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北京市东城区2018届高三英语4月综合测试（一模）试题本试卷共120分。
考试时长100分钟。
考生务势必答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能够填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。
例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain._____,welastmetmorethan thirtyyea rsago.A．What’s moreB．That’st osayC．Inother wordsD．Believei tornot答案是D。
.Scientistsarebuildingapowerfulinstrument,which______themseedeepintospace.A.hash elpedB.willhelpC.helpedD.wouldhelped.Largegroupsthatwanttovisitthemuseumhavetogetpermission______theyvisit.A.unless B.where C.as D.before.Since18th January,2018,someairlinesinChina______mobilephoneuseontheiraircra fts.A.allowB.allowedC.haveallowed D.hadallowed.Thedictionaryhas100newwords_________intoitslatestedition.A.aB.addiC.adD.beingaddeddd ng ded.Movingabroadmeansenteringaculture______thecustomsandthelanguagearedifferen t.A.where B.when C.which D.whose—Couldyoutellme______thetrainfromNewYorkwillbearrivingontime? —Yes,sir.Itshouldbearrivingin10minutes.A.whenB.howC.whyD .if7.Thesnows torm______severaldaysbeforeithitthenorthernareas.A.wouldpre dictB.hadpredictedC.wouldbepredicted D.hadbeenpredicted8.I______nothavehernewtelephonenumber;letmecheck.A.mayB.mustC.shallD.need9.OnceJasonbecomesinterestedinsometopic ,hecan’thelpthinkingaboutit______hegoe s.A.howeverB.wherever C.whenever D.whomever10.Thebook______nextyearissupposedtobeabest-seller.A.publishi ngB.beingpublished C.tobepublished D.tohavepublished11.Thetrouble is______wecanreachtheconferencecenterwithintwentyminutesintherushhour.A.whatB.howC.whenD.whyMikehasn’tappearedfortwoweeks,______hisfriendsarewonderingwhathashappenedto him.A.s oB.butC.orD.for13.Electriccarsproduceabout80percentlesspollutionthancars______gas-poweredmotors.A.f romB.byC.forD.with14.__ ____thathehadfallenbehind,Peterstartedtoquickenhispace.A.Rea lizedB.Torea lizeC.Havingr ealizedD.Havingbeenreal ized15.Canyouimaginewhatthemodernworld______likewithoutsmartp hones?A.w ereB.wouldbeC.hadbeenD.wouldhavebeen第二节完形填空（共20小题；每题分，共30分）阅读下边短文，掌握其粗心，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。
西城区高三统一测试英语2018.4本试卷共9页，共120分。
考试时长100分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
1. —Is there a hospital nearby? I hurt my ankle, and cannot move now.—It’s about 3 blocks away. I _____ you there.A. tookB. takeC. will takeD. have taken2. Rosa _____ this washing machine for more than ten years. She is thinking about buying a newone.A. is usingB. usedC. had usedD. has been using3. This course is of great interest to students, _____ to improve their writing skills.A. hopeB. to hopeC. hopingD. hoped4. —Vivien, you look blue. What’s wrong?—There are so many papers _____. I’m really busy recently.A. finishB. to finishC. finishingD. finished5. _____ at the differences between her culture and theirs, Annie wanted to return home.A. ConfusingB. ConfusedC. Having confusedD. To confuse6. The old bank, _____ appearance is not a pretty sight, is extremely beautiful on the inside.A. whoseB. whereC. whenD. which7. The famous player tried again and again after each failure. T hat’s _____ he succeeded at last.A. whatB. whenC. whetherD. why8. Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweetsauce.A. was servedB. will serveC. is servedD. served9. _____ gas prices are rising, people are looking for less expensive ways to get around.A. Now thatB. Even ifC. AlthoughD. Unless10. _____ annoys the teacher most is that all the students are too quiet in class.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhenD. Who11. Passengers _____ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus offthe road.A. would notB. must notC. may notD. need not12. _____ to manage time wisely, and you can make the most out of each day.A. LearningB. To learnC. LearnedD. Learn13. It rained this morning, _____ actually didn’t bother me because I like walking in the rain.A. whatB. whenC. whereD. which14. Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _____ putting too much pressure onthem.A. withoutB. besidesC. byD. for15. —What a shame! We misunderstood each other for such a long time.—Yes, I wish I _____ with you earlier.A. communicateB. had communicatedC. communicatedD. would communicate第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2018年北京市海淀区高三英语一模试题（附答案）海淀区高三年级第二学期期中练习英语2018.04本试卷共12页，共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：1．考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
2．答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。
3．答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准，修改时用橡皮擦除干净。
非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题 1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
animal?1. What’s the man’s ChineseA. Excited.B. Disappointed. A. At a store.2. How does the woman want the beef?A. Rare.B. Medium.C. Well-done.3. What time does the meeting start?A. At 9:30am.B. At 10:00am.C. At 10:15am.4. How does the woman feel about the news?A. Excited.B. Terrified.C. Disappointed.5. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a store.B. At a bank.C. In a police station.第二节（共10小题；每小题 1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白。
2018北京高三英语一模完型汇总2018海淀一模：My parents divorced when I was 11 years old. One year later, my father 16 providing any type of financial support for us. Times were definitely 17 then. I remember the threatening calls from bill collectors, and the sound of my mother crying late at night.18 the memory that surfaces much more strongly than all the others is one in which I learned a dear lesson about 19 .To 20 our family my mother worked day and night. Driving home late one night, she stopped at a red light. A 21 car racing up crashed into the back of my mother's car. Amazingly, my mother 22 ，but her car didn’t. The driver of the o ther car was a young man with no 23 ，so he couldn’t afford to repair her car. The next day, I saw our neighbors, the Claytons handing my mother an envelope with $500 inside. I remember my 24 ，tough mother insisting that she couldn’t take their money. There was no way she could 25 pay them back.Mr. Clayto n said with a smile. “Don’t worry about paying us back. When times are better, just help someone else who is in 26 . That will be 27 enough. ”My mother took his words to heart. A year later, on her way back home from work, she met a young woman holding a crying baby. She invited them into our kitchen and 28 some food for them.As the night wore on, the young woman's story 29 . She had run away from an unfortunate marriage, taking only her kid and a handful of 30 .My mother made them a makeshift bed on our living roomcouch. Later, I saw her open her purse and hand the young woman some money. I knew that was almost all the money she had, yet I saw such a look of 31 upon her face as she handed it freely to the girl.Through the years, times continued to be tough for our family. In spite of this, my mother still 32 out to help others however she could, whether it was 33 money, time, or another form of service.It has been several decades since our neighbors gave their 34 The sweet lesson I have learned from the dear neighbor and my mother was that when times are tough, acts of kindness and generosity can make such a 35 .16. A. stopped B. remembered c.avoided D. suggested17. A. puzzling B. memorable c. challenging D. valuable18. A. And B. So c.But D. Or19. A. accepting B. respecting c.sharing D. caring20. A. support B. educate c.unite D. serve21. A. shiny B. speeding c. passing D. costly22. A. suffered B. screamed c. escaped D. survived23. A. insurance B. licence c.experience D. family24. A. desperate B. inspiring c.proud D. loving25. A. secretly B. possibly c. naturally D. seriously26. A. anxiety B. need c. turn D. depression27. A. politeness B. success c. payment D. effort28. A. cooled B. bought c.stored D. prepared29. A. unfolded B. continued c.ended D. paused30. A. possessions B. jewels c.tools D. purses31. A. hesitation B. confusion c.determination D. caution32. A. rushed B. worked c.gave D. reached33. A. about B. with c.at D. for34. A. lesson B. opinion c.chance D. gift35. A. sense B. difference c.request D. decision16. A 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. B2018西城一模：Emerald (翡翠) Dreams“And this is me kissing the Blarney Stone”, says Carrie, my seventeen-year-old daughter. She turns the pages of her new photo album, recounting her recent ten-day 16 abroad, and my mind wanders back…way back to when she was only five.“Someday I’m going to Ireland”, she said, hold ing her Childcraft book in her lap. Her blue eyes 17 as she looked at the beautiful pictures. “Well, maybe you can!” I said. However, it was 18 for our family to pay for the luxury of traveling. I was working as a secretary. My husband Charlie had to close his 19 last year due to his poor health…Ten years later, Carrie came home from school one day, hardly able to contain her 20 , “Mama, you’ll never 21 where the class is going. T o Ireland!” she smiled 22 . “You’re kidding!”I said. “Ireland! Where you’ve always wanted to go!”“The trip is 23 for year after next, and the $2,100 can be paid in installments (分期付款).” Then she added, “But that’s too much… isn’t it?” Her voice was 24 yet doubting. “Well,”I said slowly, “Daddy and I can’t help much; 25 , you hav e two years to earn the money.” “You think so?” Carrie’s face lit up like a Christmas tree. “Well,” I 26 , “maybe you could use your father’s bakery and sell baked goods.” Sell baked g oods? We 27 at each other. Carrie was an excellent 28 ! This would work!So the plan was 29 . Carrie began working, making a varietyof baked goods. She used dried apples, cooked, seasoned and spiced to perfection. Soon, however, fried apple-pies became the customer favorite. All ingredients were 30 —real shortening (起酥油), real butter—and the crust (皮) was handmade and hand-rolled. Finally the pies were fried to a beautiful, golden brown! The finished product was an extremely pleasant treat, winning 31 from even the little old ladies in these hills who have been making dried-apple pies for decades. 