2018高考英语语法专题 名词

专题十名词性从句1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A. whatB. thatC. whereD. who【答案】C【考点定位】考查宾语从句.【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由know引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词.因为从句部分缺少状语成分，答案就出来了.正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.）的表达.2.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. why【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句.从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略.从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略.故选A.【考点定位】考查名词性从句.【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种，宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的，要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当.当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称之为宾语从句.一般情况下，宾语从句可作谓语的宾语，也可做主语的宾语.根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句.3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are builtfor.A. whatB. whomC. whyD. when【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的.isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的.故选A.【考点定位】考查名词性从句【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句.表语从句是名词性从句的一种，名词性从句还包括主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句.可以根据从句在句子中充当的成分来判断名词性从句的类型.isn’t后跟一个从句作表语，what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语；why和when作状语.介词for后缺少宾语，因此用what.4.【2015·浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate isbelow the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. whoever【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水面下有什么？通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里.此处的what指代的是树枝或石头，B选项和D选项用于指人，that 只有语法意义.句式上，该句用了(If 从句，祈使句)的句式，非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达.分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格所做的成分是主语.根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头，可以得出答案是what.【考点定位】考查宾语从句的连接词【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由investigate引导的宾语从句，因为从句部分is 前面缺少成分，答案就出来了.正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（Oftenthere are rocks or branched hidden in the water.）的表达.5.【2015·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room forhim.A.whenB. howC. whereD. why【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间.Find out 后面跟着宾语从句.根据句意选when.【考点定位】考查宾语从句.【名师点睛】宾语从句连接词的考查，宾语从句一共分为三类，一由that引导的宾语从句；二是由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,who,how引导的宾语从句，这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句充当某个成分.三由if或whether引导宾语从句.首先要根据句子结构来确实是哪一类，再根据具体的信息来确实用哪一个，是否符合当时的语境.6.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A. whereB. whyC. whatD. which【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查宾语从句.本句考查宾语从句的引导词.宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C错误，选项D担当定语，也错误.根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故选择B.【考点定位】考查宾语从句【名师点睛】本题考查宾语从句的引导词.通常情况下，宾语从句如果是由陈述句变来时用that引导；如果由一般疑问句变来则用whether/if；而由特殊疑问句变来则用特殊疑问词.通过四个选项，排除1、2两种情况.而特殊疑问词的选择则要求对句子的结构内容有着全盘的掌握.此句中，主语、宾语、定语并不缺少，故选项C、D是错误的，再根据句意，只有B最为恰当.7.【2015·陕西】19. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. how【答案】A【考点定位】考查宾语从句【名师点睛】宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构.确定这是什么从句，再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词.通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接.8.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day.A.whereB. howC. whyD. If【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查宾语从句.句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语.连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语.句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how.根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的.--通过每天锻炼.故选C【考点定位】考查宾语从句【名师点睛】宾语从句算是高考中一个比较简单的考点，引导词主要的选择方法是看宾语从句的引导词在主句中做什么成分，不同的引导词表达的意思也不相同.通常宾语从句的前面会有一个及物动词，及物动词后面可以直接接上宾语，但是也要结合具体情况进行具体分析.9.【2015·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.A. ThatB. WhyC. WhereD. How【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实.分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句.比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语.故选C项.【考点定位】名词性从句【名师点睛】此题由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入，句子结构变得稍显复杂，因此要求考生能够排除结构干扰，看清考点还是考查名词性从句连接词的选择，然后根据“从句部分缺什么补什么的原则选则连接词”这一根本原则，同时结合句意，迅速锁定正确答案.10.【2015·北京】35. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. WhereB.HowC.WhyD. When【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系.根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how.故选B.【考点定位】主语从句.【名师点睛】主语从句分多种，解题时要分析原题空中缺少的是何种状语.这类题考生首先要利用主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判别，尤其是连词在从句中的功能，由于引导主语从句的连词功能有所分别，较为容易抉择，但有的连词的形式一样，但具有不同意思，这就需要考生仔细甄别，充分利用与之相关内容或与其搭配相关词语的意思.。

高考语法复习10名词性从句【走进高考】1.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。

how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。

“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。

C选项正确。

2.【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。

"________ my father has taught me"是表语从句，该空在从句做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what引导。

D选项正确。

引导名词性从句时，how表示方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”，that在此只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。

3.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomeverB. whereverC. whoeverD. whatever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。

句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。

分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。

名词、介词一名词1．不定冠词a、an后用名词单数形式。

2．有some、many、all、both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。

3．名词前有one of时，名词用复数形式。

4．谓语动词是复数，名词作主语时确定名词为复数。

◆Before graduation,many students exchange presents with each other.毕业前，许多同学互赠礼物。

5．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。

(1)以－o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加－s，但中学英语中下列名词要加－es，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes。

