine , thanks.”How do you do ？你好吗？用于第一次见面的两个人，互相问候时应用How do you do ?回答也用How do you do ?----How do you do ?----How do you do ?3. Thank you! 谢谢你！当别人帮助，关心，问候，祝福我们时，应用Thank you ；当得到对方的称赞，夸奖时也用Thank you.Starter Unit 21. This 是指示代词，可单独使用，指离说话人较近的人或物。
That 指离说话人较远的人或物。
2. a/an 为不定冠词常见用法：①表示数量“一”a pen 一支钢笔an apple 一个苹果注：an 用于元音前,元音包括5个：（A E I O U ）②泛指某人或某物，不是具体说明A girl is over there. 一个女孩在那边。
③在叙述时第一次提到某人或某物She is a teacher. 她是一个老师。
3. Spell it , please. 请拼写它。
请求对方拼写某一词语的句型还有：① How do you spell it? 你怎么拼写它? 回答可以直接写出：P-E-N.② Can you spell it, please?由can引导的一般疑问句，应先用Yes或 No进行肯定或否定回答后，才能拼写。
Can you spell it please?Yes, I can. P-E-N.请问你能拼写它吗?是的，我能。
大学英语教材第一册笔记Unit 1: Greetings and IntroductionsIn this unit, we learned basic greetings and introductions in English. We practiced using common phrases such as "Hello", "How are you?", and "Nice to meet you". These expressions are essential when meeting new people and starting conversations. It is important to pay attention to intonation and pronunciation to sound natural. We also discussed cultural differences in greetings and politeness between different countries.Unit 2: Numbers and TimeUnit 2 introduced numbers and time expressions. We learned how to count from one to a hundred, and practiced telling time using both the 12-hour and 24-hour clock systems. It is essential to master these concepts for everyday communication, whether it be making appointments or asking for directions. We also practiced writing dates in different formats and learned how to say the date correctly.Unit 3: Family and DescriptionsIn Unit 3, we focused on describing our family members and personal appearance. We learned vocabulary related to family members such as parents, siblings, and grandparents. Additionally, we studied adjectives to describe physical appearance, personality traits, and emotions. A good understanding of these words helps us to communicate effectively when introducing ourselves or discussing our families.Unit 4: Food and DrinksUnit 4 delved into the topic of food and drinks. We expanded our vocabulary by learning the names of common foods, fruits, vegetables, and beverages. We also practiced ordering food at a restaurant and asking for recommendations. Learning the proper pronunciation and intonation for these words is crucial to avoid misunderstandings when communicating with English speakers in a culinary setting.Unit 5: Daily RoutinesIn Unit 5, we focused on daily routines and activities. We learned vocabulary related to different parts of the day, such as morning, afternoon, and evening. We also practiced using verbs to describe our daily activities, such as waking up, having breakfast, going to school, and so on. These phrases are essential for expressing our daily schedules and communicating our routines to others.Unit 6: Weather and SeasonsUnit 6 introduced weather-related vocabulary and expressions. We studied different types of weather conditions, such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, and snowy. Additionally, we learned how to talk about seasons and describe the climate in various regions. Discussing the weather is a common topic in daily conversations, and mastering these phrases will help us engage in small talk and express our preferences.Unit 7: Transportation and DirectionsIn Unit 7, we covered vocabulary related to transportation and directions. We learned words for different modes of transportation, such as cars, buses, trains, and planes. Furthermore, we practiced giving and followingdirections using key phrases like "turn left," "go straight," and "it's on the right." These skills are crucial for navigating in a new city or asking for directions when traveling.Unit 8: Hobbies and Leisure ActivitiesIn Unit 8, we discussed hobbies and leisure activities. We learned vocabulary related to various hobbies, such as reading, painting, playing sports, and playing musical instruments. We also practiced discussing our preferences and expressing our opinions about different leisure activities. Engaging in conversations about hobbies not only helps us connect with others but also expands our vocabulary and fluency in English.Unit 9: Health and WellnessUnit 9 focused on health and wellness-related topics. We learned vocabulary related to different body parts, common illnesses, and symptoms. Additionally, we practiced expressing our concerns and seeking medical advice. Understanding health-related terms can be useful when discussing personal well-being, making doctor's appointments, or seeking assistance in emergency situations.Unit 10: Holidays and CelebrationsIn the final unit of the first textbook, we explored holidays and celebrations. We learned vocabulary related to different festivals and cultural traditions. Furthermore, we discussed customs and practices associated with various holidays, such as Christmas, New Year, and birthdays. Understanding different celebrations and traditions enables us to appreciate diversity and engage in cross-cultural communication.These are the key topics and concepts covered in Unit 1 to 10 of the first textbook. By mastering the vocabulary, expressions, and grammar introduced in these units, we have laid a solid foundation for further studies in the English language. Continuous practice and application of these skills will enhance our overall proficiency and confidence in using English in various contexts.。