32 began rolling in, and the Ireland fund grew, and well 33 the given time the trip abroad was paid in full…Now I’m looking at her albu m as she proudly points out the 34 she visited: castles of Ireland, historic bridges and churches, cobblestone (鹅卵石) streets of Dublin… so much like those in her Childcraft book. My daughter will forever remember this dream come true, a dream that began in the heart of a five-year-old girl and was completely made 35 by the delicious apple pie!16. A. training B. journey C. study D. work17. A. brightened B. darkened C. hardened D. weakened18. A. wise B. wrong C. difficult D. pleasant19. A. bookstore B. bakery C. agency D. grocery20. A. disappointment B. surprise C. sorrow D. excitement21. A. realize B. understand C. guess D. forget22. A. shyly B. slightly C. bitterly D. broadly23. A. delayed B. planned C. continued D. made24. A. sharp B. hesitant C. hopeful D. firm25. A. thus B. even C. also D. still26. A. suggested B. insisted C. wondered D. disagreed27. A. pointed B. stared C. shouted D. laughed28. A. secretary B. traveler C. cook D. student29. A. canceled B. changed C. discussed D. laid30. A. natural B. delicious C. clean D. soft31. A. praise B. awards C. trust D. titles32. A. Menus B. Ideas C. Orders D. Questions33. A. within B. from C. beyond D. for34. A. buildings B. sites C. cities D. countries35. A. necessary B. important C. popular D. possible16. B 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D26. A 27. B 28.C 29. D 30. A31. A 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D2018东城一模：My brother Gene was four years older than me. By the time I turned four, I was upset that he could read but I couldn’t. I burned with 16 to read a book like my brother. I begged: “Teach me to read, Mom! Pl ease, please?!” Finally, Mom set aside time after lunch 17 readinglessons, and soon after my fifth birthday, I was reading.I longed for my father, who was a great storyteller, to read me the books that I couldn’t yet read on my own. But my father w orked three jobs to feed the family. He didn’t have the time or 18 in the evening to read to me. 19 , every Sunday morning, my brother and I lay next to him in bed, waiting for him to tell stories about his 20 . I can still hear my father’s voice 21 the cold winters on the family farm in Poland. His family didn’t have en ough money to burn wood in the fireplace all night. He told us that he always volunteered to help with 22 . I can smell the soup made by my grandma and 23 my father cutting onions, carrots and tomatoes for salad, and when no one was looking, putting a piece into his mouth. “I was always 24 ,” he explained.Hearing my father’s stories 25 me closer to the books and the stories they held.One Saturday afternoon when I was seven, we walked two blocks to the small 26 in our neighborhood, and my dad filled out forms for a card. That Saturday 27 my life: I met Mrs. Schwartz, the librarian, and my dad said, “You’re 28 enough to walk to the library yoursel f.” And so I did—almost every afternoon.In my mind, Mrs. Schwartz was “the keeper of books and the guardian of stories.” Some days she read aloud to a small group of us 29 . Most of time, Mrs. Schwartz let me 30 myself with books I pulled from the shelves and look through them to see which ones I’d 31 out. I remember that s ometimes she’d 32 a book and tell me a part of the story. But she always let me choose. Books became my 33 who were my comfort when I felt lonely.Yes, reading changed me. It gave me the 34 to study hard so I could become a teacher, and share my 35 of reading with my students. And inside my head, I can still hear the voices of my mother, father, and Mrs. Schwartz, which are with me every timeI open the first page of a new book.16. A. anger B. worry C. desire D. interest17. A. for B. before C. in D. until18. A. ability B. ambition C. courage D. energy19. A. Still B. Then C. Therefore D. Finally20. A. workplace B. childhood C. farmland D. neighborhood21. A. explaining B. describing C. introducing D. interpreting22. A. living B. reading C. farming D. cooking23. A. catch B. discover C. notice D. picture24. A. busy B. poor C. hungry D. tired25. A. laid B. drew C. taught D. left26. A. library B. bookstore C. office D. club27. A. saved B. changed C. tested D. controlled28. A. near B. ready C. old D. free29. A. graduates B. regulars C. candidates D. communicators30. A. surround B. familiarize C. examine D. reward31. A. find B. lend C. check D. sign32. A. write B. recommend C. study D. reserve33. A. teachers B. assistants C. listeners D. companions34. A. drive B. dream C. order D. chance35. A. lesson B. time C. love D. plan16. C 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. B21．B 22．D 23．D 24．C 25．B26．A 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．A31．C 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．C2018 朝阳一模：No Direction HomeIn August last year, my parents and I visited our relatives in Princeton Junction, New Jersey. Every day I enjoyed walking a circular way starting from their house. One evening I decided to be adventurous and changed from my __16__ way—I was looking forward to a longer walk,。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Where did your family eat dinner last night? In the car on the way to sport? At McDonald’s? Or at the dinner table? A survey taken a few years ago found that 28% families ate dinner together at home seven nights a week. Another quarter said they ate together three or fewer nights a week.Once upon a time the situation was different. 51 Plates, forks and spoons would be laid out. As dinner time approached, an increasing number of hungry mouths would begin to appear with the question, “What’s for dinner”?52The data seems to point to two main issues: overworked parents and overscheduled children. When mum or dad do get home in the evening, they are soon in the car again to send the children to soccer, music, tutoring, and a host of other events.This nightly ceremony around the dinner table is both vital and fruitful; it is what keeps a family together. Sure, the conversation is not always significant and children argue. And sometimes the deepest and most meaningful times in a family are not at the table at all. ___53___The dinner table is the place where a family builds an identity. Stories are passed down, jokes are exchanged and the wider world is examined through the lens（镜头）of a family’s values. Children pick up vocabulary and a sense of how conversation is structured. 54 Dinner time is “family time”. Coming back daily to the same place helps gain familiarity.The significance of dinner time is more than above. Studies show that the more families eat together, the less likely the children are to smoke, drink, get depressed, and develop eating disorders, and the more likely they are to do well in school and learn how to socialize. One professor a t Rutgers University in New Jersey stated, “A meal is about civilizing children.___55___”So start by planning some stay at home family dinners together. Just family talk.A. It’s a time to teach them to be a member of their culture.B. Each night the dining table would be set with a simple cloth.C. Why not cut back on a few activities and have dinner with your family?D. What accounts for this decline in families eating together today though?E. They also learn good table manners, something that will benefit them for life.F. It was important for children and parents to sit down together and get to know each other.G. However, there is still something unique about the time a family spends around the dinner table.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018年北京大兴区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）1、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第1题1分—How much influence will your high school have on the rest of your life?—It be quite a lot, or perhaps only a little.A. mightB. mustC. shouldD. can2、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第2题1分—Mary, please put on the mask when you go out you may have the flu.—Yes, mom. You'e right.A. andB. orC. soD. but3、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第3题1分makes the film so popular is the excellent performance of the actors.A. HowB. WhoseC. WhichD. What4、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第4题1分—We went to the Summer Palace for jogging last Saturday.—Great! I wish I with you on the trip.A. have comeB. would comeC. had comeD. came5、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第5题1分The stadium which will be open to citizens next year. The work is almost finished.A. is being repairedB. is repairingC. has repairedD. has been repaired6、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第6题1分People choose group buying for low-price products, sometimes ones with poor quality.A. getB. gotC. to gelD. getting7、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第7题1分Turn off your cell phone or turn it to silence the speaker is disturbed.A. so thatB. as long asC. in caseD. now that8、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第8题1分The Lantern Festival,marks the end of Spring Festival, is celebrated on the l5 th day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. that9、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第9题1分By the time you have finished the ballet in the National Centre for the Performing Arts,you the last subway at 10:50 p.m.A. missB. will missC. have missedD. are missing10、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第10题1分When she asked Peter he was out of work again, he nodded his head and said yes.A. whetherB. howC. whenD. that11、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第11题1分—Where are you going, Johnson?—To my grandpa's home. I said I him.A. visitB. visitedC. would visitD. will visit12、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第12题1分yourself, you should never put convenience before safety.A. ProtectingB. Having protectedC. ProtectD. To protect13、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第13题1分A large number of Chinese women enjoy wearing Qipao, usually of silk.A. to makeB. to be madeC. MakingD. made14、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第14题1分Tom for a friend from England at the airport when his father came over.A. is waitingB. has waitedC. was waitingD. had waited15、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第15题1分The winds are stronger than I expected and it is abnormally cold May in Beijing.A. forB. inC. onD. at二、完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）16、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第16~35题30分The Power of BeliefThe car accident had left me unconscious. I1to find both legs in casts （石膏）. "You will never walk again. You will have to use a wheel chair. " The words fell heavily on my ears,2my soul. Lying in my bed, I wondered how I could give my ten-year-old son hope that mom would3. I saw the fear in his eyes. The possibility of having a totally disabled mother was4on his little shoulders. He needed the ray of5that I would not be in a wheelchair forever.Just maybe, I thought, I could use this experience to teach him what to dowhen6striker and what kept me going7this toughest challenge. Attempting to move on my own at night after the nurses' last rounds, I'm sure I broke every hospital8. I could not imagine being9in a wheelchair for the rest of my life.Every night in my private room,10I knew I would not be interrupted or discovered, I would move myself from the bed to the floor,11on to the bed rail and slowly putting my weight on my feet. After several weeks of suchdifficult12, my strength and confidence continued to build. AndI13one thing for certain: there would come a day when the wheelchair would be14and I would walk.It came the time to share my accomplishments with the person most15to me. One night, when I heard my16greet the nurses at the station, I dragged myself up. As he opened the door, I took a few small steps.17, he could only watch as I turned and started back to bed. All of the pain, the fear, andthe18faded as I heard the words I had lofuged to hear, "Mommy, you can walk!"I am now able to walk alone. My life has been blessed with many19of which I am proud. But none has ever brought me the satisfaction andjoy20by those little words spoken by my