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Dictation [U5]AVisitors to Britain are often surprised to find that the weather is an almost inexhaustible topic of conversation. This is not because the British are too dull to think of anything else to talk about, but because there is always an element of surprise in the British climate. In some countries, people can put away their raincoats for several weeks and let out their fires during the burning heat of the summer. Not so in England, when they never know from one day to the next what is in store for them.One year, they had a spell of very hot weather in early June and Mr. and Mrs. Brown decided to spend the weekend at the seaside. When everything was in the car, Mr. Brown drove towards the coast. Not for long, the sky began to cloud over, and by the time they arrived, it was dismal and wet. The cold wind reminded them sharply of winter. They had to sit round the fire playing indoor games.BThe doctor is making the rounds of the wards. He asks the patient many questions. But he seems to be a little hard of hearing. He cannot hear the patient’s words. So the nurse repeats the patient’s words to the doctor. The patient wants to know if he is in hospital, if there has been an accident; if he has been badly hurt; and if he will be in hospital long. The doctor answers all his questions. He says that he is in hospital, that there has been an accident, that he has not been badly hurt, And that he will not be in hospital long.[U6]AHobbies are special interests for your spare time. They are not sports or games. They are things people do because they want to, not because they have to. To a hotel chef, cooking chef, cooking is not a hobby, but a job. But to another person, cooking might well be a hobby, if they do not really need to do it.As your knowledge of a hobby grows, you may find it will help you to decide what you want to do when you grow up. A boy who is clever at making model aircraft may well decide that he has a future in aircraft engineering or design. Many well-known photographers first leaned their art as a hobby.Many young people get satisfaction from collecting things. Autographers, stamps, and coins are some of the most sought-after collector’s items. With patience you can build up an interesting and valuable collection.。
Dictation (Unit One)With hope of finding more survivors/of Turkey’s devastating earthquake/now all but gone, / the Turkish authorities are turning their attention / to caring for those who have survived.A full-scale relief effort / in the area hit by the earthquake /is finally beginning after days of confusion. / Turkish and foreign volunteers / have been joined by soldiers and the police, / and heavy equipment /sent by nearby cities and by private companies / has been moved to almost every victimized town.The Minister of Housing estimated that / 60,000 buildings had been either destroyed/ or seriously damaged in the quake. / It is hoped that /within a few days, / many of the homeless / will be moved /out of the fields and tents /where they are now living. / Forty-two countries and 38 international organizations / have sent aid to Turkey. / The World Bank had sent $200 million/for housing construction.Dictation (Unit Two)I think / that a successful old age is easiest for those / who have strong impersonal interests / leading to suitable activities. / It is in these activities / that long experience is really fruitful, / and the wisdom born of experience /can be used /without becoming a burden. / It is no use telling grown-up children / not to make mistakes, / both because they will not believe you, / and because mistakes are an essential part of education. / But if you are one of those /who are incapable of /impersonal interests, / you may find that /your life will be empty / unless you concern yourself / with your children and grandchildren. / In that case/ you must realize /that while you can still help them / in material ways, / you must not expect /that they will enjoy your company.Dictation (Unit Three)Love means that I know the person I love. / I’m aware of the many sides of the other person / —not just the beautiful side / but also the limitations. / I have an awareness / of the other’s feelings and thoughts. / I can see the other person on a deeper level.Love means that I care about the welfare / of the person I love. / If I care about yr, / I am concerned about your growth, / and I hope you will become / all that you can become.Love means trusting the person I love. / If I love you, /I trust that you will accept my caring and my love / and that you won’t deliberately hurt me. / I trust/ that you will find me lovable / and that you won’t abandon me. / If we trust each other, / we are willing to be open to each other / and reveal our true selves.Dictation (Unit Four)The main reason for the widespread demand for English / is its present-day importance as a world language. / Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, /English is a language / in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, / and not always by native speakers. / It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, /especially former British colonies. / Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations /and need a language for internal communication / in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication / and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the west.Dictation (Unit Five)With the invention of the radio, /newspaper publishers wondered / how broadcasting would affect them. / Many