超级实用的大一精读重点Unit 7Text I The Fun They HadI. Words and ExpressionsL1. head/ / v.(1) to be at the top of; to provide a heading for 位于…上面，给…加标题*be headed…— if a page is headed with a particular name, title, image etc, it has it on the top The memorandum was headed “Confidential.”The page was headed “Expenses”.The chapter was headed “My Early Life”.(2) to lead; to be at the front of; to be in charge of 带领，居…之首；主管，领导The president’s car headed the procession.The sales director heads a team of 20 representatives.The Commission of Inquiry headed by the president of the Board of Trustees is investigating the case.(3) to move in a certain direction 朝着…行进Where are you guys heading/headed?We headed south towards the capital.The ship was heading for Cuba.L6. crinkly/ ●? / a. having many thin folds; (of hair) curly 起皱的，多皱纹的；（头发）卷曲的The paper was brown and crinkly at the edges.The leaves turned brown and crinkly.My shirts were all crinkly when I got them out of the suitcase.She looked fondly at his crinkly face.He had blue eyes and crinkly fair hair.L6. awfully/ ●? / ad. veryIt’s awfully cold in here. Is the heater on?It’ awfully noisy. Can we close the door?Once I was outside, I suddenly felt awfully tired.L7. still/ ● / a. not moving; staying in the same position 静止的，不动的Keep still while I tie your shoe.We stood still and watched as the deer came closer.Percy was so thrilled he could hardly sit still.L10. gee/ / interj. [infml. esp. AmE] an expression of surprised; used to show that you are surprised or annoyed （表示惊讶或烦扰）哎呀！哇！Aw, gee, Mom, do we have to go?Gee, I like your new hat!L10. be through (with sb./sth.)(1) to have finished doing sth. or using sth. 做完，用完，看完When will you be through with your work?I’m just about half-way through.The novel is a delight. I am only about two thirds through.I’m not through just yet— I should be finished in an hour.I need to use the computer when you’re through.(2) to no longer have a relationship with sb. 与某人关系结束，不再来往That’s it! Simon and I are through.I’m through with you!Do what you like. We are through.L11, 12. throw sth. away(1) to get rid of sth. that you do not want or need 扔掉，抛弃You should throw away all those old clothes you never wear.I shouldn’t have thrown away the receipt.(2) to lose by foolishness; to waste 浪费掉，错过This could be the best chance you’ll ever have. Don’t throw it away!L12. be good for…— to be useful or suitable for…对…有用，适合于…Publicity is no good for my business, especially when its bad publicity.Fresh fruit and vegetables are good for you.Watching too much TV isn’t good for you.L17. attic/ / n. a space or room under the roof of a house often used for storing things （屋顶下的）阁楼，顶楼An unvented attic can be 10 to 20 degrees warmer than outside in winter.All these hazards, winter and summer, are the reasons an attic should be well ventilated.The single studio was extremely primitive, consisting of an attic room with two microphones, one turntable and a mixer.L20. scornful/ ● / a. showing great disrespect for sb. or sth. 鄙视的，轻蔑的He was scornful of the women’s movement.How can you put up with his scornful remark?Her scornful smile hurt him.*scorn / / v. to show that you think that sth. is stupid, unreasonable, or not worth accepting 鄙视；n. the feeling that sb. or sth. is stupid or does not deserve respect 轻蔑，蔑视Many women scorn the use of make-up.She scorned all our offers of help.He scorned to hide away like a coward.He felt scorn for his working-class parents.Rachel looked at me with scorn.L22. mechanical/ ● / a.(1) worked by machines（有关）机械的，由机械制成的The plane had to make an emergency landing because of mechanical problems.The flight has been canceled due to mechanical failure.What’s this mechanical device used for?That factory manufactures a variety of mechanical products.Being a mechanical genius, that man is at home in mechanical applications.