Magnetothermopower and Nernst effect in unconventional charge density waves
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arXiv:cond-mat/0308335v1 [cond-mat.str-el] 17 Aug 2003MagnetothermopowerandNernsteffectinunconventionalchargedensitywaves
Bal´azsD´ora1,KazumiMaki2,Andr´asV´anyolos3andAttilaVirosztek3,41TheAbdusSalamICTP,StradaCostiera11,I-34014,Trieste,Italy2DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,LosAngelesCA90089-0484,USA3DepartmentofPhysics,BudapestUniversityofTechnologyandEconomics,H-1521Budapest,Hungaryand4ResearchInstituteforSolidStatePhysicsandOptics,P.O.Box49,H-1525Budapest,Hungary(Dated:February2,2008)
Recentlywehaveshownthatthestrikingangulardependentmagnetoresistanceinthelowtem-peraturephase(LTP)ofα-(BEDT-TTF)2KHg(SCN)4isconsistentlydescribedintermsofuncon-ventionalchargedensitywave(UCDW).HereweinvestigatetheoreticallythethermoelectricpowerandtheNernsteffectinUDW.Thepresentresultsaccountconsistentlyfortherecentdataofmag-netothermopowerinα-(BEDT-TTF)2KHg(SCN)4obtainedbyChoietal.(Phys.Rev.B,65,205119(2002)).ThisconfirmsfurtherouridentificationofLTPinthissaltasUCDW.WeproposealsothattheNernsteffectprovidesaclearsignatureofUDW.
PACSnumbers:75.30.Fv,71.45.Lr,72.15.Eb,72.15.Nj
Recentlymanypossiblecandidatesforunconventional
chargedensitywave(UCDW)andunconventionalspin
densitywave(USDW)havebeenproposed,thoughin
mostcasesdefinitiveconfirmationisstilllacking.These
aretheantiferromagneticphaseofURu2Si2[1,2],the
pseudogapphaseinhighTccuprates[3,4,5,6],the
CDWinNbSe2[7,8]andthelowtemperaturephase
(LTP)inα-(BEDT-TTF)2MHg(SCN)4withM=K,Rb
andTl[9,10,11,12,13].Inthelastsystemnot
onlythequalitativefeaturesofLTP,liketheabsence
ofaclearchargeorder,butalsoboththetemperature
andmagneticfielddependenceofthethresholdelectric
field[9,10,11]andthestrikingangulardependentmag-
netoresistance(ADMR)[12,13]arefullyconsistentwith
UCDW.Inthesestudiesthequantizationofthequasi-
particlespectruminthepresenceofmagneticfieldas
consideredbyNersesyanetal.[14,15]playsthecrucial
role.
Theobjectofthepresentpaperistoextendourearlier
studytothethermoelectricpowerandNernsteffectin
UDW(i.e.UCDWandUSDW)inthepresenceofmag-
neticfield.WhentheZeemansplittingorthePauliterm
duetomagneticfieldisnegligiblecomparedtotheorbital
effect,therewillbenodistinctionbetweenUCDWand
USDW,whichwewillassumeinthefollowings.Firstwe
discussbrieflyhowtheeffectofmagneticfieldisincor-
poratedfollowingRefs.[14,15].Thenweconstructthe
expressionsforthermopowerandNernsteffectinUDW.
ThesearecomparedwitharecentdatabyChoietal.[16]
onα-(BEDT-TTF)2KHg(SCN)4.Indeedwecandescribe
theexperimentaldataveryconsistently.
Intheabsenceofmagneticfieldthequasiparticleen-
ergyinUCDWisgivenby[17]
(E+ε(k))Ψ=(−iva∂xρ3+∆cos(ckz)ρ1)Ψ,(1)
whereρi’sarethePaulimatricesactingonspinorspace
oftheleftandrightmovingelectronsonthequasi-one
dimensionalFermisurfaceandtheimperfectnestingtermε(k)isgivenby[13]
ε(k)=∞
n=−∞εncos(2b′nk),(2)
whereb′n=b′[ˆrb+tan(θn)(ˆracosφ0+ˆrcsinφ0)],εn=
ε02−|n|,tan(θn)=tan(θ0)+nd0,tan(θ0)≃0.5,d0≃
1.25,φ0≃27◦[18,19,20],andφistheanglethepro-
jectedmagneticfieldonthea−cplanemakesfrom
thec-axis.Thisgeneralizedimperfectnestingterm
arisesfromaneffectivetightbindingapproximation,
wherehoppingtakesplacebetweensitesintheˆrbdirec-
tionandalongnearestneighbourchainsorientedinthe
ˆracosφ0+ˆrcsinφ0direction.Eq.(1)isreadilysolvedas
E=±√2
whereφnisthen-thwavefunctionofalinearharmonic
oscillatorwithparameters”mass”m=1/2v2aand”fre-
quency”ω=2va∆ceBcos(θ).FromEq.(7)itisobvious,
thatthen=0levelsaretwofolddegenerate,sinceΨn=0iscomposedofthen−1-thandn-thwavefunctionofthe
harmonicoscillator.NowmakinguseoftheLandauwave
functionsweevaluatethecontributionfromtheimper-
fectnestingtermasperturbation.Thenwegetforthe
Landaulevels:
E0,1=−E(1)0,(8)
E1,1=±E1−E(1)1,(9)
E1,2=±E1−E(2)1,(10)
and
En=
cosh(x1)+cosh(ζ0)+
+exp(−x1)+cosh(ζ1)e[σ0ζ0+
+σ1
ζ0exp(−x1)+cosh(ζ0)
cosh(x1)+cosh(ζ1)+
+x1sinh(ζ0)
cosh(x1)+cosh(ζ1)
(15)
WenoteherethatS(B,θ,φ)vanishesintheabsenceof
imperfectnesting.BeforecomparingEq.(15)withex-
perimentaldata,weshallconsidertheNernsteffect.
TheNernsteffectistheoffdiagonalcomponentofthe
thermoelectricpowerinthepresenceofmagneticfield.
Alsoitsformulationisdifferentfromabove.Wehave
seenalreadythatquasiparticleinUDWorbitsaroundthe
magneticfield.ThenwhenanelectricfieldEisapplied
withaperpendicularcomponenttothemagneticfield
B,thequasiparticleorbitdriftswithvD=(E×B)/B2.
ThentheheatcurrentparalleltovDisgivenbyJh=
TSvD,whereSistheentropyassociatedwiththecircling
quasiparticles:
S=eB
nln(1+exp(−βEn))+βEn(1+exp(βEn))−1,
(16)
thesumoverEnhastobetakenoveralltheLandau
levels,andthemagneticfieldisassumedtobeperpen-
diculartothea−cplane(θ=0◦).ThenforsmallT
andlargeB,Eq.(16)iswellapproximatedbytaking
then=0andn=1Landaulevels.Moreover,when
thezerothordercontributionfromtheenergyspectrum
(i.e.theLandaulevelswithoutimperfectnesting)isfi-