son.A. pretendedB. managedC. refusedD. awakenedA. inspiringB. numbingC. touchingD. feelingA. heaIB. surviveC. changeD. succeedA. slowlyB. secretlyC. heavilyD. softlyA. fearB. ambitionC. motivationD. hopeA. diseaseB. passionC. misfortuneD. mysteryA. throughB. overC. acrossD. offA. windowB. ruleC. bedD. roomA. carriedB. absorbedC. placedD. stuckA. althoughB. unlessC. onceD. beforeA. sleepingB. holdingC. climbingD. jumpingA. lessonsB. dreamsC. effectsD. effortsA. explainedB. confirmedC. knewD. complainedA. goneB. brokenC. lostD. preparedA. pleasantB. importantC. usefulD. popularA. sonB. doctorC. friendD. husbandA. TerrifiedB. ShockedC. EmbarrassedD. DisappointedA. joyB. excitementC. angerD. struggleA. supportsB. remarksC. achievementsD. suggestionsA. offeredB. taughtC. provenD. stolen三、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）17、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模（A篇）第36~39题8分(每题2分)Broken WingMaybe you've heard the saying, "A bird with a broken wing will never fly as high." I'm sure that Ware was made to feel this way almost every day in school.By high school, Ware was the most celebrated troublemaker in his town. He wasn't very talkative, didn't answer questions and got into lots of fights. He had failed in almost every class. I met Ware for the first time at a weekend training program, which was designed to have students become more involved in their communities. Ware was one of 405 students who signed up for the program. When I showed up to lead them, the community leaders gave me this overview of the attending students: "We have different kinds of students today, from the student body president to T. J. Ware, the boy with the longest arrest record in the history of town." Somehow, I knew that I wasn't the first to hear about Ware's dark side as the first words of introduction.At the start of the program, Ware was literally standing outside the circle of students, against the back wall. He didn't readily join the discussion groups and seemed to have little to say. But slowly, the interactive games drew him in. The ice really melted when the groups started building a list of positive and negative things that had occurred at school that year. Ware had some definite thoughts on those situations. The other students in Ware's group welcomed this comments. All of a sudden Ware felt like a part of the group. And before long he was being treated like a leader. He was saying things that made a lot of sense, and everyone was listening. Ware was a smart guy and had some great ideas. The next day, Ware was very active in all the sessions. By the end of the program, he had joined the Homeless Project team. He knew something about poverty, hunger and hopelessness. Impressed with his passionate concern and ideas, the other students on the team elected Ware chairman of the team.Two weeks later, Ware led the team to collect food for needy families. In just two hours they collected 2, 854 cans of food, which could support the poor families in the area for 75 days. The local newspaper covered the event with a full-page article the next day. That newspaper story and Ware's picture were posted on the main bulletin board at school. Every day he was reminded about what he did. He was being acknowledged as leadership material. Then Ware started showing up at school every day and answered questions from teachers for the first time.Ware's story reminds us that a bird with a broken wing only needs mending, But once it has healed, it can fly higher than the rest.(1) What was the weekend training program intended to do?A. To encourage the students to improve themselves.B. To motivate the students to learn better and more.C. To develop the students' sense of responsibility.D. To help the students become more active in their communities.(2) T. J. Ware was treated like a leader because.A. he built a list of positive and negative things in school lifeB. he was very active in all the sessions of the programC. he was full of wisdomD. what he said was reasonable and convincing(3) What became of T. J. Ware after they collected food for poor families?A. He turned into a public figure.B. He became the chairman of the team.C. He was interviewed by the local newspaper.D. He was pleased with what he had achieved.(4) Why was T. J. Ware compared to a bird with a broken wing?A. He had been injured in an accident.B. He remained an outsider of the community.C. He had done something illegal and damaged his reputation.D. He was a failure in all the coursed while studying in high school.18、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模（B篇）第40~42题6分(每题2分) SUNDOWN NATURALSMULTIVITAMIN GUMMIESProvide 10 Essential Vitamins Plus ZincGrape, Orange & Cherry Flavored50 Gummies/ Dietary SupplementSupplement FactsServing Size 2 GummiesServings Per Container 25DIRECTIONS: FOR ADULTS, CHEW TWO （2） GUMMIES DAILY, Preferably with a meal. As a reminder, discuss the supplements and medications you take with your health care providers.Non-GMO. No Gluten, No Wheat, No Milk, No Lactose, No Artificial Flavor.No Artificial Sweetener, No Preservatives, No Soy, No Yeast, No Fish. Sodium Free.Warning: If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications, plaining any medical or surgical procedure or have any medical condition, consult your doctor before use. Discontinue use and consult your doctor if any adverse reactions occur.(1) What is the recommended serving size?A. 2 Gummies every day.B. 25 Gummies daily.C. 50 Gummies for dietary supplement.D. 10 Gummies per day.(2) Which of the following is TRUE accoding to the text?A. Any adult can take it with a meal.B. It might have some side effects once taken.C. It can not be used if touched by children.D. There is no sweetener in the product.(3) We can probably find this text.A. in a text bookB. in the newspaperC. on the bottle of a juiceD. on the container of a medication19、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模（C篇）第43~46题8分(每题2分)Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To help solve their traffic problems, some rapidly growing U.S. cities have simply built more roads. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not solve the traffic problem in the long run. Rising land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road building, and the chances that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style constructions program.The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency（最佳效率）by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Advocates of this advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television radio communication, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.Pathfinder, a smart-highway project in California in which a 14-mile stretch of the freeway makes up what is called a "smart corridor", is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement, Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communications linked to properly equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least crowded routes or detours.Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to serious traffic jam. Some say the high-teach approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem."Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently", explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the World-watch Institute. "It doesn't deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can't be built fast enough. It sends people the wrong message. They start thinking 'Yes, there used to be a traffic jam problem, but that's been solved now because we have an advanced high-teach system in place.' "Barson agrees and adds, "Smart highways are just one of the tools that we will use to deal with our traffic problems. It's not the solution itself, just part of the package. There are different strategies. "Other traffic problem-solve options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system by which motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.It seems that we need a new, major approach to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years. There has to be a big change.(1) The underlined word "quick-fix" in para. I is the closest in meaning to.A. idealB. temporaryC. readyD. efficient(2) Which of the following is the advantage of Pathfinder?A. It can reduce travel cost.B. It can solve all the traffic problems.C. The equipment on it can provide real-time traffic information for motorists.D. The equipment on it has efficiently controlled the traffic flow.(3) According to Barson,.A. rapid mass transit systems will become a mustB. smart-highway technology is not the finalC. flexible work hours must be experimentedD. road pricing will be a main solution(4) What is the best title for the passage?A. Smart Highway ProjectB. A New Technology for Traffic SystemC. Future Highway Is Taking OffD. Highways Get Smart20、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模（D篇）第47~50题8分(每题2分)As little children, most of us were taught the virtue of honesty from fairy talks and other stories. The story of Pinocchio, who begins life as a puppet（木偶）teaches us the importance of telling the truth. In the story of young George Washington, who lies about cutting down the cherry tree, we learn that he earns his father's praise only when he admits what he has done. Even though we know that "honesty is the best policy, " why do we often lie in our everyday life? The fact is that we lie for many reasons.We sometimes lie to minimize our errors and mistakes. For example, some students might lie to their teachers about unfinished homework. They might say that they left the work at home when, in fact, they didn't even do the work. These students don't want to be irresponsible, so they make up a lie to save face.Another reason we lie is to get out of situations we don't want to be in. If we just don't want to attend the dorm meeting early on Saturday morning, we might give this excuse: "be been fighting off a cold all week, and I need to sleep on Saturday morning. "We lie because we believe that telling the truth will cause problems. When we don't know how to say no, we often use lies to avoid difficulties.However, lies are not always negative; as a matter of fact, two kinds of lies can yield positive results. The first is commonly referred to as a "white lie". We tell white lies when we don't want to hurt other people's feelings. For example, if a good friend shows up with an unflattering haircut, we could be truthful and say, "That haircut is awful. It doesn't suit you at all!" Instead, we are more likely to lie and say, "I like your haircut. It looks good on you, " and spare our friend's feelings. The second kind of positive lie is the "protective lie". This one can help us get out of or avoid dangerous situations. Parents often teach their children to use this kind of lie. For example, parents tell their children not to say that they are home alone if they receive phone calls from strangers. In this situation, lying can prevent harm or disaster.People lie for many reasons, both good and bad. However, before we resort to lying to cover up mistakes or to avoid unpleasant situations, perhaps we should rethink our motives for lying.