Magnetothermopower and Nernst effect in unconventional charge density waves

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arXiv:cond-mat/0308335v1 [cond-mat.str-el] 17 Aug 2003MagnetothermopowerandNernsteffectinunconventionalchargedensitywaves

Bal´azsD´ora1,KazumiMaki2,Andr´asV´anyolos3andAttilaVirosztek3,41TheAbdusSalamICTP,StradaCostiera11,I-34014,Trieste,Italy2DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,LosAngelesCA90089-0484,USA3DepartmentofPhysics,BudapestUniversityofTechnologyandEconomics,H-1521Budapest,Hungaryand4ResearchInstituteforSolidStatePhysicsandOptics,P.O.Box49,H-1525Budapest,Hungary(Dated:February2,2008)

Recentlywehaveshownthatthestrikingangulardependentmagnetoresistanceinthelowtem-peraturephase(LTP)ofα-(BEDT-TTF)2KHg(SCN)4isconsistentlydescribedintermsofuncon-ventionalchargedensitywave(UCDW).HereweinvestigatetheoreticallythethermoelectricpowerandtheNernsteffectinUDW.Thepresentresultsaccountconsistentlyfortherecentdataofmag-netothermopowerinα-(BEDT-TTF)2KHg(SCN)4obtainedbyChoietal.(Phys.Rev.B,65,205119(2002)).ThisconfirmsfurtherouridentificationofLTPinthissaltasUCDW.WeproposealsothattheNernsteffectprovidesaclearsignatureofUDW.

PACSnumbers:75.30.Fv,71.45.Lr,72.15.Eb,72.15.Nj

Recentlymanypossiblecandidatesforunconventional

chargedensitywave(UCDW)andunconventionalspin

densitywave(USDW)havebeenproposed,thoughin

mostcasesdefinitiveconfirmationisstilllacking.These

aretheantiferromagneticphaseofURu2Si2[1,2],the

pseudogapphaseinhighTccuprates[3,4,5,6],the

CDWinNbSe2[7,8]andthelowtemperaturephase

(LTP)inα-(BEDT-TTF)2MHg(SCN)4withM=K,Rb

andTl[9,10,11,12,13].Inthelastsystemnot

onlythequalitativefeaturesofLTP,liketheabsence

ofaclearchargeorder,butalsoboththetemperature

andmagneticfielddependenceofthethresholdelectric

field[9,10,11]andthestrikingangulardependentmag-

netoresistance(ADMR)[12,13]arefullyconsistentwith

UCDW.Inthesestudiesthequantizationofthequasi-

particlespectruminthepresenceofmagneticfieldas

consideredbyNersesyanetal.[14,15]playsthecrucial

role.

Theobjectofthepresentpaperistoextendourearlier

studytothethermoelectricpowerandNernsteffectin

UDW(i.e.UCDWandUSDW)inthepresenceofmag-

neticfield.WhentheZeemansplittingorthePauliterm

duetomagneticfieldisnegligiblecomparedtotheorbital

effect,therewillbenodistinctionbetweenUCDWand

USDW,whichwewillassumeinthefollowings.Firstwe

discussbrieflyhowtheeffectofmagneticfieldisincor-

poratedfollowingRefs.[14,15].Thenweconstructthe

expressionsforthermopowerandNernsteffectinUDW.

ThesearecomparedwitharecentdatabyChoietal.[16]

onα-(BEDT-TTF)2KHg(SCN)4.Indeedwecandescribe

theexperimentaldataveryconsistently.

Intheabsenceofmagneticfieldthequasiparticleen-

ergyinUCDWisgivenby[17]

(E+ε(k))Ψ=(−iva∂xρ3+∆cos(ckz)ρ1)Ψ,(1)

whereρi’sarethePaulimatricesactingonspinorspace

oftheleftandrightmovingelectronsonthequasi-one

dimensionalFermisurfaceandtheimperfectnestingtermε(k)isgivenby[13]

ε(k)=∞󰀉

n=−∞εncos(2b′nk),(2)

whereb′n=b′[ˆrb+tan(θn)(ˆracosφ0+ˆrcsinφ0)],εn=

ε02−|n|,tan(θn)=tan(θ0)+nd0,tan(θ0)≃0.5,d0≃

1.25,φ0≃27◦[18,19,20],andφistheanglethepro-

jectedmagneticfieldonthea−cplanemakesfrom

thec-axis.Thisgeneralizedimperfectnestingterm

arisesfromaneffectivetightbindingapproximation,

wherehoppingtakesplacebetweensitesintheˆrbdirec-

tionandalongnearestneighbourchainsorientedinthe

ˆracosφ0+ˆrcsinφ0direction.Eq.(1)isreadilysolvedas

E=±󰀋√2

whereφnisthen-thwavefunctionofalinearharmonic

oscillatorwithparameters”mass”m=1/2v2aand”fre-

quency”ω=2va∆ceBcos(θ).FromEq.(7)itisobvious,

thatthen=0levelsaretwofolddegenerate,sinceΨn=0iscomposedofthen−1-thandn-thwavefunctionofthe

harmonicoscillator.NowmakinguseoftheLandauwave

functionsweevaluatethecontributionfromtheimper-

fectnestingtermasperturbation.Thenwegetforthe

Landaulevels:

E0,1=−E(1)0,(8)

E1,1=±E1−E(1)1,(9)

E1,2=±E1−E(2)1,(10)

and

En=󰀋

cosh(x1)+cosh(ζ0)+

+exp(−x1)+cosh(ζ1)e[σ0ζ0+

+σ1󰀂

ζ0exp(−x1)+cosh(ζ0)

cosh(x1)+cosh(ζ1)+

+x1󰀂sinh(ζ0)

cosh(x1)+cosh(ζ1)󰀄󰀄󰀇

(15)

WenoteherethatS(B,θ,φ)vanishesintheabsenceof

imperfectnesting.BeforecomparingEq.(15)withex-

perimentaldata,weshallconsidertheNernsteffect.

TheNernsteffectistheoffdiagonalcomponentofthe

thermoelectricpowerinthepresenceofmagneticfield.

Alsoitsformulationisdifferentfromabove.Wehave

seenalreadythatquasiparticleinUDWorbitsaroundthe

magneticfield.ThenwhenanelectricfieldEisapplied

withaperpendicularcomponenttothemagneticfield

B,thequasiparticleorbitdriftswithvD=(E×B)/B2.

ThentheheatcurrentparalleltovDisgivenbyJh=

TSvD,whereSistheentropyassociatedwiththecircling

quasiparticles:

S=eB󰀉

n󰀈ln(1+exp(−βEn))+βEn(1+exp(βEn))−1󰀊,

(16)

thesumoverEnhastobetakenoveralltheLandau

levels,andthemagneticfieldisassumedtobeperpen-

diculartothea−cplane(θ=0◦).ThenforsmallT

andlargeB,Eq.(16)iswellapproximatedbytaking

then=0andn=1Landaulevels.Moreover,when

thezerothordercontributionfromtheenergyspectrum

(i.e.theLandaulevelswithoutimperfectnesting)isfi-