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语法专项（三）词性转换（构词法）Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(2019·河北衡水中学月考)Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so thepeople of Pompeii felt that they were in (safe)．safety解析：句意：维苏威火山几个世纪以来都没有爆发过，所以庞培的人们感到他们是安全的。
in safety意为“安全”，是固定短语。
2．(2019·湖北百所重点学校联考)The Theater District is a popular tourist (attract) in New York City.attraction解析：句意：剧院区是纽约一个很受欢迎的旅游胜地。
设空处作is的表语，其前有不定冠词a及popular tourist修饰，应用名词单数。
3．(2019·吉林四校联考)At first people there found the Chinese and their workvery strange. My father often saw people running after trains out of (curious)．curiosity解析：句意：起初，那里的人们发现中国人和他们的工作很奇怪。
我父亲经常看到人们出于好奇而追赶火车。
介词of后应使用名词，此处是短语out ofcuriosity“出于好奇”。
4．The boy gave his classmate a (describe) of what he had seen onhis way to school.description解析：空格前有不定冠词，空格后有介词of，故此处填名词。
5．People who are farsighted can see things that are far away, but they havedifficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm’s (long)．length解析：此处表示除非放在一臂远的距离外。
基础训练I．句型转换1．We suspect that he is ill，for we haven't seen him for a long time.→We suspect ________ ________ ________ ________，for we haven't seen him for a long time. 2．Though his parents lacked money，they managed to send him to university.→Though ________ ________ money，his parents managed to send him to university. 3．Mum instructed me to clear up the table after supper.→Mum instructed that I ________ ________ ________ the table after supper.4．The boy could not distinguish cotton from wool.→The boy could not ________ ________ cotton ________ wool.5．The premier urged the local government to deal with the price problem immediately.→The premier urged that the local government ________ ________ ________ the price problem immediately.6．We must assume that he is innocent until he is proved guilty.→We must assume ________ ________ ________ innocent until he is proved guilty.答案 1.him to be ill cking in 3.should clear up 4．distinguish between；and5.should deal with6.him to beⅡ.完成句子7．Our teacher ________________(认为他是) the cleverest boy in this class.8．Jerry ________________(被解雇) last year and since then he has been doing part－time jobs. 9．It's high time that we ________________(意识到) how serious the pollution is.10．Now that he is in China，he wishes ________________(他能懂中文)．11．It is our tradition to ________(燃放)fireworks during the Spring Festival.答案7.assumes him to be8.was laid off 9．realised/should realise 10.he understood Chinese 11．set offⅢ.依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
【优化指导】2013高考英语总复习语法突破第2讲带词感悟高考北师大版1．(2011全国高考)I got this bicycle for______：My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A．everything B．somethingC．anything D．nothing解析：考查代词。
句意：这辆自行车我没花钱，我朋友买了一辆新的，就把这辆旧的送给我了。
for nothing表示“免费；徒然”，符合语境。
答案：D2．(2011天津高考)We feel ______ our duty to make our country a better place.A．it B．thisC．that D．one3．(2011北京高考)The employment ra te has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ______.A．them B．thoseC．it D．that解析：考查代词。
句意：由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率继续上升。
设空处应替代the employment rate，故用it。
them和those用来指代复数名词，故排除A、B两项。
that用来特指同类不同物的事物，故排除。
答案：C4．(2011福建高考)We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose ______ based on your own interests.A．either B．eachC．one D．it解析：考查代词的用法。
句意：我们为你们的假期准备了各种各样的夏令营。
你们可以根据自己的兴趣选一个。
one指代前文提到的同类事物，但不是同一个，表泛指；either 指两者之中任一个；each强调两者或两者以上的“每个”，强调“个体”；it指代前文提到的同类且同物。
【优化指点】2013高考英语总复习语法打破第3讲描述词和副词感悟高考北师大版1．(2011全国高考)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is ______ another to play it well yourself.A．quite B．veryC．rather D．much解析：考查副词辨析。
句意：喜欢听好的音乐是一回事，但要本人演奏好它又是另外一回事。
quite完全，强调在某方面非常突出，作此用法时，quite常与名词连用。
another 其实就是another thing的省略。
very非常，修饰描述词或副词；rather修饰描述词、副词或带不定冠词的名词；much修饰不可数名词，在此不符合题意。
答案：A2．(2011全国高考)Mr.S tevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a ______ bos s.A．better B．goodC．best D．still better解析：考查描述词的比较等级。
句意：为史蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好——我真的再也找不到比他更好的老板了。
从句中信息couldn’t可以得知，此处是对not...better...的考查。
英语中“否定词＋描述词比较级”相当于描述词的最高级。
答案：A3．(2011江西高考)—The film is，I have to say，not a bit interesting.—Why？It’s ______ than the films I have ever seen.A．far more interestingB．much less int erestingC．no more interestingD．any less interesting解析：考查描述词的比较等级。
句意：——我不得不说这部电影真的没成心思。