(2) (done) without thought or feeling; (done) from habit rather than will 机械似的，呆板的，习惯性的He was asked the same question so many times that the answer became mechanical.He greeted me in a mechanical way by using mechanical compliments.L24. sorrowfully/ ●? / ad. very sadly 悲伤地“A lot of damage has already been done,” he said sorrowfully.She is weeping sorrowfully.The woman cried sorrowfully for her misfortune.The girl said sorrowfully that she had been deceived.L24-25. send for— to ask or order sb. to come by sending them a message 要求或指示将…送到，使…来到Get back into bed. I’ll send for the doctor.I sent for someone to repair the TV.Send for your free sample today!I’ve sent for help.The women refused to cooperate with store detectives, and we had to send for the police.L26. dial/ ● /(1) n. the round part of a clock, watch, machine etc that has numbers that show you the time or ameasurement （钟表等的）针盘，钟面，表面，（仪表等的）刻度盘I bought an alarm clock with a luminous dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.Sundial was a device used in former times to show the time by means of a pointer whose shadow moves as the sun moves across the sky.She looked at the dial to check her speed.(2) v. to make a telephone call (to) by using a dial or similar apparatus 拨电话（号码），拨打（电话）Put in the money before dialing.How do I dial London?Dial the operator first if you want to call long distance in the hotel room.The area code is only used when dialing from one region to another.When you make a telephone call to the U.S. through IDD in China, you should dial 001 plus the area code plus the local number.Before you can explore a website your computer you have to dial up to the network.In case of emergency, dial 110/911/999.This is an extension line. You have to dial 1 first, and when you hear the dial/dialing tone, you can dial a local number.L27. take sth. apart—to separate sth. into all its different parts 拆开某物Tom was always taking things apart in the garage.The police took his house apart looking for possible clues after she vanished from a leisure centre car park.You build these wee engines and take them apart.Take the watch apart and see if you can see what’s wrong with it.L29. …or so— about; or more 大约，…左右（表示含糊的或不确定的量）We have to leave in five minutes or so.I stopped reading after thirty or so pages.There were twenty or so.We stayed for an hour or so.L31. slot/ ?●?? / n.(1) a long narrow hole in a surface, that you can put sth. into （可投入东西的）狭孔，狭槽I dropped a coin in the slot and dialed the number.The disk goes into this slot here.The message was placed in every employee’s mail slot.(2) an assigned place and time in a sequence or schedule 为某人或某事安排的位置或时间We’ve found a slot for a talk on the economy.A new comedy is scheduled for the 9 p.m. time slot.He’s been given a regular ten-minute slot on the radio.L32. punch/ /(1) v. to make a hole in sth., using a metal tool or other sharp object 打孔，剪洞The guard punched my ticket and I got on.These bullets can punch a hole through 20 mm steel plate.The ticket-collector punched my ticket / punched a hole in m ticket.(2) v. to hit (sb. or sth.) hard with the fist 用拳头猛击The robber punched her and knocked her teeth out.He punched the man in the chest / on the nose.(3) n. a metal tool for cutting holes 打孔器，票剪The conductor has a ticket punch in her hand.(4) n. a quick strong blow made with the fist 用拳打，殴打The two men started throwing punches (=trying to hit each other).I managed to land a punch on his chin.He gave that man a punch on the nose.L33. code/ / n.(1) a system of words, letter, numbers, etc., used instead of ordinary writing, esp. to keepmessages secret 密码，编码，代码*a punch code— a computer system of words, letters, numbers, etc. 计算机代码*break/crack a code (=manage to understand a code) 破解密码All reports must be sent in code.They didn’t reali z e that we’d broken their secret code.We’ve broken/cracked their code! (=learn how to read it)I don’t understand this message written in code.(2) set of moral principles accepted by society or a group of people 道德准则*code of conduct/behaviour 行为准则*code of ethics / moral code 道德准则*code of practice 行业规则As we shall see later, legislative backed codes of conducthave been adopted to deal with the problem.It ran contrary both to his upbringing and personal code of behaviour that men should show emotion.L34. calculate/ ??●● / v. to find sth. out by using mathematics or numbers 计算，推算，估算These instruments calculate distances precisely.I’m trying to calculate how much money we need.They use a computer to calculate the cost of wages as a percentage of the company’s income. The experts calculate that the market for these computers will expand by 50% in the next three year.The scientists calculated when the spacecraft would reach the moon.L34. in no time— very quickly or soon, esp. in a way that is surprising 极快，立刻，马上We’ll be there in no time.We’ll have leak fixed in no time.L35-36. take sth./sb. away— to remove sb. or sth., or to make sth. disappear 移开，使消失She whisked the tray off the table and took it away.He was taken away to begin a prison sentence.This should take some of the pain away.Nothing can take away the anguish of losing a child.Anxiety has taken away his appetite.L38. superior/ ??