feared / that the radio as a quick and easy means of keeping people informed /would displace the newspaper industry altogether.Others hoped /that the brief newscast heard on the air / would stimulate listener s’ interest in the story/ so they’d buy the paper to get more information. / This second idea turned out to be closer to the truth. / Radio and print actually supported each other. /However, this is not always the case. /Take television and motion pictures for example. / With the popularization of TV, /the motion picture suffered greatly. /Movie attendance dropped / when people chose to stay at home and be entertained.Dictation (Unit Six)My Berlin diary for December 2 / was limited to four words. / “Only three more days!”The Foreign Office was still holding up / my passport and exit visa, / which worried me. / I had to get my passport and official permission / to leave on December 5.There was one other thing to do. / For weeks I had thought over / how to get my diaries safely out of Berlin. / At some moments / I had thought / I ought to destroy them before leaving. / There was enough in them / to get me hanged.The morning I got my passport and exit visa / I realized I had less than twenty-four hours / to figure out a way / of getting my Berlin diaries out. / Ｉagain thought of destroying them, / but I wanted very much to keep them, if I could. /Suddenly, later that morning, / the solution became clear. It was risky, / but it was worth a try.Dictation (Unit Seven)Professors may establish social relationships with students / outside of the classroom, /but in the classroom they maintain the instructor’s role. / A professor may have coffee one day with students / but the next day expect them to meet a deadline / for the submission of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. / The professor may give extra attention outside of class / to a student in need of help / but probably will not treat him or her differently / when it comes to evaluating schoolwork. / Professors have several roles in relation to students; / they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers./ Students must realize / that when a teacher’s role changes, / they must appropriately adapt their behavior and attitudes.Dictation (Unit Eight)It could be the title of a 21st-century movie: /“Death by Global Warming.” Instead, it is a real-life warning / from an American university ecologist / who believes /global warming may account for /millions of human deaths from disease. /Right now / the evidence of / significant global climate change /is minimal, / but there are already noticeable increases/ in human disease worldwide. / Most of the increase in disease /is due to numerous environmental factors, /including infectious disease, / pollution by chemicals / and biological wastes, / and shortage of food. /Global warming will only / make matters worse.Global climate change /will result in a loss of available food. /Although there may be some benefits / in crop production from warmer climates, /these beneficial effects / will not be so great./ Crop losses from plant disease and weeds / will increase in a warmer climate.Dictation (Unit Nine)Wealth achieved through dishonest means / does not bring happiness. / Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. / Wealth left by parents / does not bring happiness. / In fact, / money alone is almost worthless. / If you have both self-esteem and money, / you may be well on the way to happiness. / However, what is still missing in both self-esteem and money/ is productive work and a real contribution /towards the happiness of others. / The secret to happiness / lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others. / You can fool others / but you can never fool yourself. / If you have taken advantage of / or hurt others to earn your wealth, / you will not be happy. / You will not like yourself. / You will not feel you are capable.Dictation (Unit Ten)As the eldest son of my parents / who were themselves poor, / I had to, fortunately, / begin to do some work / while still very young / in order to earn a living, / and therefore came to understand / in early boyhood / that my duty was to assist my parents / and become, as soon as possible, / a breadwinner in the family.It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve / to rise every morning, except Sunday, / to go to the factory / while it was still dark, / and not to be released / until after darkness came again in the evening, / with only a forty-minute break at noon.But I was young and had my dreams, / and something within always told me /that this would not, could not, should not last / —I should some day get into a better position. / Also, I felt myself no longer a mere boy, / but quite a little man, / and this made me happy.Dictation (Unit Eleven)Take the control away from your offender. / Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person / who caused you pain. / Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, /learn to look for the love, / beauty and kindness around you.Try to see things /from the other person’s perspective. / If you empathize with that person, / you may realize /that he or she was acting / out of ignorance, fear —even love. / To gain perspective, / you may want to write a letter to yourself / from your offender’s point of view.Recognize benefits of forgiveness. / Research has shown /that people who forgive / report more energy, /better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don’t forget to forgive yourself. / For some people, /forgiving themselves / is the biggest challenge. / But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do so.Dictation (Unit Twelve)Moral Intelligence is the theory / put forth by Dr. Coles, / that children learn some of the most important lessons / by observing the behavior of those around them / in authority positions / (mainly parents and teachers). / His background in child psychology / is deep and he makes / full use of ideas /from other experts/ in the field. / His theory goes beyond the teaching of moral lessons / such as “you shouldn’t steal, or lie”/ and reaches a deeper level of analysis. / He theorizes/ that children pick up / and retain information about moral behavior /from witnessing the action of others. / He feels that this manner of learning / has a more lasting impact on children. / Moral intelligence is created by children, /but can be modeled by proper guidance.Dictation (Unit Thirteen)Karl Marx was the most important of all socialist thinkers / and the creator of a system of thought called Marxism, / and the political system called communism. /Marx developed his revolutionary theories /over a period of four decades beginning in 1843. / He formulated his theories / with the intention to liberate wage workers or laborers /from the capitalist societies of nineteenth-century Europe. / He maintained that in order to emancipate humanity / from economic domination, / a social revolution was needed. / He helped to organize the international socialist movement. / His ideas motivated radical activists / who joined his call to overthrow capitalism. / Marxism, reduced to the theory / that all events are caused by economic self-interest, / had a strong influence on many areas of though / from politics to history to literature.Dictation (Unit Fourteen)Good luck to the Bridge and Groom. / Many ancient practices /that were supposed to prevent bad luck / and bring blessings to the bridal pair/ have come down through the years. / In many Western countries / people shower the bridal pair with confetti / to express the hope that the couple will be blessed with children. / Tin cans or old shoes are sometimes tied to the automobile / that carries the bride and groom away. / This practice may have come out of the ancient belief / that loud noises frighten bad spirits away. / To assure good luck, / brides often heed the old saying and wear for the wedding / “something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue.” / The bride’s good fortune in getting a husband/ may be handed on to the unmarried girl / who catches the bride’s bouquet after the marriage. / According to an old belief / the groom carried his bride over the threshold of their new home / to protect her form being caught /by any mischievous sprits hiding nearby.。
Every color has a meaning. And as you choose a color, you might like to remember that it's saying something. We've said that red is lovable. Green, on the other hand, stands for hope; it is tranquil. Pink is romantic, while brown is serious. White is an easy one—white is pure. Orange is generous. Violet is mysterious, turquoise is strong and blue is definitely feminineOurs is a very expensive perfume. When people see it or hear the name we want them to think of luxury. There are many ways to do this. You show a woman in a fur coat, in a silk evening dress, maybe covered in diamonds. You can show an expensive car, an expensive restaurant, or a man in a tuxedo. We decided to do something different. We show a beautiful woman, simply but elegantly dressed, beside a series of paintings by Leonardo da Vinci, and it works. Because she is wearing the perfume, and because she is next to expensive and beautiful paintings, our perfume must be beautiful and expensive too. It does work.I have always been interested in making things. When I was a child I used to enjoy painting, but I also liked making things out of clay. I managed to win a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen. That is probably the reason that I managed to get into art college four years later. But I studied painting at first, not pottery.I like being a potter because I like to work with my hands and feel the clay; I enjoy working on a potter's wheel. I'm happy working by myself and being near my home.I don't like mass-produced things. I think crafts and craftspeople are very important. When I left college I managed to get a grant from the Council, and I hope to become a full-time craftswoman. This workshop is small, but I hope to move to a larger one next year.Are you a morning person or an evening person? That's the question. When do you work best? For me the answer is easy. I work best in the morning. All my creative work is done before lunchtime. I get up at about eight, and then have breakfast. I listen to the radio a bit, and read the papers. And I start. Usually I work from nine or nine thirty until twelve but after that I'm useless. On a good day I write fifteen hundred words or more, sometimes two thousand words, in the morning. Then after lunch I go for a walk, or read. In the evening I like to relax, go to the pub or go out and meet people. If you're a writer you need self-discipline. But if you're tired, it shows: the mind and body must be fresh.Well, I think that this problem of teenagers getting into trouble with the law is mainly caused by unemployment. You see, because of the high level of unemployment, so many teenagers nowadays leave school and find that they have no chance of getting a job, and this obviously makes them feel bored and frustrated. And as a result of this, they're much more