(1) What is mainly discussed in this passage?A. The importance of telling the truth.B. Positive and negative results produced by lies.C. The reasons or motives for telling lies.D. The strategies of stopping telling lies.(2) According to the passage,can be called a "white lie".A. a lie told by a student to his teacher about unfinished homeworkB. a lie told by someone who wants to avoid hurting othersC. a lie told by a child to avoid an unfavorable situationD. a lie told by a boy who cried wolf(3) Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?A. Telling the truth may cause problems on some occasions.B. People tell lies in order to maintain their friendship.C. "Protective lies"can help us get out of dangerous situations.D. Lies do not always produce negative results.(4) Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point（次要点） C: ConclusionA.B.C.D.四、七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）21、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第51~55题10分(每题2分)ADDICTED TO SMARTPHONE?Smartphones and other electronic devices are an important part of everyday life for most teens today.1One out of every two teens in the U.S. and Japan feel they are, according to a recent study by the University of Southern California's Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism. Their parents say that digital devices are a source of concern, anxiety andconflict.The study, "The New Normal-Parents, Teens and Digital Devices, " is based on an April 2017 survey of 1, 200 teens and parents.2It's also the first to compare those results to existing U.S. data from Common Sense Media about digital media use among families in North American.Most parents of children ages 13-18 surveyed said they believe teens are addicted to mobile devices. Many of the adults said they also felt addicted to their own phones."Advances in digital media mobile devices are changing the way we engage not only with the world around us but also with the people who are the closest to us, " Willow Bay, the dean of USC Annenberg in Los Angels, said, "3To truly understand their impact on our relationships, we needed to dig deeper into the media habits and attitudes of parents and teens."The study also looked at the potential benefits of device use. The trends uncovered in Japan often mirrored the results of two similar 2016 U.S Studies by Common Sense Media. The USC study found:●In both countries, one out of every two teens felt addicted to their devices and the majority of parents agreed that their teens are addicted.●4One un three U.S. families reported having an argument every day. More teens in the U.S. also felt that mobile device use has hurt their relationship with their parents. In Japan, more parents felt their family relationships have been hurt by mobile device use.●When asked if their devices are a source of distraction, 72 percent of the American teens surveyed said they felt the need to immediately respond to texts, social-networking messages and other notifications5●Compared to just 25 percent of Japanese parents, most American parents surveyed—88 percent —had an optimistic view of the benefits of technology in terms of helping their acquire new skills.A. It's the first such study of teenagers and families in Japan, where 90 percent of parents and teens own smartphones.B. These shifts are happening faster and more dramatically than any change in recent history.C. Parents and teens often quarrel because of mobile device use.D. 48 percent of Japanese teens said they did.E. Digital devices were a greater source of conflict among teens and parents in the U.S. than in Japan.F. They said that their attention is easily distracted.G. But are teens addicted to their phones?五、书面表达（共2小题，共35分）22、【来源】 2018年北京大兴区高三一模第56题15分假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，下周一的英语课前口语展示环节中，你将就祖国在科技方面取得的某一成就作简要介绍，内容包括：1．简单介绍某一成就；2．此项成就的意义；3．表达自豪之情。
2021届北京市西城区高三一模考试英 语考前须知：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
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4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I 卷〔选择题〕一、单项选择1．—Is there a hospital nearby? I hurt my ankle, and cannot move now. —It’s about 3 blocks away. I _____ you there. A. took B. take C. will takeD. have taken2．Rosa _____ this washing machine for more than ten years. She is thinking about buying a new one. A. is using B. usedC. had usedD. has been using3．This course is of great interest to students, _____ to improve their writing skills. A. hope B. to hope C. hopingD. hoped4．—Vivien, you look blue. What’s wrong?—There are so many papers _____. I’m really busy recently. A. finish B. to finish C. finishingD. finished5．_____ at the differences between her culture and theirs, Annie wanted to return home. A. ConfusingB. ConfusedC. Having confusedD. To confuse6．The old bank, _____ appearance is not a pretty sight, is extremely beautiful on the inside.A. whoseB. whereC. whenD. which7．The famous player tried again and again after each failure. That’s _____ he succeeded at last.A. whatB. whenC. whetherD. why8．Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce. A. was served B. will serve C. is servedD. served9．_____ gas prices are rising, people are looking for less expensive ways to get around. A. Now that B. Even if C. Although D. Unless10．_____ annoys the teacher most is that all the students are too quiet in class.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhenD. Who11．Passengers _____ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road.A. would notB. must notC. may notD. need not12．_____ to manage time wisely, and you can make the most out of each day. A. Learning B. To learn C. LearnedD. Learn13．It rained this morning, _____ actually didn’t bother me because I like walking in the rain. A. what B. when C. whereD. which14．Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _____ putting too much pressure on them. A. without B. besides C. byD. for15．—What a shame! We misunderstood each other for such a long time. —Yes, I wish I _____ with you earlier. A. communicateB. had communicatedC. communicatedD. would communicate 二、完形填空此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号“And this is me kissing the Blarney Stone〞, says Carrie, my seventeen-year-old daughter. She turns the pages of her new photo album, recounting her recent ten-day _______ abroad, and my mind wanders back…way back to when she was only five.“Someday I’m going to Ireland〞, she said, holding her Childcraft book in her lap. Her blue eyes _______ as she looked at the beautiful pictures. “Well, maybe you can!〞 I said. However, it was _______ for our family to pay for the luxury of traveling. I was working as a secretary. My husband Charlie had to close his _______ last year due to his poor he alth…Ten years later, Carrie came home from school one day, hardly able to contain her _______, “Mama, you’ll never _______ where the class is going. To Ireland!〞 she smiled _______. “You’re kidding!〞 I said. “Ireland! Where you’ve always wanted to go!〞“The trip is _______ for year after next, and the $2,100 can be paid in installments (分期付款).〞 Then she added, “But that’s too much… isn’t it?〞 Her voice was _______ yet doubting. “Well,〞 I said slowly, “Daddy and I can’t help much; ________, you have two years to earn the money.〞“You think so?〞Carrie’s face lit up like a Christmas tree. “Well,〞 I ________, “maybe you could use your father’s bakery and sell baked goods.〞 Sell baked goods? We ________ at each other. Carrie was an excellent ________ ! This would work!So the plan was ________. Carrie began working, making a variety of baked goods. She used dried apples, cooked, seasoned and spiced to perfection. Soon, however, fried apple-pies became the customer favorite. All ingredients were ________—real shortening (起酥油), real butter—and the crust (皮) was handmade and hand-rolled. Finally the pies were fried to a beautiful, golden brown! The finished product was an extremely pleasant treat, winning ________ from even the little old ladies in these hills who have been making dried-apple pies for decades. ________ began rolling in, and the Ireland fund grew, and well ________ the given time the trip abroad was paid in full…Now I’m looking at her album as she proudly points out the ________ she visited: castles of Ireland, historic bridges and churches, cobblestone (鹅卵石) streets of Dublin… so much like those in her Childcraft book. My daughter will forever remember this dream come true, a dream that began in the heart of a five-year-old girl and was completely made ________ by the delicious apple pie!16．A. training B. journey C. study D. work17．A. brightened B. darkened C. hardened D. weakened18．A. wise B. wrong C. difficult D. pleasant19．A. bookstore B. bakery C. agency D. grocery20．A. disappointment B. surprise C. sorrow D. excitement21．A. realize B. understand C. guess D. forget22．A. shyly B. slightly C. bitterly D. broadly23．A. delayed B. planned C. continued D. made24．A. sharp B. hesitant C. hopeful D. firm25．A. thus B. even C. also D. still26．A. suggested B. insisted C. wondered D. disagreed27．A. pointed B. stared C. shouted D. laughed28．A. secretary B. traveler C. cook D. student29．A. canceled B. changed C. discussed D. laid30．A. natural B. delicious C. clean D. soft31．A. praise B. awards C. trust D. titles32．A. Menus B. Ideas C. Orders D. Questions33．A. within B. from C. beyond D. for34．A. buildings B. sites C. cities D. countries35．A. necessary B. important C. popular D. possible三、阅读理解ABecome a Volunteer and Make a DifferenceThe First Tee, as an outstanding youth development organization, is always searching for good people that want to volunteer at one of our many Pittsburgh area locations.We’re Looking for You!Nationwide, we currently have more than 3,700 coaches signed up with The First Tee as well as volunteers. But you don’t have to be a golf professional or even a good golfer. With The First Tee Coach Program, we provide the training you need.Developed with input from leading experts in the field of positive youth development, our program focuses on making participants stronger and more confident through decision-making and exploring options, inspiring the golfers of tomorrow to look to the future, set goals, and unlock their potential.We also need more volunteers to make The First Tee possible. Opportunities include:Assistant Coach:assist in our weekly golf clinics. All that we request is that you make a 7-week commitment (one day per week), for 2 hours each week. Each clinic is led by one of our trained staff members who creates a written lesson plan for our volunteers to follow.Database Manager: input data entry of participants, volunteers, and community relation records and update chapter information for Home Office and community relations. The database manager is expected to update the data a minimum of every other week.Equipment Manager: organize and sort donated equipment, get rid of unfit equipment, and arrange equipment for distribution to participants at least once a week.Greeter: register participants, hand information to parents, greet visitors, answer phone and provide general program information.Process of Becoming a VolunteerBegin by filling out the Google Forms application below. Once Alison Boyle (our Director of Volunteer and Participant Services) receives your completed application, she will contact you for an in-person interview.CLICK HERE to fill out a Volunteer Application via Google FormsFor more information, please contact our Director of Volunteer and Participant Services, Alison Boyle, at aboyle@.36．