◆ / a.(1) [derog] (as if) thinking oneself better than others [贬义] 有优越感的，高傲的，傲慢的He smiled a superior smile as he drove past in his expensive new car.She had that superior tone of voice.(2) better, more powerful, more effective etc. than others 更好的*superior to…—better than…Fletcher’s superior technique brought him victo ry.Your computer is far superior to mine.He loves making fun of women. It makes him feel superior.She always acts so superior to everyone else.The enemy forces were superior in numbers.(3) of higher rank or class 上级的，级别或地位更高的I’ll report you to your superior officer!Don’t you usually salute a superior officer ?She works well with those superior to her in the firm.*superiority / ??◆; ?◆ / n. state of being superior 优越，优胜；an attitude that shows you think you are better than other people 傲慢，优越感The organization has a technical superiority over its rivals.Janet always spoke with an air of superiority.L40. loftily / ●●? / ad. haughtily; in a manner that shows one is better than other people 高傲地，傲慢地That man behaves loftily and turns down any request for help.When I asked for help, he just smiled loftily and turned away.*lofty / ● / a.(1) showing that one thinks one is better than other people 高傲的，傲慢的She has such a lofty manner.She said that in a lofty manner / with a lofty smile.(2) (of ideas, feelings, aims, etc.) of unusually high moral quality （理想、情感、目标等）高尚的，崇高的He had set himself the lofty goal of reaching the world’s top five.She has lofty ideals of equality and social justice.He set himself lofty goals.L48. smart/ / a.(1) [esp. AmE] clever, bright; good or quick in thinking聪明伶俐的，思想敏捷的If he’s as smart as he says, why did the cops catch him?The smart kids get good grades and go off to college.Kelly wasn't sure if she was smart enough to go to law school.(2) [esp. BrE] neat and stylish in appearance 整洁漂亮的，时髦的，洒脱的You look very smart in that new shirt.Dressed in a smart, grey suit and black tie, he looked very happy.(3) being or used by very fashionable people 时髦人士（用）的，讲究时髦的They were very smart women in suits and soft draped dresses.He had used the money to hire smart clothes for his wedding.L50. dispute/ ◆?? /(1) v. to question or doubt the truth of sth.; argue (about sth.), esp. angrily and for a long period （尤指生气地长时间地）争论，辩论，争执The two governments disputed (over) the ownership of the territory.The question was hotly disputed in the Senate.The researchers dispute among themselves over the value of experiments where animals need tobe used.(2) v. to disagree about or question the truth or correctness of 反对，辩驳，对…表示怀疑The main facts of the book have never been disputed.Few would dispute that travel broadens the mind.He disputed the minister’s figures — the true cost of the project is much higher.(3) n. (an) argument or quarrel, esp. an official one between one group or organization andanother 辩论，争端，纠纷There has been much dispute over the question of legalized abortion.The miners were in dispute with their employers over pay.This question is still in/under dispute. (=being argued about) They claim to provide the best service in the business, but I think that’s open to dispute. (=can be questioned)She is beyond all dispute/without dispute (=undoubtedly) the best chemist in the firm.L57. adjust// v.(1) to alter (sth.) slightly so that it will fit or be right for use 校正，调准，调整*adjust sth. to…The desks and seats can be adjusted to the height of any child.You can’t see through a telescope unless it is adjusted correctly to your sight.You can adjust the color on the TV by turning this knob.Check and adjust the brakes regularly.(2) to change slightly in order to make suitable for a particular purpose or situation; to graduallybecome familiar with a new situation （使）适应*adjust (oneself) to…Have you adjusted (yourself) to the heat of Guangzhou?The body quickly adjusts (itself) to the changes intemperature.The former president still has difficulty in adjusting to civilian life.They’ll soon settle in— kids are very good at adjusting.It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust to the darkness.My parents had trouble adjusting to living in an apartment.L57. fit/ / v. to be suitable (for)（使）符合，（使）适合Her experience and abilities fit her admirably for the job / to do the job.Scientists often select facts to fit their theories.The punishment should fit the crime.I couldn’t find a key which fitted the lock.I wanted to put the wardrobe behind the door, but I don’t think it’ll fit.L65. nonchalant/ ●???/ a. behaving calmly and not seeming interested in anything or worried about anything 若无其事的，漠不关心的，冷淡的“Has he got a girlfriend?” Jill aske d, trying to sound nonchalant.Perkins was nonchalant about being chosen.When Peter came in, she glanced up, trying to appear nonchalant.