likely to get drunk and so on. Another thing of course is that you get groups of unemployed teenagers wandering around the streets with nothing to do, which can easily lead to trouble of one sort or another.It was early afternoon, and the beach was almost empty. It was getting hot now. Most of the tourists were still finishing their lunch back at the hotel, or taking their afternoon siesta in the air-conditioned comfort of their rooms. One or two Englishmen were still lying stretched out on the sand, determined to go home with a good suntan, and a few local children were splashing around in the clear shallow water. There was a large yacht moving slowly across the bay. The girl was on board. She was standing at the back of the boat, getting ready to dive. Jason put on his sunglasses and casually wandered down towards the sandy beach.Jacqueling got out of the bus and looked around her. It was typical of the small villages of that part of the country. The houses stood in two long lines on either side of the dusty road which led to the capital. In the square, the paint was peeling off the Town Hall, and some small children were running up and down its steps, laughing. On the other side there were a few old men sitting outside a cafe playing backgammon and smoking their pipes. A lonely donkey was quietly munching the long dry grass at the foot of the statue that stood in the center of the square. Jacqueling sighed.My problem is with my mother, who is now well over seventy and a widow and becoming very fragile, and she really needs my help. But where she lives, in the country, there's no work available for me—I'm a designer—and she can't come and live with me because she says she doesn't like the climate because it's too bad for her rheumatism, which is actually true—it's very cold here. And if I go and work there as something else where she lives, perhaps as a secretary, it means we have to take drastic drop in salary. So I don't really know what to do.。
趣味英语：当即立断
1．背口诀记单词现在我来dictate (口述)
快买那片estate (地产)
决不能再hesitate (犹豫)
对手会把我们imitate (模仿)
2．识音标，记单词
dictate v.口述，口授，使听写，指令，指示，命令，规定；n.指示estate n.状态，不动产，时期，阶层，财产
hesitate v.犹豫，踌躇，不愿
imitate vt.模仿，仿效，仿制，仿造；v.模仿
3．邻里邻外
dictate---把dictate里的e换为ion变为：dictation n.听写，口述imitate---在imitate后加d变为：imitated adj.模仿的，效法的，假冒的4．佳句背诵
He obeyed the dictates of his conscience.
他凭良心做事。
Frugality is an estate alone.
节俭本身就是一宗财产。
He who hesitates is lost.
迟疑失良机。
Decide what you want to do; don't just imitate others.
决定你想做什么，不要只是模仿别人。
Unit 1 DictationWith hope of finding more survivors / of Turkey’s devastating earthquake / now all but gone, / the Turkish authorities are turning their attention / to caring for those who have survived.A full-scale relief effort / in the area hit by the earthquake / is finally beginning after days of confusion. / Turkish and foreign volunteers / have been joined by soldiers and the police, / and heavy equipment /sent by nearby cities and by private companies / has been moved to a lmost every victimized town.The Minister of Housing estimated that / 60,000 buildings had been either destroyed / or seriously damaged in the quake. / It is hoped that / within a few days, / many of the homeless / will be moved / out of the fields and tents / where they were now living. / 42 countries and 38 international organizations / have sent aid to Turkey. / The World Bank had sent $200 million / for housing construction.Unit 2 DictationI think / that a successful old age is easiest for those / who have strong impersonal interests / leading to suitable activities. / It is in these activities / that long experience is really fruitful, / and that the wisdom born of experience / can be used / without becoming aburden. / It is no use telling grown-up children / not to make mistakes, / both because they will not believe you, / and because mistakes are an essential part of education. / But if you are one of those / who are incapable of / impersonal interests, / you may find that / your life will be empty / unless you concern yourself / with your children and grandchildren. / In that case / you must realize / that while you can still help them / in material ways, / you must not expect / that they will enjoy your company.Unit 3 DictationLove means that I know the person I love. / I’m aware of the many sides of the other person / — not just the beautiful side / but also the limitations. / I have an awareness / of the other’s feelings and thoughts. / I can see the other person on a deeper level.Love means that I care about the welfare / of the person I love. / If I care about you, / I’m concerned about your growth, / and I hope you will become / all that you can become./Love means trusting the person I love. / If I love you, / I trust that you will accept my caring and my love / and that you won’t deliberately hurt me. / I trust / that you will find me lovable / and that you won’t abandon me. / If we trust each other, / we are willing / to be open to each other / and reveal our true selves.。