The First Tee Coach Program centers on ________.A. empowering participantsB. training professional coachesC. attracting more visitorsD. looking for golf stars37．If you are good at using computers, you may choose to be a (an) ________.A. greeterB. assistant coachC. database managerD. equipment manager38．To become a volunteer at The First Tee, one must ________.A. be a good golferB. have an interviewC. consult Alison BoyleD. promise to work 7 weeksBMost heroes are not super. They don’t appear in comic books, on television, or in movies. They just do what they believe needs to be done to make their world a better place. Bike Batman is one of them.Bike Batman is a 30-year-old married engineer who lives in Seattle, Washington. He’s a cyclist who also buys and sells bikes as a hobby.About three years ago, he was looking for a bike for his wife. He found one on Craigslist, a website where people list things they want to sell. As he often does, he also looked at Bike Index, a popular website that allows users to register their bikes and post reports when they’re taken. The bike, which he was considering purchasing, clearly matched one reported stolen on Bike Index. Then he called the person who claimed to be the bike’s owner and arranged to meet him— supposedly to complete the sale. When the two men met, Bike Batman told the thief, “You’ve got two options. You can wait until a police officer gets here, or you can just get out of here.〞 You can imagine what the thief did.After that first success, Bike Batman developed a safer routine. When he sees questionable bike ads on Craigslist, he cross references the image with bikes reported on Bike Index. Once he has confirmed it with the owner, he arranges a meet-up with the thief and will call the Seattle police department so that officers can participate in the action. In more than half of the 22 cases in which he has got back and returned bikes, the thieves have been arrested. In one case, Bike Batman even helped a family recover a wide range of prized possessions that suspects had stolen during a home burglary.His nickname came from a discussion with a police officer who suggested he be called “Robin Hood〞. Since he wasn’t exactly stealing from the rich and giving to the poor, “Batman〞 seemed a better fit. The idea of a superhero punishing criminals feels pretty silly to him, but the main reason he continues his work is to keep up Seattle’s reputation as a friendly city.39．Bike Batman is ________.A. a superheroB. a website managerC. a Seattle citizenD. a police officer40．When Bike Batman discovers a questionable bike, he will first _____.A. contact the owner of the stolen bikeB. look up the bike’s informationC. call the police departmentD. arrange to meet the thief41．Bike Batman helps find the lost bikes to ________.A. become famousB. help poor peopleC. punish bike thievesD. build a friendly city42．From the passage, we can learn that ________.A. Bike Batman felt relieved to see the thieves arrestedB. Bike Batman began his good deeds by accidentC. the police failed to perform their dutiesD. the thieves refused to return the bikesCThe online takeaway industry is growing in China along with the rapid development of the Internet economy. But environmental activists complain that the huge volume of plastic utensils (用具), wrapping and containers presents a great challenge to the environment, and that the heavy use of throwaway wooden chopsticks is reducing natural resources.On September 1, the Beijing No.4 Intermediate People’s Court accepted a lawsuit filed by the Chongqing Green Volunteer League, an environmental non-government organization (NGO), against the country’s three largest food delivery plat forms—Baidu Waimai, Ele.me and Meituan. The NGO stated that the companies failed to provide customers with the choice to not receive throwaway plastic utensils along with their food deliveries. Meanwhile, these utensils have created large amounts of rubbish and caused serious ecological damage.In response, both Meituan and Ele.me, which acquired Baidu Waimai in August, have promised to take measures to reduce plastic waste. Meituan announced that it would appoint a chief environmental officer to oversee environmental issues from plastic waste and upgrade its smartphone app to provide consumers with the option of ordering food without single-use chopsticks, spoons or napkins. Ele.me followed by offering a similar choice and putting forward a plan to introduce suppliers of degradable (可降解的) plastic utensils to restaurants in the long term.Is there a possible way out? Combined efforts by delivery platforms, consumers, restaurants and government departments are required to address plastic waste pollution.For platforms, promoting environmental protection and introducing this idea to consumers are a meaningful move. Moreover, in the future, they should also make strict rules on the use of plastic utensils. For example, no more than one plastic bag should be used to wrap soup dishes, and all plastic products should be degradable. It is a long and difficult task for them, and the recent reactions from Ele.me and Meituan are just beginnings.Considering most takeout food packaging is thrown into garbage bins and then taken away along with other household garbage, sorting of waste also becomes more important. Government departments could play a major role in this, and by recycling some materials, waste pollution could be reduced and resources saved. Furthermore, there have been growing calls that the government should also invest more in developing degradable plastic products or environmentally friendly alternatives.Though consumers enjoy the convenience yet also suffer exposure to the pollution, many of them have paid little attention to the plastic waste problem. Environmental groups suggest that consumers change their habits a little by using their own utensils and dishes and refusing unnecessary plastic containers.43．The Chongqing Green Volunteer League accused the three food delivery platforms of ________.A. causing damage to people’s healthB. violating environmental standardsC. using many wooden chopsticksD. offering no utensil option44．The author suggests food delivery platforms ________.A. raise people’s a warenessB. research possible alternativesC. upgrade their application designD. hire a chief environmental officer45．Who probably plays a more important role in promoting the categorization of rubbish?A. Government departments.B. Food delivery platforms.C. Environmental groups.D. Fast food restaurants.46．The passage is mainly concerned with ________.A. why environmental problems ariseB. who food delivery platforms affect mostC. how plastic utensil pollution can be solvedD. what efforts environmental groups have madeDOwnership used to be about as straightforward as writing a cheque. If you bought something, you owned it. If it broke, you fixed it. If you no longer wanted it, you sold it or threw it away. In the digital age, however, ownership has become more slippery. Since the coming of smartphones, consumers have been forced to accept that they do not control the software in their devices; they are only licensed to use it. As a digital chain is wrapped ever more tightly around more devices, such as cars and thermostats, who owns and who controls which objects is becoming a problem. Buyers should be aware that some of their most basic property rights are under threat.The trend is not always harmful. Manufacturers seeking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology have good reasons to protect their copyright, ensure that their machines do not break down, support environmental standards and prevent hacking. Sometimes companies use their control over a product’s software for the owners’ benefit. When Hurricane Irma hit Florida this month, Tesla remotely updated the software controlling the batteries of some models to give owners more range to escape the storm.But the more digital strings are attached to goods, the more the balance of control leans towards producers and away from owners. That can be inconvenient. Picking a car is hard enough, but harder still if you have to dig up the instructions that tell you how use is limited and what data you must give. If the products are intentionally designed not to last long, it can also be expensive. Already, items from smartphones to washing machines have become extremely hard to fix, meaning that they are thrown away instead of being repaired.Privacy is also at risk. Users become terrified when iRobot, a robotic vacuum cleaner, not only cleans the floor but also creates a digital map of the inside of a home that can then be sold to advertisers (though themanufacturer says it has no intention of doing so). Cases like this should remind people how jealously they ought to protect their property rights and control who uses the data that is collected.Ownership is not about to go away, but its meaning is changing. This requires careful inspection. Devices, by and large, are sold on the basis that they enable people to do what they want. To the extent they are controlled by somebody else, that freedom is compromised.47．What benefit does it bring to customers if companies control the ownership of products?A. It provides them with knowledge to prevent hacking.B. It gives them the chance to be protected from danger.C. It enables them to own the copyright of the products.D. It helps them know more about complex technology.48．The underlined words “that freedom〞 in the last paragraph refer to the freedom to ________.A. control other peopleB. share the ownershipC. inspect devices at any timeD. use devices as one wishes49．The author may agree ________.A. customers should buy fewer digital devicesB. producers should control property rightsC. property rights need to be protectedD. better after sales service is required50．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionA. B.C. D.四、七选五The Art of Slow ReadingIf you are reading this article in print, chances are that you will only get through half of what I have written. And if you are reading this online, you may not even finish a fifth. 51．They suggest that many of us no longer have the concentration to read articles through to their conclusion.So are we getting stupider? Actually, our online habits are damaging the mental power we need to process and understand textual information. Round-the-clock news makes us read from one article to the next without necessarily engaging fully with any of the content. Our reading is frequently interrupted by the noise of the latest email and we are now absorbing short bursts of words on Twitter and Facebook more regularly than longer texts. 52．But we are gradually forgetting how to sit back, think carefully, and relate all the facts to each other.53．