“I’m sorry I’m so late. Have you been waiting long?” he asked. She gave a nonchalant shrug.*nonchalantly ad.He walked nonchalantly to the door.*nonchalance n.She received the prize with an air of nonchalance.Beneath his apparent nonchalance he is as nervous and excited as the rest of us.L65. whistle/ ● / v.(1) to make a high or musical sound by blowing air out through one’s lips 吹口哨She whistled to her dog and it came running.The referee whistled and the game began.He whistled a tune as he strolled down the corridor.I heard this song on the radio and I've been whistling it all day.Adam whistled happily on his way to work.Fans yelled and whistled when the band came on stage.(2) to move quickly, making a whistling sound 呼啸着前进Bullets were whistling overhead.They listened to the wind whistling through the trees.L66. tuck/ / v.(1) to put sth. into a small space, esp. in order to protect, hide, carry or hold it 将某物藏到…下面，把…收藏到…He tucked the newspaper under his arm and walked on.Tuck that money into the top of your sock for safekeeping.He took the glasses off and tucked them in his pocket.(2) to take the edge or end of (a garment, piece of material, etc.) and put or push it into a desiredor convenient position, usu. a narrow space 把…的端部或边缘塞进…，叠拢或卷起（使之看不见或固定）Jack tucked his shirt in.Tuck your shirt into your trousers.Tuck your trousers into your boots.She tucked an unruly lock of hair behind her ear.L70. regular/ ●? / a.(1) happening, coming, or doing sth. again and again at thesame times each day, week, etc. 定期的，习惯性的，常例的he company holds regular meetings with employees.We meet on a regular basis.They keep regular hour. (=get up and go to bed at the same times each day)His breathing was slow and regular.(2) happening or appearing with the same amount of time or space between each one and thenext; not varying 规则的，有规律的His pulse is not very regular.The regular tick of the clock made me awake.(3) happening or doing sth. very often 经常的He’s one of the bar’s regular customers.I’m a regular reader of this newspaper.*irregular a. (of shape) having different-sized parts; uneven; not level 参差不一的，不规则的；(of time) at unevenly separated points; not equal （时间）间隔不一致的，没有定规的He’s receiving medication for an irre gular heartbeat.I recognized the doctor’s messy, irregular handwriting.I don’t like working such irregular hours.L72. fraction/ / n.(1) a division or a part of a whole number in mathematics; a part of a whole number inmathematics, such as ? or ? （数学中的）分数，小数*proper fraction n. a fraction such as ?, in which the number above the line is smaller than the one below it 真分数and ? are proper fractions.*improper fraction n. a fraction such as 107/8 in which the top number is larger than the bottom number 假分数107/8 is an improper fraction.(2) a very small piece or amount 小部分，少量When the factory closed, the machinery was sold off for only a fraction of its true value.The car missed me by a fraction of an inch.I got these shoes at a fraction of the original price.She paused for a fraction of a second.L71. light (sth.) up — to give light to a place or to shine light on sth.; to become bright with light or colour 照亮，点燃，开着，使生辉，增辉，增色The flames lit up the sky.The fountain is lit up at night.He lit (up) a cigarette.The candles on the Christmas tree lit up the room.As the screen lit up, he typed in his password.At night the harbour lights up.The stage was lit up by several powerful sportlights.Suddenly, a smile lit up her face when she heard the news.Her face lit up with joy when she saw him coming.L71-72. addition/ / n.(1) the process of adding numbers or amounts to make a total （数学上的）加法，加You can have the computer to do the addition.(2) something added 增加物Additions are made to the list from time to time.This excellent book will be a welcome addition to the library of any student.L72. insert/ / v. to put sth. inside or into sth. else 插入，放进His hand shook slightly as he inserted the key into the lock.Insert the correct coins, then select the drink you want and press the button.A nurse carefully inserted the needle into my left arm.Insert your fingers between the layers and press them apart.L73. sigh/ /(1) n. a slow deep breath with a sound expressing sadness, tiredness, or satisfaction 叹息声，叹气声We all heaved / let out / made / breathed a sigh of relief when we heard that they were safe. She let out a sigh of impatience.Laura shrugged, and gave a heavy sigh.“Oh no!” he said with a sigh, “Not again!”(2) v. to let out a deep breath slowly and with a sound, usu. expressing sadness, tiredness, orsatisfaction 叹息，叹气She sighed with relief / despair.He thought of all the opportunities he had missed, and sighed.He sighed with despair at the thought of all the opportunities he had missed.Frankie stared out of the window and sighed deeply/heavily.