2018年中考英语总复习(河南)课件+考点跟踪突破题型二 完形填空

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题型二完形填空,考向导航)分析并研究河南近五年中招真题可知,完形填空的文体均为记叙文,以简短小故事为主(叙事特点显著),从2016年开始将原先的15道小题缩减至10道小题,一定程度上降低了考查难度。

设题特点在于首句一般不设空,且基本上一句一空,必考点集中于动词(3个左右)、名词(2个左右)及形容词辨析;从属连词、副词辨析属于高频考点;介词辨析及疑问词属于重点考查内容。

,解题技法)1.浏览全文,了解大意。

完形填空题是一篇意思完整的短文,准确理解短文是解答此类题的关键。

在做此类题时,要跳过空格,将全文快速浏览一遍,对文章内容有一个大概的了解。

在阅读时,我们不需要看到全部的信息,根据部分信息就可以了解大意。

千万不要读一句填一句,因为完形填空题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后在语法上都成立,但从全文看却并非正确答案。

2.瞻前顾后,初选答案。

了解文章大意后便要开始填入所缺部分。

在选择答案时,一定要考虑到上下文的逻辑关系,前后对照,从上下文找出关键性启示。

同时兼顾句子的结构、习惯用法、固定搭配和词类的功能。

先选出比较容易的答案,遇到较难的题,可以跳过此题,继续做后面的题,完形填空题文章前后、上下多有暗示和线索提示。

3.逐句细读,逐题分析。

初读初选后,还有一些题目没有思路,此时就要逐句细读,逐题分析选项,对上一步骤未确定的个别试题多方推敲,合理推理,多角度考虑,选择答案。

4.复读全文,再次斟酌。

初定选项后,很重要的一步就是要将整篇文章复读一遍,对答案进行核实调整,清除疏漏。

再次迅速复读,对短文的理解会更为深刻,更容易判断有疑点或误解的地方,因此这个步骤尤为重要。

,真题剖析)(2017,河南)A giant panda ran away from the zoo in London. He walked and walked and became__1__. He walked into a restaurant, where he found a__2__ at an empty table. The waiter took the panda's order.After he__3__ his dinner, the panda stood up, calmly pulled out a gun which he had hidden, and fired into the air.__4__ he turned around and walked toward the door.Naturally, the waiter was horrified(恐惧的), but he tried hard to pull himself together and stopped him for a(n)__5__.The panda said to him, “What do I look like to__6__?”The waiter answered, “Well, a giant panda, of course.”“That's right,”said the panda. “Look it up.”And he walked out.The waiter called the__7__. When they arrived the waiter told them the whole story,__8__ the panda's words “looking it up”. So the police officer__9__ a young man out to get an encyclopedia(百科全书).The young man returned with the encyclopedia. The officer__10__“panda” and there was the answer,“Giant panda, lives in China, eats shoots (竹笋) and leaves.”1. A. tired B. angry C. crazy D. hungry2. A. seat B. note C. waiter D. newspaper3. A. ordered B. finished C. served D. cooked4. A. So B. Once C. Then D. Also5. A. talk B. excuseC. questionD. explanation6. A. us B. him C. you D. them7. A. bosses B. policeC. neighborsD. customers8. A. about B. like C. without D. including9. A. sent B. took C. drove D. invited10. A. turned to B. asked forC. looked upD. called on主旨大意:文章讲述了一只从伦敦一个动物园逃跑的大熊猫去一家饭店吃了饭没付钱就走,并拿枪在空中打了一枪,服务员向他讨要一个解释,大熊猫反问服务员自己看起来像什么,服务员回答说是只熊猫,这只大熊猫回答“没错”,并叫他去查阅资料。

之后服务员报警并说明了原委,警察们在百科全书上查到了答案,书上显示:大熊猫生活在中国,吃了竹笋就离开。

原来是大熊猫将此处的leaves(树叶)理解成了leaves(离开)。

答案详解:1.D 【语境推断】考查形容词词义辨析。

tired累的;angry生气的;crazy疯狂的;hungry饿的。

根据下一句“He walked into a restaurant”可知他是去吃饭,故此句句意应是“他走着走着,感到饿了。

”2.A 【语境推断】考查名词词义辨析。

seat座位;note笔记;waiter服务员;newspaper报纸。

根据下一句“The waiter took the panda's order.”可推测此处表示在空桌旁他找到了一个座位。

3.B 【语境推断】考查动词词义辨析。

ordered命令,订购;finished完成;served服务;cooked烹饪。

结合当前语境和本段最后一句可知此处表示他吃完晚饭后,熊猫站了起来准备离开。

4.C 【逻辑推理】考查连词词义辨析。

So因此,所以;Once曾经,一旦;Then然后;Also也。

由文中一系列的动作描述“he turned around and walked toward the door”与“the panda stood up,calmly pulled out a gun which he had hidden,and fired into the air.”是连续性的顺承关系,表示开了枪,然后朝门口走去。

5.D 【语境推断】考查名词词义辨析。

talk谈话;excuse借口;question问题;explanation 解释。

由上文大熊猫吃饭不付钱离开和下文服务员叫来了警察,可推测此处表示服务员们想向大熊猫要一个解释或说法。

6.C 【语境推断】考查人称代词。

us是we的宾格形式,表示“我们”;him是he的宾格形式,表示“他”;you主格与宾格相同,表示“你”;them是they的宾格形式,表示“他(她、它)们”。

“What do I look like to__6__?”是熊猫对服务员说的直接引语,应该用第二人称you来指代服务员。

7.B 【词汇复现】考查名词词义辨析。

bosses老板;police警察;neighbors邻居;customers 顾客。

由下文中“So the police officer__9__ a young man out to get an encyclopedia(百科全书).”可知此处表示的是这个服务员报了警,叫来了警察。