A desperate bunch of academics want us to take our time while reading, and re-reading. They ask us to switch off our computers every so often and rediscover both the joy of personal engagement with printed texts, and the ability to process them fully. What’s to be done then? Most slow readers realize that total rejection of the web is extremely unrealistic. They feel that getaway from technology for a while is the answer. 54．Personally, I’m not sure whether I could ever go offline for long. Even while writing this article, I am switching constantly between sites, skimming too often, absorbing too little. Internet reading has become too rooted in my daily life for me to change. I read essays and articles not in hard copy but as PDFs. I suspect that many readers are in a similar position.55．You can download a computer application called Freedom, which allows you to read in peace by cutting off your Internet connection. Or if you want to avoid being disturbed by the Internet, you could always download offline reader Instapaper for your iPhone. If you’re still reading my article, that is slow reading.A. The Internet is probably part of the problem.B. Now some campaigns are advocating slow reading.C. These are the two findings from the recent research projects.D. But if you just occasionally want to read more slowly, help is at hand.E. Some of them have suggested turning their computers off for one day a week.F. Slow reading can help connect a reader to neighborhood and become popular.G. Because of the Internet, we have become very good at collecting information.第II卷〔非选择题〕五、提纲类作文56．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你写信建议你的美国朋友George 参加中国日报〔China Daily〕专门为外国人举办的2021“最美中国〞〔Amazing China〕摄影大赛。
北京市朝阳区高三年级第一次综合练习英语学科测试2018.3（考试时间100分钟满分120分)本试卷共10页。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____,we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
1.Peter has previous experience, ______I think he’s the right person for the job.A. orB. butC. forD. so2. ––What did the doctor say about your injury?––She said I should avoid doing too much exercise ______ it feels better.A. untilB. sinceC. ifD. while3. The meal itself was not so good—______ was boringly brown including vegetables.A. nothingB. everythingC. anythingD. something4. Don’t worry. A number of efforts are being made ______ the whole system operating normally.A. being keptB. keptC. keepingD. to keep5. Hawking believes the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _____ life has developed gradually.A. thatB. whyC. whereD. whose6. ––Cathy is not coming to your birthday party tonight.––But she ______!A. promisedB. promisesC.will promiseD. had promised7.Don’t forget to send ______ attended the conference a follow-up email.A. howeverB. whateverC. whoeverD. wherever8.Your red coat looks so good. It stood out clearly ______ the snow.A. acrossB. againstC. throughD. over9. Look! Here’s a photo ______ in my classroom at primary school. Can you recognize me in it?A. takenB. takingC. to takeD. being taken10. ––Are the repairs finished yet?––Yes, they ______ when I came back home.A.would be completedB. would completeC. had completedD. had been completed11. Sometimes it seems to bother the teacher ______ all the students are being too quiet.A. howB. whatC. thatD. where12. ______ such a problem before, we handled the situation very well this time.A. Deal withB. Dealing withC. To deal withD. Having dealt with13. It seems late to say anything. We probably ______ it if we had made an offer sooner.A. would have gotB. would getC. had gotD. got14. I think Ana ______ her packing since she started getting things ready early this morning.A. finishesB. has finishedC. had finishedD. would finish15. What I love most about reading novels is ______ the authors vividly describethe characters.A. whatB. whyC. howD. whom第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2018年北京海淀区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、单选1、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第1题1分The course is designed to help students learn to show respect for.A. othersB. bothC. thoseD. either2、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第2题1分He will never make progress in math he really wants to learn it.A. ifB. as long asC. unlessD. in case3、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第3题1分2018年天津河西区高三三模第6题1分2017~2018学年北京丰台区北京市第十二中学高二下学期期中第26题1分A report on food safety in Beijing on January 15th, 2018 and it has received positive reviews.A. publishedB. was publishedC. has publishedD. has been published4、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第4题1分2017~2018学年北京丰台区北京市第十二中学高二下学期期中第27题1分good air quality, the government is replacing coal fuel with natural gas.A. GuaranteedB. GuaranteeingC. To guaranteeD. Guarantee5、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第5题1分leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights.A. WhichB. WhoC. WhicheverD. Whoever6、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第6题1分This problem again? We it many times!A. are discussingB. discussedC. had discussedD. have discussed7、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第7题1分On Sunday morning, Nancy plans for the trip when her mother walked in.A. is reviewingB. will reviewC. was reviewingD. reviewed8、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第8题1分2018年天津河西区高三三模第15题1分—I went to the concert last night. It was fantastic!—You were so lucky! How I wish I the ticket too.A. had gotB. would getC. gotD. get9、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第9题1分Once by the soccer team, you'll need to train three times a week.A. acceptingB. acceptedC. to acceptD. accept10、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第10题1分— Have you heard that Space X sent a Tesla car into space?— Yes.they have achieved is amazing.A. WhereB. HowC. ThatD. What11、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第11题1分It is through decades of hard work China has progressed to a new stage.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what12、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第12题1分The mayor made a statement his concern for the misuse of shared bicycles.A. voicedB. voiceC. voicingD. having voiced13、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第13题1分Michael was happy that he had a roof his head when it rained.A. onB. overC. upD. around14、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第14题1分2018年天津河西区高三三模第12题1分2017~2018学年福建厦门集美区集美中学高一下学期期中第26题1分You something great, otherwise you wouldn't have got the promotion.A. should doB. must doC. should have doneD. must have done15、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第15题1分Across the street is the research center Stephen Hawking made his ground-breaking discoveries in physics.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which二、完形填空16、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第16~35题30分2017~2018学年陕西高三下学期期末模拟十二模第31~50题30分My parents divorced when I was 11 years old. One year later, myfather1providing any type of financial support for us. Times were definitely2then. I remember the threatening calls from bill collectors, and the sound of my mother crying late at night.3the memory that surfaces much more strongly than all the others is one in which I learned a dear lessonabout4.To5our family my mother worked day and night. Driving home late one night, she stopped at a red light. A6car racing up crashed into the back of my mother's car. Amazingly, my mother7, but her car didn't. The driver of the other car was a young man with no8, so he couldn't afford to repair her car. The next day, I saw our neighbors, the Claytons handing my mother an envelope with $500 inside. I remember my9, tough mother insisting that she couldn't take their money. There was no way she could10pay them back.Mr. Clayton said with a smile. "Don't worry about paying us back. When times are better, just help someone else who is in11. That willbe12enough."My mother took his words to heart. A year later, on her way back home from work, she met a young woman holding a crying baby. She invited them into our kitchen and13some food for them.As the night wore on, the young woman's story14. She had run away from an unfortunate marriage, taking only her kid and a handful of15.My mother made them a makeshift bed on our living room couch. Later, I saw her open her purse and hand the young woman some money. I knew that was almost all the money she had, yet I saw such a look of16upon her face as she handed it freely to the girl.Through the years, times continued to be tough for our family. In spite of this, my motherstill17out to help others however she could, whether itwas18money, time, or another form of service.It has been several decades since our neighbors gave their19. The sweet lesson I have learned from the dear neighbor and my mother was that when times are tough, acts of kindness and generosity can make such a20.A. stoppedB. rememberedC. avoidedD. suggestedA. puzzlingB. memorableC. challengingD. valuableA. AndB. SoC. ButD. OrA. acceptingB. respectingC. sharingD. caringA. supportB. educateC. uniteD. serveA. shinyB. speedingC. passingD. costlyA. sufferedB. screamedC. escapedD. survivedA. insuranceB. licenceC. experienceD. familyA. desperateB. inspiringC. proudD. lovingA. secretlyB. possiblyC. naturallyD. seriouslyA. anxietyB. needC. turnD. depressionA. politenessB. successC. paymentD. effortA. cooledB. boughtC. storedD. preparedA. unfoldedB. continuedC. endedD. pausedA. possessionsB. jewelsC. toolsD. pursesA. hesitationB. confusionC. determinationD. cautionA. rushedB. workedC. gaveD. reachedA. aboutB. withC. atD. forA. lessonB. opinionC. chanceD. giftA. senseB. differenceC. requestD. decision三、阅读理解17、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模（A篇）第36~39题8分How do I book a place on Airbnb?When you book a place on Airbnb, you're making arrangements to stay in someone's home. Each hosthas their own style of hospitality, starting with how they like to get to know theirguests. Some hosts want to approve reservations, while others are comfortable letting you book their place instantly without waiting for approval.1. Complete Your Personal DetailsIn either case, it's important to know that Airbnb is a community that relies on trust. Complete your personal details before you request a reservation with a host, so they can know a little bit about you when they confirm. Your personal details should include photos and verifications（证明）, especially because some hosts require guests to have a profile photo and verified ID in order to book.2. Find the Right PlaceWith over 800, 000 unique listings around the world, you'll want to make sure the place you choose has everything you need for a comfortable and memorable trip. When searching for a place, make sure to include your dates and number of guests to get the most accurate pricing. Read reviews, descriptions, house rules, and facilities for each place to see if it's the right fit for your trip. You can always contact the host if you have any questions about their home.3. Book It!You've found the perfect place, and now it's time to make it official. This is where the host's preferred way of booking will determine how you'll confirm your reservation.Instant BookFor hosts who don't want to approve each reservation, you'll see a button on their listing that says Instant Book. Like the name suggests, you can confirm a reservation at these places right away.Request to BookMany hosts prefer to approve reservations before they're final. In this case, you'll see a button on their listing that says Request to Book. To submit a reservation request, you'll need to enter your payment details. Hosts have 24 hours to accept your request, and your reservation is automatically confirmed once they do.Pre-approvals and Special OffersIf you decide to contact the host to ask questions before attempting to book, the host may respond to your message by inviting you to make a reservation with either a Pre-approval or a Special Offer. A Pre-approval is an invitation to finish booking for the dates and number of guests you noted in your message.A Special Offer gives the host the opportunity to provide special pricing, dates, and other reservation details before you book.