“Well, there’s nothing we can do about it now,” she sighed.L75. neighborhood/ neighbourhood/ / n. a group of people and their homes forming a small area within a larger place such as a town 四邻，街坊，邻近地区，住宅区Be quiet! You’ll w ake up the whole neighborhood!We live in a rather rich neighborhood.There’s some beautiful scenery in our neighborhood.Is there a good Chinese restaurant in the neighborhood?We want to live in a neighborhood with a school nearby.The hotel is situated in a peaceful residential neighborhood (=area where there are houses rather than factories or shops) .V. Paraphrase / RewritingL6-8. … it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to —on a screen, …—… it was very amusing to read words that were motionless instead of moving the way they ought to —on a screen, …L6-11. When you’re through with the book, you just throw it away, I guess.—When you have finished reading the book, you merely cast it away, I suppose.L20-21. What’s there to write about school?—There is nothing at all to write about school. (This is a rhetorical question, which calls for no answer. A positive rhetorical question is negative in meaning.)L33-34. …the mechanical teacher calcu lated the mark in no time.—… the computer which served as a teacher immediately worked out the mark.L35-36. She had been hoping they would take the teacher away altogether.—She had been hoping they would move or carry the mechanical teacher to another place once for all. (Here the teacher was a computer, large and black and ugly, with a big screen on which all the lessons are shown and questions asked.) L38. Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes, …—Tommy looked at her with an air which suggested he knewfar better about school than others…L57-58. … a teacher has to be adjusted to fit the minds of each boy and girl it teaches…—… a computerized teacher on net, has to be changed slightly so as to be suitable for each boy and girl to learn from…III. Grammar points1. definite, indefinite and zero articles1) “Today Tommy found a real book!” It was a very old book. (L2-3)2) They turned the pages. (L6)3) …moving the way they were supposed to —on a screen, you know. And then, when they turned back to the page before, it had the same words on it that it had had when they read it the first time. (L7-9)4) Our television screen must have a million books on it…(L11)5) What’s there to write about school? I hate school! (L20)6) The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test…(L22-23)7) He was a round little man with a red face and a whole box of tools with dials and wires. (L26)8) The part Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. (L31-32)9) Sure they ha d a teacher, but it wasn’t a regular teacher. It was a man. (L44)10) A man isn’t smart enough. (L48)11) But my mother says a teacher has to be adjusted to fit the minds of each boy and girl it teaches…(L57-58)12) He walked away whistling, the dusty old book tucked beneath his arm. (L65-66)13) Margie went into the schoolroom …, and the mechanicalteacher was on…(L67-68)14) The screen was lit up… Please insert yesterday’s homework in the proper slot. (L71-72)15) Margie did so with a sigh. She was thinking about the old school they had when her grandfather’s grandfather was a little boy. (L73-74)16) All the kids from the whole neighborhood came, laughing and shouting in the schoolyard,sitting together in the schoolroom, going home together at the end of the day. They learned the same things, so they could help one another on the homework and talk about it. And the teachers were people. (L74-78)17) Margie was thinking about how the kids must have loved it in the old days. She was thinking about the fun they had. (L79-80)When to use “a/an” and “the”:* Use a when sth. is being mentioned for the first time; use the when sth. is being mentioned again that has been already talked about.She has a car and a bike, but she uses the bike more often.* If you use the with a noun that you have not mentioned before, you believe that your listener knows which one you mean.Have you fed the dog? (— You have only one dog.)I met him during the conference. (—Both you and your listener know which conference.)* Use a when you are talking about one of several things or people. Use the when it is clear that you are talking about a particular thing or person and there is only one.A man I work with told me about it. (— I work with several men.)The man I work with told me about it. (— I work with only one man.)