（一）
期租合同中, 基本船壳保险费通常是船东承担, 这在最常用的期租格式合同NYPE 1946 中是第1条：1, That the Owners shall provide and pay for ...... all insurance of the vessel ......
可是，如果船舶去战区（很多期租合同的营运区是允许去的），船舶受损的风险增大，保险人会额外加收一笔保费，称为additional premium，附加战争险。NYPE 1946中没有其他关于战争以及保险的条款针对，所以这笔additional premium也要船东承担，第1条里写着呢。
（二）
这样一来，船东会觉得不公平。租金是已经谈定的数目，承租人安排去战区营运，船东没得到任何额外好处，还要承担additional premium？因此，船东通常会要求加一个附加条款，说明附加战区保险费，由承租人承担，例如：
Basic Annual War Risk Insurance on the vessel and/or the Crew to be for the Owners' account.
Should Owners agree to proceed to any country or countries, listed as Joint War Comm ittee (JWC) hull war, strikes, terrorism and related perils listed areas, any extra or addi tional War Risk Insurance premiums charged by the Owners' Underwriters by reason of the vessel trading under this Charter Party to be for the Charterers' account and to b e refunded to the Owners by the Charterers upon receipt of originals of Owners' Under writers invoices, if available, and if not available then Insurance brokers voices.
这样，附加战争保险费就转嫁到承租人身上。毕竟承租人安排去船舶战区，通常在转租租金或运费上已获得补偿，所以一般会接受这种条款。
（三）
注意上面条款的措辞，是any extra or additional War Risk Insurance premiums charged by t he Owners' Underwriters。也曾出过问题，有期租条款写成any increase of War Risk Insuranc e premiums charged by the Owners' Underwriters。麻烦来了：
additional和increase of，好像差不多，有区别吗？有的。承租人认为他们只承担额外战争保费的增加部分，而在船舶前往战区时与订立合同时相比，附加战争保费一直没有变化，也就是说没有增加，所以额外的附加保费都由船东承担，承租人一分钱也不付。法官判要按合同条款的字面意思解释，承租人胜诉。船东掉进了陷阱，吃了个哑巴亏。
可见，即使租船条款的一个很普通的单词，也不能掉以轻心。
（四）
随着船舶保险行业的竞争越来越激烈，保险人会采取各种方式吸引船东投保，其中之一就是保费回扣或称保费返还。即把船东支付的保费，返还给船东一定比例，有时甚至高达50%以上。
国际航运市场中期租承租人大都是行业中的老手，自然知道个中奥妙。我承租人付了附加战争险的保费，你船东白白拿走一半的回扣，哪有这个道理？于是又要在租约中加条款了：
The benefits of discounts or rebates on Additional Premium received by owners from th eir War Risks insurers, underwriters or brokers shall be credited to Charterers in full.
规定船东拿到保费回扣，要退还给承租人。问题是，承租人如何去查证有没有回扣，有多少回扣？船东和保险人关系密切，不会轻易给第三方披露保险协议，甚至保险人可能作假欺骗第三方。
听说过一个故事，期租下承租人猜测船东拿到了保费回扣，要求按合同规定退还，但船东否认。于是承租人向法院申请要船东披露给保险人汇保费的银行付款凭证。没办法，不能藐视法庭啊，船东只能披露，果然就付了一半保费。但船东另有妙招，搞出一个与保险人的协议，说明保费先付一半，剩下一半将来慢慢付，那可不是回扣。当然付不付鬼知道。这下轮到承租人傻眼了，明知这个协议十有八九是假的，苦于没有证据，只好不了了之。船东的回扣落袋为安。
可谓道高一尺，魔高一丈！
（五）
如何挤干附加保险费里的水分？要回扣的方式好像有困难，承租人另想办法，要求条款订明“附加保费费率不得超过伦敦保险市场的费率水平”，例如：
Any additional premium net of all rebates in respect of these risks solely arising from t he vessel proce eding at the Charterers’ request to areas designated as excluded areas by vessel’s war risks Underwriters to be for Charterers’ account, however, not to excee d what would have been quoted or charged if the vessel was covered on the London market.
其实伦敦船舶保险市场，并没有统一的标准费率。伦敦的不同保险商，费率可能会有很大差异。因此，这个条款操作性不强，也容易引起争议，船东应该尽量避免。
（六）
BIMCO拟定的期租合同中的战争条款（代码：CONWARTIME，网上可以检索到全文），十分详尽，其中第4款就是针对附加战争保险费，摘录1993版本如下：
4 (a) The Owners may effect war risks insurance in respect of the Hull and Machinery of the Vessel and their other interests (including, but not limited to, loss of earnings a nd detention, the crew and their Protection and Indemnity Risks), and the premiums a nd/or calls therefore shall be for their account.
(b) If the underwriters of such insurance should require payment of premiums and/or c alls because, pursuant to the Charterers' orders, the Vessel is within, or is due to ente r and remain within, any area or areas which are specified by such Underwriters as bei ng subject to additional premiums because of War Risks, then such premiums and/or c alls shall be reimbursed by the Charterers to the Owners at the same time as the next payment of hire is due.