(1) When filling in your personal information, you need to.A. request a reservation with a hostB. ask for approval from the hostC. provide your proof of identityD. trust the community where you live(2) To know the exact price, you should.A. check the listings online in advanceB. contact the host to ask questions firstC. confirm your dates and number of guestsD. read previous reviews written by other users(3) If you click the Request to Book button, you can.A. get some special discountsB. know the result within a dayC. get the approval immediatelyD. receive a Pre-approval message(4) Where is the passage most probably from?A. A news report.B. A shopping guide.C. A travel magazine.D. A research paper.18、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模（B篇）第40~42题6分When Chris moved in across the hall from Norma Cook four years ago in a Los Angeles area apartment complex, the 31-year-old actor waved to his 85-year-old neighbor for a few weeks before finally knocking on her door and introducing himself."The day I entered her apartment and spoke with her face to face was the day my life was changed forever, " Chris says.He learned that Cook had no family living in California and that she suffered from a long list of illnesses, including leukemia（白血病）. The pair quickly became close friends, as Chris took her to doctor's appointments, cooked with her and they ran errands together. He shared their adventures on social media.But recently, Cook's health declined and she was in and out of the hospital several times. She once spent weeks in the hospital fighting pneumonia（肺炎）and breathing issues. Eventually Cook was told by one of her doctors that she could no longer live at home unless she had 24-hour care. Because Cook had no money saved to pay her health care costs, Chris started a GoFundMe account to help cover her bills.But caretakers are expensive and Cook quickly went through the $34, 445 they raised. Knowing her days at home were limited, Chris invited Cook to move in with him to save money."She loves it! I do most of my work at home so I am here most of the time to care for her. It only made sense to both of us, " Chris wrote."She is my adopted grandmother after all and I am her grandson she never had.""Cook still has weekly hospice health care visits and regular visits from caregivers, so any funds raised cover those expenses, " he wrote.Though doctors say Cook's days are very limited, the pair are enjoying spending time together drinking champagne and snuggling with her cat, Hermes, who also made the move."She does not want to change, " Chris told Today. "My apartment was the only place she would have moved. She has strong opinions about where she wants to carry out the rest of her days, and she wants to stay here."Chris says he feels like the relationship was fate. "Moving her in.. it feels as though it was meant to be all along, " he said. "It's really fulfilling（有成就感的）to be there for her."(1) Chris invited Cook to live with him because she.A. had no other family membersB. was unable to afford 24-hour careC. shared similar adventures with himD. was told not to live at home by the doctor(2) From the passage, we can learn that Chris.A. worked as an actor for GoFundMeB. was legally adopted as Cook's grandsonC. collected money for Cook's private careD. paid Cook's expensive health care costs(3) Which of the following words can best describe Chris?A. Kind and sympathetic.B. Optimistic and friendly.C. Patient and enthusiastic.D. Warm-hearted and outgoing.19、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模（C篇）第43~46题8分2017~2018学年江苏宿迁泗阳县高二下学期期中第8~11题8分(每题2分)2018~2019学年6月黑龙江哈尔滨香坊区哈尔滨市第六中学高一下学期月考第8~11题8分(每题2分)2017~2018学年新疆乌鲁木齐天山区新疆兵团第二中学高二下学期期中第8~11题8分The Lifecycle of a T-shirtWe all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? You'd probably be surprised to learn what's involved in the lifecycle of just one T-shirt.There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal（处理）. The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber（纤维）and not as harmful to the environment as manmade fibers, it still TAL#NBSP takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides（杀虫剂）is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc.—these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are that most of your cotton garments（衣服）are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck…., all of which spill CO2 into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO2emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you've washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let's all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing…It has a real impact on the planet.There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they're too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.(1) The underlined phrase"takes a toll" probably means"" .A. wastes water.B. takes a lot of time.C. uses energy.D. has a bad effect.(2) We can learn from the passage that in the US,.A. pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every yearB. CO2 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mileC. about 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of materials that are recycledD. about 16,000 gallons of water is used annually by an average familyon laundry(3) What can be inferred from this passage?A. The production process may affect water safety.B. The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.C. Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.D. The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.(4) What is the purpose of this article?A. To encourage people to donate clothes to charity.B. To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes.C. To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton.D. To introduce the five stages in the lifecycle of clothing.20、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模（D篇）第47~50题8分2018~2019学年6月黑龙江哈尔滨香坊区哈尔滨市第六中学高一下学期月考第12~15题8分(每题2分)Eudaimonia is an Ancient Greek word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls（缺失）in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modern language: happiness.When we nowadays try to clearly express the purpose of our lives, it is the word "happiness" that we commonly turn to. We tell ourselves and others that the most important principle for our jobs, our relationships and the conduct of our day-to-day lives is the pursuit of happiness. It sounds like an innocent enough idea, but too much reliance on the term means that we frequently unfairly tend to quit or, at least,heavily question a great many challenging but worthwhile situations. The Ancient Greeks did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy; they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as "fulfilment" .What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled and—at the same time—under pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable（易怒的）mood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the word "happiness" to capture, for it's tricky to speak of being happy yet unhappy, or happy yet suffering. However, such a combination is readily accommodated within the respected and noble—sounding idea of Eudaimonia.The word encourages us to trust that many of life's most worthwhile projects will sometimes be in conflict with contentment, and yet will be worth pursuing. Properly exploring our professional talents, managing a household, keeping a relationship going, creating a new business venture or engaging in politics…none of these goals are likely to leave us cheerful and grinning on a daily basis. They will, in fact, involve us in all manner of challenges that will deeply exhaust and weaken us, provoke（激怒）and wound us. And yet we will perhaps, at the end of our lives, still feel that the tasks were worth undertaking. Through them, we'll have achieved something deeper and more interesting than happiness.With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a pain-free existence—and then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood. We'll know that we are trying to do something far more important than smile all the time: we're striving to do justice to our full human potential.(1) What do we know about"Eudaimonia" from the passage?A. It was first created by two Greek philosophers.B. It has received a lot of attention from the public.C. It still has some shortfalls that need to be corrected.D. It was regarded as the purpose of life in ancient Greece.(2) According to Paragraph 3, happiness.A. is the opposite of fulfillmentB. is free from physical or mental painC. stresses the psychological differenceD. serves as a respected and noble life goal(3) We can learn from the passage that.A. aiming for happiness may lead to wrong self-blamingB. goals that wound and weaken us result in happinessC. challenges leading to contentment are worth undertakingD. feeling fulfilled means we should avoid tough situations(4) The passage encourages the readers to.A. find fulfillment with all effortsB. seek for a pain-free existenceC. keep optimistic whatever happensD. balance happiness and suffering四、七选五21、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第51~55题10分2017~2018学年新疆乌鲁木齐天山区新疆兵团第二中学高二下学期期中第16~20题10分2020~2021学年2月广东广州越秀区广州市铁一中学高三下学期月考第16~20题12.5分(每题2.5分)2017~2018学年江苏宿迁泗阳县高二下学期期中第16~20题10分(每题2分)Radar is electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words "radio, direction, and ranging". As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar "sees" with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog.1In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened bywar.2It has been used widely in almost every conflict since then.Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes on an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen. On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object.3Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships.4Weather forecasters"see" the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon. Thus, the device has generated major advancements.5Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic-missiles（战略导弹）warning systems that can alert us to attacks when missiles are more than 1, 000 miles away. Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.A. Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars.B. These measurements are now highly accurate.C. The device can be used in a wide range of fields.D. It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.E. During World War II many countries used radar effectively.F. Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.G. Strengthening national defense is one of radar's most important function.五、书面表达22、【来源】 2018年北京海淀区高三一模第56题15分下面是你的美国朋友Jim给你发的一封邮件。