Dictation (2001)To improve your reading habits,/ you must understand the characteristics of a good reader./ First, the good reader usually reads rapidly./ Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate./ But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text,/ his reading rate is relatively fast./ He has learned to read for ideas rather than words one at a time./ Next, the good reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details./ Thus he is able to comprehend the material/ with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest./ Finally, the good reader has at his command several special skills,/ which he can apply to reading problems as they occur./ For the college students, the most helpful of these skills include/ making use of the various aids to understanding that most textbooks provide/ and skim-reading for a general survey.Dictation (2003)Every year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean / into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers./ Passing through the waters, around rocks and waterfalls,/ the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes./ They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs./ Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die./ They have finished the task that nature has given them./ Months or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean./ They live in the salt water from two to seven years,/ until they, too, are ready to swim back to reproduce./ Their life circle helps man provide himself with a basic food --- fish./ When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for annual trip up the rivers,/ they are in the best possible condition,/ and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet/ ready to catch thousands for markets.Dictation (1994)The American family unit is changing./ There used to be mainly two types of families: the extended and the nuclear./ The former included mother, father, children and some other relatives,/ such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby./ Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial,/ people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities./ These moves split up the extended family./ The nuclear family, consisting of only parents and children, has therefore become far more widespread./ Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse combinations./ With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there is an increase in single parent homes/ --- a father or mother living with one or more children./ Blended families occur when the divorced men or women remarry/ and combine the children from the former marriage into a new family./ On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples,/ while one in five Americans lives alone.。
Quiz 1Scientists are working to develop new drugs that someday may slow, reverse, or prevent the 1 caused by Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. In the meantime, people who have no dementia 2 can try to keep their memory 3 . Some suggestions include developing interests or hobbies and staying 4 in activities that stimulate both the mind and body. Giving careful attention to physical 5 and exercise may also go a long way toward keeping a healthy state of 6 . Limiting the use of alcoholic drinks is important because heavy drinking 7 time can cause permanent brain damage. Many people find it useful to plan tasks; make "things to do" lists; and use notes, calendars, and other memory aids.8 , such as a familiar name, song, or lines from a poem.9 . Forgetfulness caused by these emotions usually is temporary and goes away when the feelings are over. However, if these feelings last for a long period of time, getting help from a professional is important. Some physical and mental changes occur with age in healthy people. However, 10 , not only part of normal aging.(1)damage; (2) symptoms; (3) sharp; (4) involved; (5) fitness; (6) mind; (7) over;(8) They also may remember things better by mentally connecting them to other meaningful things;(9) Stress, anxiety, or depression can make a person more forgetful;(10) much pain and suffering can be avoided if older people, their families, and their doctors recognize dementia as a disease;Quiz 2As you may have already discovered, paying 1 a quality education in the United States can be very expensive. But 2 proper preparation, you may minimize the costs of this extraordinary 3 ; visit our Financing page to learn more about paying for 4 . In this section, we 5 money matters that you may on a daily basis during your 7 in the States.8 . There are other options such as credit cards or traveler's checks, which are all valid forms with which to pay for things in U.S.A.9 . If you choose to carry traveler's checks with you from your home country to the States, be sure they are denominated in U.S. funds. Most businesses—except taxi drivers and public transportation personnel—will accept U.S.-denominated traveler's checks during regular business hours, typically between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday.10 .(1) For; (2) with; (3) opportunity; (4) tuition; (5) explore; (6) encounter; (7) adventure;(8) As with any country, it is not advisable to carry large amounts of cash around with you;(9) Traveler's checks are one of the safest and easiest ways to transport money, because you may have them replaced if they get lost or stolen;(10) It is wise to bring about $100 with you in U.S. cash, so you will be able to manage upon your arrival in the States;Quiz 3In a powerful new Mercedes a married couple are driving along a highway 1 .60 miles per hour, the wife behind the 2 . Her husband suddenly looks over at her. From the 3 of his voice and the 4 on his face, it's obvious he's enjoying this moment. He says, “ 5 , I've got a surprise for you. I know we've been married for 20 years, but I want a 6 ." The wife says nothing, but slowly increases the 7 to 70 mph. He then says, " 8 . Again the wife stays quiet, but speeds up as her rage increases. "I want the house," he insists, pressing his luck. The wife speeds up to 80 mph. He says, "I want the car, too," but she just drives faster and faster. By now she's up to 90 mph.9 . The wife slowly starts to veer toward a bridge.This makes him a bit nervous, so he says, "Isn't there anything you want?"The wife says, " 10 ""Oh, really," he says, "So what have you got?" Seconds before they slam into the bridge ata speed of 100 mph, the wife smiles and says, "The airbag."