【创新设计】2015届高考英语基础复习 语法突破专题十五 构词法 北师大版 近几年语法填空中都涉及词类转换题，以考查不同词性在句中的不同用法为主，如副词作状语，修饰动词或形容词，形容词作定语，修饰名词、代词等，名词在句中用来做主语、宾语等。例如： 1．(2013·广东)“That would be a very __19__ (reason) thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours.”Nick said.此题中应用reason的形容词形式修饰名词thing，作定语，故答案为reasonable adj.合理的，公道的。 2．(2013·广东)“But such a small thing couldn't __23__ (possible) destroy a village”此题中应用possible的副词形式修饰destroy作状语，故答案为possibly。 另外，从近几年的高考题来看，阅读理解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大约2.5%的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过考纲外的生词。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和掌握常见的构词法，对克服阅读理解中生词的问题就容易多了。
构词法
在做语法填空题的“词形转换”类型题时，既要熟悉各种前缀、后缀、派生以及转化等构词知识外，还要灵活运用其他语法知识，在理解了上下文语境的基础上慎重填写。 [学 以 致 用] Ⅰ.根据语境，用所给词的否定形式填空 1．It is ________ (legal)to drive after drinking alcohol. 答案 illegal [句意：酒后开车不合法。] 2．________ (lead)advertisements are not allowed by law. 答案 Misleading [句意：误导的广告为法律所不允许。] 3．It is ________ (reasonable)to stick to this absurd proposal. 答案 unreasonable [句意：坚持这种荒谬的建议是不合理的。] 4．You must be ________ (literate)if you have not heard of Shakespeare. 答案 illiterate [句意：如果你没听说过莎士比亚，那你一定是文盲的。] 5．There exists the ________ (balance)between the rich and poor countries. 答案 imbalance [句意：富国与穷国之间存在着不平衡。] 6．Her illness had made her completely ________ (mobile)． 答案 immobile [句意：她的病使得她完全不能活动了。] 7．His identity is ________ (know)to us so we have to confirm. 答案 unknown [句意：他的身份为我们所不知，所以我们得证实。] 8．He seems to be ________ (aware)of the trouble he is making. 答案 unaware [句意：他似乎不知道他正造成的麻烦。] 9．Jim is ________ (patient)with his little sister who is so noisy. 答案 impatient [句意：吉姆对他吵闹的小妹妹不耐烦。] 10．The ________ (expect)death of her son made her sad. 答案 unexpected [句意：她儿子意外的死亡使她伤心。] 11．Running a business without a budget(预算)is ________ (practical)． 答案 impractical [句意：经营生意而没有预算是不实际的。] 12．The government ________ (close)that another ambassador had been arrested for spying. 答案 disclosed [句意：政府公开另一个外交大使因间谍罪被逮捕。] 13．The bright dress is ________ (proper)for a funeral. 答案 improper [句意：鲜艳的衣服对葬礼来说不合适。] 14．This delay was ________ (avoidable)so we had to be patient. 答案 unavoidable [句意：延迟不可避免，所以我们得耐心。] 15．His income is ________ (adequate)to meet his basic needs and he has to find another job. 答案 inadequate [句意：他的收入不足以满足基本要求，他得再找份工作。] 16．Students get a ________ (count)of 25%on plane tickets. 答案 discount [句意：学生享有25%的机票折扣。] 17．The water is ________ (fit)for drinking and you have to gowithout water. 答案 unfit [句意：这水不适宜饮用，你只能不喝水了。] 18．It's ________ (honesty)to lie about one's age. 答案 dishonest [句意：谎报自己的年龄是不诚实的。] 19．The injured man was ________ (capable)of walking，so he had to be carried. 答案 incapable [句意：那个受伤的人不能走路，所以他得被人背着。] 20．He was ________ (ability)to sleep at night because of his anxiety. 答案 unable [句意：由于焦虑，晚上他不能入睡。] Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空 1．The Chinese people are very ________ (friend)to foreigners. 答案 friendly [空处应填friend的形容词形式。] 2．I think it'll be ________(sun)this afternoon. 答案 sunny [空处应填形容词作表语。] 3．David moved ________ (caution)forward. 答案 cautiously [句意：戴维小心翼翼地往前挪。] 4．Without reform，social and economic problems can only be ________(bad)． 答案 worse [句意：没有改革，社会和经济问题只会每况愈下。] 5．The teacher gave them ________ (instruct)to arrive early tomorrow morning. 答案 instructions [句意：老师命令他们明天早晨要早到。] 6．Three people have been killed in a bomb ________(explode)in northwest Spain. 答案 explosion [句意：在西班牙西北部的炸弹爆炸事件中，已有3人死亡。] 7．One should have the ability to tell the ________(different)between right and wrong. 答案 difference [固定表达tell the difference＝distinguish(区别)。] 8．He is a ________ (quality)teacher who is respected by his students. 答案 qualified [形容词，“合格的”。] 9．For many Americans the automobile is a ________(necessary)． 答案 necessity [不定冠词a后接可数名词单数。] 10．He ________ (like)wearing a tie，so you will never see him in tie. 答案 dislikes [根据“从来看不到他打领带”可以推断“他不喜欢打领带”。] 11．You must look after yourself and keep ________ (health)． 答案 healthy [keep为系动词，后面应该接形容词。] 12．Excessive dosage(剂量)of this drug can result in ________(injure)to the liver. 答案 injury [名词injury表示“伤害”。] 13．“Thank you.”is a polite ________ (express)which is widely used in English. 答案 expression [a polite expression表示“一种礼貌的表达”。] 14．He ________ (brave)went into the building house to rescue the baby.Everybody present praised him for his ________ (brave)． 答案 bravely；bravery [第一空用副词修饰动词；第二空前有物主代词his，后面用名词。]