8.D 【语境推断】考查介词词义辨析。

about关于;like像;without没有;including包括。

由“So the police officer__9__a young man out to get an encyclopedia(百科全书).”可知警察是要在百科全书中查阅资料,所以此处表示服务员告诉警察的内容包括“look it up”。

9.A 【语境推断】考查动词词义辨析。

sent送,派遣;took带走;drove开车;invited 邀请。

结合语境可知此处表示“所以这个警察把一个年轻人派出去拿一本百科全书”。

10.C 【固定搭配】考查动词短语辨析。

turned to转向,向……求助;asked for向……要;looked up查阅;called on号召。

根据下文的“Giant panda,lives in China,eats shoots(竹笋) and leaves.”是对“panda”的定义,可推知此处表示警察在百科全书上查阅了“panda”这个单词,查阅用looked up。

,考点详解)语境推断:此类题目是河南近五年完形填空最主要的命题角度。

一般而言,抛开上下文语境,每个选项都有意义,但是结合文章具体语境,只有一个正确答案。

解答此类题目,理解每个选项的意思是基础,然后再结合具体语境进行正向或逆向推理来辨别。

逻辑推理:此类题目一般可分两种情况:(1)通读全文后结合整篇文章进行推理;(2)对前后句之间的逻辑关系进行合理的推导,需要考生依据前后句之间的逻辑关系(并列关系、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、顺承关系等)进行推理。

词汇复现:作为中招考试的一个重要命题点,在今年的考题中仍有呈现。

如果考查的是名词、动词、形容词等,且根据语境无法推断出答案,可能需要利用语境再现的情况,从上下文找出表达相近的句子或近义句,然后找出其中相同或相近的词组。

固定搭配:此类题目的设置就是要求学生在日常的学习中多多积累名词短语、动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、习惯表达及固定句型等。

【即时自测】Cloze 1 (2017, 广西四市联考)A boy was sent by his parents to a boarding(寄宿)school. Before going to the boarding school, this boy was the __1__ student in his class. He was at the top in every competition. But the boy changed after leaving home and attending the boarding school. His grades(成绩)started dropping. He hated being in a group. He was __2__ all the time.His parents started __3__ the boy. So his dad decided to travel to the boarding school and talk with him. They sat by the lake near the school. The father started to ask him some __4__ about his classes, teachers and sports. After some time his dad said, “Dear, do you know __5__ I'm here today?”The boy answered back, “To check my __6__ ?”“No, no,”his dad __7__,“I'm here to tell you that you are the most important person for me. I want to see you happy. I don't care about grades. I care about your happiness. YOU ARE MY LIFE.”These words caused the boy's eyes to fill __8__ tears. He hugged his dad. They didn't say __9__ to each other for a long time. The boy knew there was someone on this Earth who cared for him __10__. Today this young man is in college and is at the top of his class. No one has ever seen him sad!1. A. fastest B. worst C. best D. healthiest2. A. excited B. lonely C. active D. honest3. A. calling on B. looking forC. finding outD. worrying about4. A. agreements B. reasonsC. questionsD. lessons5. A. when B. where C. how D. why6. A. grades B. groups C. sports D. health7. A. read B. replied C. wrote D. thought8. A. with B. up C. in D. out9. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything10. A. hardly B. quickly C. heavily D. deeplyCloze 2 (2017, 长沙改编)A father and his daughter were flying a kite in the park. The young daughter was a little bit tired, so they took a __1__ on the bench(凳子). When the daughter saw an old man selling apples, she asked her father to buy her an apple. Her father didn't bring much money with him, but it was enough to buy two apples. So he did, and gave __2__ of them to his daughter, smiling.His daughter held one apple in her left hand and the other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could __3__ one of the apples with him. When the girl heard this, she quickly took a bite(咬)from one apple. And before her father could speak, she also took a bite from the __4__ apple.The father was __5__. He wondered what mistake he made so that his daughter acted in such a greedy(贪婪的) way. He was lost in thought. Perhaps he was just thinking too much. His daughterwas too __6__ to understand about sharing and giving. A smile disappeared from his face.Suddenly, his daughter with an apple in her left hand said, “Daddy, have this one! It is much juicier and __7__.” Her father was speechless. He felt __8__ about making the judgment(判断) so quickly about a small child. But his smile __9__ knowing why his daughter quickly took a bite from each apple.Don't judge anything or draw a conclusion(结论) too quickly. __10__ spare some more time to understand things better.1. A. walk B. shower C. break D. rest2. A. both B. either C. neither D. none3. A. cut B. wash C.spare D. share4. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth5. A. satisfied B. surprisedC. excitedD. shacked6. A. brave B. silly C.wise D. young7. A. sweeter B. bitterer C.hotter D. saltier8. A. proud B. great C.worried D. bad9. A. went away B. take onC. came backD. ran off10. A. Always B. NeverC. OftenD. Seldom【即时自测】参考答案Cloze 1【主旨大旨】本文是一篇记叙文。