(1) at; (2) wheel; (3) tone; (4) expression; (5) Honey; (6) divorce; (7) speed;(8) I don't want you to try to talk me out of it because I don't love you amy more;(9) "All right," the man says, "I want the bank accounts, and all the credit cards, too.";(10) No, I've got everything I need.;Quiz 4There are various types of questions asked at a job interview. Most job interviews start with chit-chat type of questions. They are designed to break the 1 and get the conversation flowing. 2 are questions like"Did it take you long to get here?","Did you find the place all right?","Were you able to find 3 ?" Most of these just require a"yes, no problem" type of 4 ; you can elaborate if you wish. However, ensure that you don’t 5 information that will give them a bad6 . If you say something like"It took me7 to get here. The traffic was so bad;I hate traveling to this side of town", it would not make a good impression.8 . More questions will be asked to find out a bit more about you.9 , or they may be hypothetical questions starting with"What if...?". These are aimed at finding out how you would handle a situation or at finding out your personal views in certain areas. Whenever answering a job interview question, give as muchinformation as you can. Tell them why, where, when and how. In other words use samples to prove what you are saying. 10 .(1) ice; (2) Examples; (3) parking; (4) response; (5) provide; (6) impression; (7) ages;(8) If this is the place where you would be working, they would automatically be worried that you will be late for work everyday;(9) They might be historical questions regarding your previous employment or education;(10) Make a statement, then support it by giving a sample of a situation and how you handled it;Quiz 5Sometimes markets surge for no apparent reason; masses of people suddenly want something, and the 1 demand can't be met immediately. For example, during the SARS epidemic, there was a high 2 for facial masks in several countries --- and many entrepreneurs capitalized 3 this business idea. A similar effect is also created by larger social 4 . There is much more of a demand for home-care services for the 5 than is currently being supplied. And the 6 for pets to be treated as family members continues, creating demand for all kinds of 7 services that didn't exist even ten years ago. 8 . If there is, develop business ideas to fit the market gap. Do you have any ideas for starting a business now? Write your business ideas down. Think about them for some time. 9 . You don't have to run with the first business idea you think of; you want to discover the idea that's best suited to your skills and desires. 10 .(1) resulting; (2) demand; (3) on; (4) trends; (5) elderly; (6) trend; (7) pet-related;(8) Look at existing businesses and the products and services they offer, and then determine if there's a need for more of those products or services;(9) Keep an open mind and continue to assess everything you read and hear from a business point of view;(10) Dream, think, plan, and you'll be ready to transform that business idea into the business you've always wanted;Quiz 6How can a teen be convinced to stop smoking--or persuaded never to take up the 1 at all? Those questions became even more 2 last week when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that tobacco use 3 teenagers increased by nearly one-third in the last 4 . In 1994, 27.5% of teens used cigarettes, smokeless tobacco or cigars. In 2004, 36.4% 5 . Teens have their own 6 , their own pressures. What works for 7 smokers may not work for adolescents. 8says April Roeseler, a health educator and chief of local programs for the Tobacco Control Section of the California Department of Health Services, which runs the California Smokers’ Helpline. With teenagers, counselors aim to be more conversational. 9 . In the next few weeks, the counselor sets up additional telephone appointments, with up to a total of eight sessions. 10 , says Lester Brown, assistant professor of family and preventive medicine at the UC San Diego School of Medicine and the principal investigator for the project. Researchers want to see whether the teens who quit remain nonsmokers. "Things are looking promising," he says, but he could offer no success-rate figures.(1) habit; (2) crucial; (3) among; (4) decade; (5) did; (6) issues; (7) adult;(8) To survey the teens, the questions must be carefully phrased because "teens get turned off if you ask them a lot of direct questions ,";(9) The first phone call generally takes about 45 minutes, with discussion about why the teen began smoking and the extent of the habit;(10) Now 260 teens who have participated in the program are being followed;Quiz 7Every day, the average person breathes in about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous 1 that have found their way into the air. Air pollution includes all pollutants found in the 2 . These dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or 3 . Air pollution can be found both outdoors and indoors. Pollutants can be 4 inside buildings, causing indoor pollution that 5 for a long time. The sources of air pollution are both natural and 6 . As one might expect, humans have been producing increasing amounts of pollution as time has 7, and they now account for the majority of pollutants released into the air. Air pollution has been a problem throughout history. 