2018 北京市朝阳区高三（一模）英语2018.03（考试时间100 分钟满分120 分)本试卷共10 页。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共15 小题；每小题 1 分, 共15 分）从每题所给的A、B、C、 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
1. Peter has previous experience, ______ I think he’s the right person for the job.A. orB. butC. forD. so【答案】D2. ––What did the doctor say about your injury?––She said I should avoid doing too much exercise ______ it feels better.A. untilB. sinceC. ifD. while【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句引导词。
A. until直到---为止； B. since自从---以来； C. if 如果；D. while当---时候。
上句：医生对你的伤说了什么？下句：她说我应该避免做太多的运动，直到感觉好一些。
根据句意可知选A。
3. The meal itself was not so good—______ was boringly brown including vegetables.A. nothingB. everythingC. anythingD. something【答案】B【解析】考查不定代词。
2018城区一模七选五锦集：2018海淀一模：Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words radio direction and ranging. As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog. 51In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. 52 It has been used widely in almost every conflict since then.Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes on an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen. On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object. 53 Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. 54 Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon. Thus, the device has generated major advancements.55 Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic—missiles (战略导弹)warning systems that can alert us to attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.A. Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars.B. These measurements are now highly accurate.C. The device can be used in a wide range of fields.D. It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.E. During World War II many countries used radar effectively.F. Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.G. Strengtheni ng national defense is one of radar’s most important functions.2018西城一模：The Art of Slow ReadingIf you are reading this article in print, chances are that you will only get through half of what I have written. And if you are reading this online, you may not even finish a fifth. 51 They suggest that many of us no longer have the concentration to read articles through to their conclusion.So are we getting stupider? Actually, our online habits are damaging the mental power we need to process and understand textual information. Round-the-clock news makes us read from one article to the next without necessarily engaging fully with any of the content. Our reading is frequently interrupted by the noise of the latest email and we are now absorbing short bursts of words on Twitter and Facebook more regularly than longer texts. 52 But we are gradually forgetting how to sit back, think carefully, and relate all the facts to each other.53 A desperate bunch of academics want us to take our time while reading, and re-reading. They ask us to switch off our computers every so often and rediscover both the joy of personal engagement with printed texts, and the ability to process them fully. What’s to be done then? Most slow readers realize that total rejection of the web is extremely unrealistic. They feel that getaway from technology for a while is the answer.54Personally, I’m not sure whether I could ever go offline for long. Even while writing this article, I am switching constantly between sites, skimming too often, absorbing too little. Internet reading has become too rooted in my daily life for me to change. I read essays and articles not in hard copy but as PDFs. I suspect that many readers are in a similar position. 55 You can download a computer application called Freedom, which allows you to read in peace by cutting off your Internet connection. Or if you want to avoid being disturbed by the Internet, you could always download offline reader Instapaper for your iPhone. If you’re still reading my article, that is slow reading.A. The Internet is probably part of the problem.B. Now some campaigns are advocating slow reading.C. These are the two findings from the recent research projects.D. But if you just occasionally want to read more slowly, help is at hand.E. Some of them have suggested turning their computers off for one day a week.F. Slow reading can help connect a reader to neighborhood and become popular.G. Because of the Internet, we have become very good at collecting information.2018东城一模：Where did your family eat dinner last night? In the car on the way to sport? At McDonald’s? Or at the dinner table? A survey taken a few years ago found that 28% families ate dinner together at home seven nights a week. Another quarter said they ate together three or fewer nights a week.Once upon a time the situation was different. 51 Plates, forks and spoons would be laid out. As dinner time approached, an increasing number of hungry mouths would begin to appear with the question, “What’s for dinner”?52 The data seems to point to two main issues: overworked parents and overscheduled children. When mum or dad do get home in the evening, they are soon in the car again to send the children to soccer, music, tutoring, and a host of other events.This nightly ceremony around the dinner table is both vital and fruitful; it is what keeps a family together. Sure, the conversation is not always significant and children argue. And sometimes the deepest and most meaningful times in a family are not at the table at all. 53 The dinner table is the place where a family builds an identity. Stories are passed down, jokes are exchanged and the wider world is examined through the lens（镜头）of a family’s values. Children pick up vocabulary and a sense of how conversation is structured.54 Dinner time is “family time”. Coming back daily to the same place helps gain familiarity.The significance of dinner time is more than above. Studies show that the more families eat together, the less likely the children are to smoke, drink, get depressed, and develop eating disorders, and the more likely they are to do well in school and learn how to socialize. One professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey stated, “A meal is about civilizing children. 55 ”So start by planning some stay at home family dinners together. Just family talk.A. It’s a time to teach them to be a member of their culture.B. Each night the dining table would be set with a simple cloth.C. Why not cut back on a few activities and have dinner with your family?D. What accounts for this decline in families eating together today though?E. They also learn good table manners, something that will benefit them for life.F. It was important for children and parents to sit down together and get to know each other.G. However, there is still something unique about the time a family spends around the dinner table.2018朝阳一模：CharismaAre leaders born or made? Many leaders throughout history—such as Gandhi, Churchill, Napoleon, and MartinLuther K ing—seem t o h ave a s pecial q uality t hat m ade t hem p owerful a nd p ersuasive. W e c an i dentify that quality as charisma, but can we explain it?Charisma means a natural ability to attract other people and make them admire you. It is a complex mixture o f s ocial a nd e motional (情感的) s kills. 51 Richard W iseman, a f amous p sychologist, p oints out that there are three key qualities of a charismatic person: They feel their own emotions strongly; they inspire strong emotions in other people; and they are unaffected by the influences of other charismatic people.You needn’t worry if you don’t have these qualities. 52 Wiseman says that when you come upon someone who is charismatic, you can copy his or her body language and facial expressions without realizing it. This is called mirroring, and it works partly because people’s behavior influences their emotions.53 He proves his point by giving the example of smiling back at someone who s miled at you. Yoursmiling back suggests that you accept the goodwill from the other person and hope to give it back to him.54 For example, if you stand up straight and raise your chest, you are more likely to feelconfident and inspire others to feel confidence in you. Another expert says that the most charismatic people are usually good listeners. They give others the impression of being focused and modest.Charisma plays a large part in success because it is linked to self-confidence. 55____One successful leadership c oach points o ut that you n eed t o c ome by your s kills and techniques naturally, she warns—if the personality you project is not real, you may come across as insincere.A.This type of physical presence can be used to great effect.B.Today there is growing evidence that charisma can be learned.C.Charismatic persons should be active and sensitive to their surroundings.D.It needs to be recognized that charisma is more than just being optimistic.E.It helps to make strong personal connections and communicate effectively with others.F.But it is worth noting that charisma can’t be a pretended ability although it can be learned.G.He adds you’re unaware of picking up others’ gestures, but you know it makes you feel good.2018石景山一模：A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know i t ornot, just by spending time with you.51 Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the p lanetsin solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyone’s reading it. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way. 52 Maybe a kid in the n eighborhood wanted you to steal with him.Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. 53 The idea that “everyone’s doing it” may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind.Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressurecan influence someone to change her/his mind from what she/he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answer-just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer! 5455 Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help youknow the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something when you know better.A.Peers can have a good effect on one another.B.Peer pressure is the direct influence on people by peers.C.Good peers may give you a hand when you are in trouble.D.That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations.E.Maybe one kid in school tried to get another to cut class with him.F.It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done.G.Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing.2018 丰台一模：第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