* Use a when you want to talk about a particular type of thing or person or to show that you are referring to a general type of person or thing and not a specific person or thing.I’m training to be an engineer. (×I’m training to be engineer.)I went out to buy a newspaper. (×I went out to buy newspaper.)It needs a good clean. (×It needs good clean.)* Use the before a singular noun when you are referring to a particular type of thing or person in a general way.The tiger is without doubt the most magnificent of the big cats.The computer has changed everyone’s lives in so many ways.* Use a before singular nouns to mean all things of a particular type.A square has four sides (=All squares have four sides).A child needs love and affection. (=All children need love and affection.)* Use a before the name of a drink to refer to a cup or glass of that drink.Can I get you a coffee?He went to the bar and ordered a beer.* With singular nouns such as world, sky, moon, or sun, use the because there is only one of these things in the situation that you are talking about.We’re going to travel around the world.The Americans landed on the moon/Moon in 1969.The sky was blue and the sun/Sun was shining.* Use the when you are talking about buildings, places, and organizations, for example the bank, the theatre, the post office etc.I went to the theatre last week.She’s at the gym / in the office.* Use the to refer to a type of sport or a sports event.Who won the long jump?* Use the to say which type of musical instrument sb. plays.He plays the violin. I play the piano.* Use the to refer to a period of time.She remembers the war years.In the thirties unemployment was widespread.* Use the before an adjective to make it into a plural noun when you are referring to all the people that the adjective describes.She devoted her life to helping the poor.* Use the before a singular noun to refer to a type of institution, shop, system.You used to buy them from the chemist.I heard it on the radio. (cf. on TV / on television)* Use the before the name of a family in the plural to refer to all the members of that family.The Johnsons had lived in this house for many years.* Use the to refer to sth. that everyone knows because it is part of our natural environment or part of daily life.What was the weather like? (cf. Britain has a temperate climate.)* Many names of rivers, oceans, mountains, islands, channels, straights, etc. begin with the.the Mississippi River / the Thames / the River Thames / the Atlantic/Pacific Oceanthe Alps (but Mount Tai, Mont Blanc) / the English Channel / the Red SeaWhen NOT to use “a” and “the”:* Don’t use the with a countable noun in the plural, when you are talking in general about sth. Tigers are very fierce.Prices keep going up.* There are also many common nouns and phrases which do not use a or the, for example when talking about meals, illnesses, or ways of traveling. (Exception: use the before the names of certain common illnesses)Will you have lunch with me? (×Will you have the lunch with me?)Her mother has cancer. (×Her mother has the cancer.)I go to work by bus. (×I go to work by the bus.)If one of the children got the measles, we all got the measles.* Most place names do not have the in front of them. (Exceptions: Plural names of countries usually have the in front of them.)They’re visiting Belgium. (×They’re visiting the Belgium.) He’s from the United States. (×He’s from United States.) * No article is used before the word space in the sense of “that which surrounds all objects and continues outwards in all directions（空中，天空）; the area beyond the earth’s atmosphere where the stars and planets are（外层空间，太空）”He was staring into space. / The man-made satellite has been in space for a year.* When we speak of planets, no article is used. (However, if we use the word planet before the proper names, the definite。
Lesson 51.miserable: a. 悲惨的,可怜的同义词: unhappy, wretched反义词: comfortable派生词: misery: n. 痛苦,苦难miserably: ad.后缀-able构成形容词,表示“具有...的”；“能...的”,例如：eatable 可食用的drinkable 可饮用的reasonable 通情达理的sensible 可感觉的2.merry a. 愉快的同义词：happy, cheerful习惯用于：Merry Christmas!3.pony: 小马（归类记忆法）horse: mare 母马donkey 驴子stallion 公马mule 骡子pony 小马Christmas was coming,这句用的是过去进行时，但表达的是将来时间，意思是“圣诞节快到了。
”go, come,leave, land(着陆),take off(起飞)，start, arrive等词用进行时表示将来。
如: The plane is taking off in five minutes.He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.make sure: act so as to make something certain 确保；查明如:Father makes sure that all lights are off before he goes to bed.父母睡觉前都要检查是否所有的灯都关了。
Make sure that you haven't forgotten to pack everything you're likely to need.I think the party begins at 6:00, but I'll phone to make sure （确认).He looked behind him to make sure that he was not being followed.比较be sure to do sth./that: be certain to do sth./thatBe sure to wait to me as soon as you get there.你一到那里就一定给我写信。
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