8 . The effects of air pollution are diverse and numerous.9 , and severely affects the natural ecosystem. Because it is located in the atmosphere, air pollution is able to travel easily. As a result, air pollution is a global problem and has been the subject of global cooperation and conflict. Some areas now suffer more than others from air pollution. 10 .(1) chemicals; (2) atmosphere; (3) particles; (4) trapped; (5) lasts; (6) human-based; (7) progressed;(8) Even in Ancient Rome people complained about smoke put into the atmosphere;(9) Air pollution can have serious consequences for the health of human beings;(10) Cities with large numbers of automobiles or those that use great quantities of coal often suffer most severely from air pollution problems;Quiz 8In such a mature industry with many low-fare competitors and 1 profits fromoperations, it is essential that airline managers 2 controllable costs. In order to establish and 3 air services, airlines have a high level of fixed and operating costs: labor, 4 , airplanes, engines, spares and parts, IT services and 5 , airport equipment, airport handling services, sales distribution, training, 6 , and other costs. Thus all but a few cents on the dollar in ticket sales is paid out to a wide variety of 7 providers or internal cost centers. Moreover, the industry is structured so that airlines often act as tax collectors.8 , and surcharges they have little or no control over , and these are passed through to various providers. Airlines are also responsible for carrying out government regulations. 9 . Analysis of the last five years shows that all the other player s in the air transport chain are far more profitable than the airlines, who collect and pass through fees and revenues to them from ticket sales. 10 , catering companies 10-13% , handling companies 11-14%, aircraft lessors 5%, aircraft manufacturers 16%, and global distribution companies more than 30%.(1) tiny; (2) identify; (3) maintain; (4) fuel; (5) networks; (6) insurance; (7) external;(8) Ticket prices include a number of fees, taxes;(9) If airlines carry passengers without proper documents on an international flight, they are responsible for carrying them back to the originating country;(10) While airlines as a whole earned 6% return on capital employed, airports earned 10%;Quiz 9Many Americans buy an evergreen tree for Christmas. They put the tree in their home and 1 small lights and colorful objects on it. The evergreen is usually a pine or a fir tree. It 2 green during the cold, dark months of winter in the northern part of the world. So it is a 3 of everlasting life. The Christmas tree may have developed in part from a popular play 4 hundreds of years ago in 5 is now Germany. Traditionally, the play was held on December twenty-fourth, the day before Christmas. The play was about the first people 6 God created--Adam and Eve. People put apples on an evergreen tree to 7 the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden. 8 . They shared the food among family members and friends after the holiday season. Some people say the German religious reformer Martin Luther was the first person to add lighted candles to a tree. 9 . In the early 1800s, German settlers in the state of Pennsylvania were the first to celebrate the holiday with Christmas trees in the United States. 10Some people put a star on top of their Christmas tree. It represents the star that led the three wise men to the baby Jesus in Bethlehem.(1) hang; (2) remains; (3) symbol; (4) performed; (5) what; (6) that; (7) represent;(8) By the year 1600, some Germans began bringing evergreen trees into their homes. They put fruit, nuts and sweets on the trees;(9) They say he did this to show how wonderful the stars had appeared to him as he traveled one night;(10) The Christmas tree tradition spread to many parts of the world. Today, some form of Christmas tree is part of most Christmas celebrations;Quiz 10Just like an 1 , a mutual fund can also buy or sell shares of a company's stock. A mutual fund is a group of stocks and bonds that is 2 by a group of people. A financial company is in charge of the mutual fund, which is 3 by one or more portfolio managers. The people who 4 in mutual funds are also known as shareholders because a unit of 5 in a mutual fund is called a share. A mutual fund uses the cash invested by its 6 to purchase stocks, or in some case, bonds. The fund's shareholders are indirect 7 in that portfolio of stocks or bonds. Sincea mutual fund may contain the stocks of many companies in its portfolio,8 . Most mutual funds are open-end funds. This means that at the end of every day,9 .A mutual fund can also be a closed-end fund. The sponsor of a closed-end fund registers and issues a fixed number of shares at the initial offering, similar to a common stock. Investors then can buy or sell these shares through a stock exchange.10 .(1) individual; (2) owned; (3) managed; (4) invest; (5) ownership; (6) shareholders; (7) investors;(8) shareholders are often able to own a greater and more diverse number of stocks than if they invested directly in the stock market;(9) the investment management company sponsoring the fund issues new shares to investors and buys back shares from investors wishing to leave the fund;(10) The sponsor does not buy back or issue shares after a closed-end fund is launched, so the investor must trade them through a broker;。
