摘 要在我国,家庭暴力已经成为了一个严峻的社会问题。
家庭暴力不仅侵犯受害人的合法权益、危害家庭稳定、不利于社会和谐,在一定情况下还可能会诱发违法犯罪,具有严重的社会危害性,必须亟待解决。
通过借鉴域外的先进经验及我国自身的司法实践,人身安全保护令被认为是预防和制止家庭暴力最有效的方法和途径。
我国在反家庭暴力立法方面起步较晚,在相当长的一段时间内,人身安全保护令没有明确的法律依据。
《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》的出台,使得人身安全保护令制度第一次有了明确的法律身份,对于推动我国反对家庭暴力工作的深入开展具有重要意义。
但就《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》中有关人身安全保护令的内容来看,规定的过于简单和笼统,对保护令在适用中可能出现的众多细节问题并未涉及。
为了具体研究人身安全保护令制度在司法实践中的运行现状以及存在的不足,本文采用文献研究方法和案例研究方法,着重对中国裁判文书网上有关人身安全保护令的427份案例进行全样本分析。
从人身安全保护令裁定的法律依据,申请人数量、地域分布、性别比例,申请事由、审理结果及其影响因素,保护措施及有效期等五大方面描述了人身安全保护令制度在实践中的具体运行状态,并通过对相关文献资料的收集整理以及对样本案例的分析,得出了当前我国人身安全保护令制度存在着法律依据不足,申请率偏低、地区差异较大,家暴证明方式和证明标准模糊不清,保护令执行方式不明以及对违反保护令的惩处薄弱五大问题。
最后,针对我国人身安全保护令存在的问题,提出了要完善与细化现行法律规定,加强制度宣传、破除陈旧观念,明确家暴证明方式和证明标准,承办审判庭主导保护令执行以及加大违反保护令的处罚力度的完善建议。
关键词: 家庭暴力,《反家庭暴力法》,人身安全保护令制度IAbstractIn our country, domestic violence has become a serious social problem which not only encroaches upon victim's legitimate rights and interests, does harm to stable family relationship and social harmony, but also probably induces the illegal crime. The harm to society is so serious that the action must be urgently taken. By profiting from the advanced experience in foreign countries and our own judicial practice, personal safety protection orders are considered to be the most effective way and means of preventing and combating domestic violence. In our country, legislation against domestic violence started relatively late, and in quite a long time, there was no clear legal basis on personal safety protection orders. The introduction of laws against domestic violence of People’s Republic of China made personal safety protection system of formal legal status effective for the first time, which is of great significance to promote the in-depth development for against domestic violence in our country. However, the content relating to personal safety protection orders is simplistic and general, thus many issues that may arise in the application were not covered.In order to study the present situation as well as the inadequacy of the personal safety protection, this article, based on the literature research technique and the case study approach, focuses on analyzing 427 cases relating to personal safety protection orders. It is planning to describe the present situation of the personal safety protection in five aspects, including the legal basis, the number of applicants, geographical distribution, gender balance, and reasons for applying, outcome and impact factors, protection measures and validity. Through the collection of relevant literature and on our analysis of the sample, we can draw the conclusion that there is a lack of legal basis, low application rate, regional differences, domestic violence evidence, punishment and standard of proof blur in the current personal security protection system in our country. Finally, due to the problems of personal safety protection orders in China, the article proposes to improve and refine the existing legal provisions, strengthen the institutional publicity, break stereotypes, clear the evidence and standard of proof for domestic violence, host the Chamber-led protection orderIexecution and increase the punishment of violation of protection order suggestions.Keywords: domestic violence, the laws on domestic violence, personal safety protection ordersII目 录导 论 (1)(一)研究背景 (1)(二)国内外研究现状 (2)(三)研究方法 (5)(四)研究意义 (5)一、我国人身安全保护令制度概述 (7)(一)人身安全保护令的概念及发展 (7)(二)我国人身安全保护令制度的发展历程 (8)(三)我国人身安全保护令制度的主要内容 (11)(四)我国人身安全保护令制度的特征 (13)二、我国人身安全保护令制度的现状分析 (16)(一)我国人身保护令裁定的法律依据 (16)(二)人身安全保护令民事裁定的申请人 (16)(三)人身安全保护令的申请事由 (20)(四)人身安全保护令裁定的审理结果及其影响因素 (22)(五)人身安全保护令裁定的保护措施和期限 (24)三、我国人身安全保护令制度的问题分析 (27)(一)保护令法律依据不足 (27)(二)申请率偏低且地区差异较大 (28)(三)家暴证明方式及标准模糊不清 (28)(四)保护令执行方式不明 (31)(五)违反人身安全保护令的惩处薄弱 (32)四、我国人身安全保护令制度的完善建议 (34)(一)完善与细化现行法律规定 (34)(二)加强人身安全保护令法律宣传 (36)(三)确定家暴证明方式和证明标准 (36)I(四)承办审判庭主导保护令执行 (37)(五)加大违反保护令的处罚力度 (38)结 论 (39)参考文献 (40)个人简介 (42)致 谢 (43)II导 论(一)研究背景家庭暴力是家庭不稳定、社会不安定的因素。