但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros (zeroes) 零，mosquitos (mosquitoes) 蚊子，volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。

(2)以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加－s，但下列以－f或－fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，即selves, lives，thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves。

但下列以－f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加－ves，也可以直接加－s，如handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕，scarfs(scarves) 围巾。

(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。

例如：sons－in－law 女婿；passers－by 过路人；story－tellers 讲故事的人；grown－ups成年人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。

6．只有复数形式的可数名词。

一些食物名词或表示一些成双成对的物品名称的名词通常用复数形式，如noodles, snacks,jeans,earphones,trousers,clothes,pants,glasses,shoes,sunglasses,scissors, compasses等。

专题03-有提示词之给出名词距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

[技法指导]1.[示例1](2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ______(human) are.[分析]考查名词复数。

空处在句中作we的同位语，单复数应保持一致，或者根据空后的are可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。

故填humans。

[示例2](2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their_____(day) routines.[分析]修饰名词routines 应用形容词形式，daily routine 为固定搭配,意为“日常生活”。

高考英语复习题型一关于名词、冠词和数词的语法填空1．No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various(activity) on Earth Day.(2019·北京)答案activities解析考查名词复数。

根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。

故填activities。

2．Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2018·浙江)答案dishes解析考查名词复数。

dish菜肴，为可数名词，中式菜肴有很多种，故此处用dish的复数形式。

3．A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all(cause)．(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案causes解析考查名词复数。

cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。

4．This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案effects解析考查名词复数。

side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。

2018高考英语语法填空：名词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题（含解析）高考英语语法填空【括号内提供的是名词】①括号内提供的如果是名词，尤其是单数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、指示代词(this，that等)、不定代词(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other 等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。

②相反，如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。

但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否用所有格形式等。

如：One of my fa ther’s favorite ________(say)as I was growing up was“Try it！”答案sayings这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。

考查考生是否知道“one of＋名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

本句中as引导时间状语从句，表达的功能是“时空”概念。

该从句没有直接放在主句之后，而是进行了插入，放在了主句的主语之后，进行强调。

完整的主句是：One of my father’s favorite ________(say)was “Try it”．从该句的主系表结构中可以看出，one of my father’s favorite ________(say)在句子中作主语。

say要做两次转换：首先要转换成为名词；再将名词转为相应的复数形式。

say的名词是saying，其复数形式是sayings。

考生如果写对了saying只是做到了词形正确，同时还要保持单词的正确。

所以正确答案是sayings。

③当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词。

如：There，my voice soun ds really ________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.答案wonderful 括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。

2018年高考英语语法知识最全概括高考英语语法易考知识点最全概括第一讲座：名词---基础篇一、名词的复数：1. 名词变复数的规则形式：1). 一般情况下直接加s：book------books cup-----cups2). 以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es：city-------cities family-----families3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es：bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es：tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes Negroes5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es：leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的：man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice 3. 单数和复数形式相同：deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese2). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”：These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags. 3). 以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”, 不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”：Teachers’ Day Children’s Day4). 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s 代表全称：at the doctor’s at the Bob’s5). 由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面：This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil.6). 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格：an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital 2. of 所有格：1). of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格：the map of China the door of the room2). 双重所有格：of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词He is a friend of my _________(brother ).Is she a daughter of __________(you)?四、名词作句子成分：1. 名词作主语：1). 表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there.2). 量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致：A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed.Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk.3). 名词+介词（with、but、except、along with、as well as …….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致：The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill.4). 短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则：Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman.2. 名词作定语：1). 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式：There is a shoe factory near the school.2). 名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式：(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week.3). man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变：one man teacher two women teachers第二讲座：名词---提高篇一、名词的单复数：1. 可数名词的复数不规则变化：(1) 单复数同形：deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species, works, headquarters(2) 形单意复：people, police, youth, cattle, staff(3) 形复意单：news, physics, politics, maths(4)合成词变复数：passer­by→passers­by, son­in­law→sons­in-law, looker­on→lookers­on, go­between→go-betweens, grown­up→grown­ups(5) 词形变化：man→men, child→children，tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice，medium→media2. 不可数名词的数：(1) 有些抽象名词在具体化时，以复数形式出现；表示特指时，可以和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用：in surprise“惊讶地”，a surprise“一件令人惊讶的事”；win success“获得成功”，a success“一个/件成功的人/事”；by experience“靠经验”，an experience“一次经历”；withpleasure“乐意”，a pleasure“一件乐事”。

2018年高考英语语法-100题专项复习1.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ less than40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A．being weighed B．to weigh C．weighed D．weighing2.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________all the people who had helped in her career.A．to thank B．thanking C．having thanked D．to have thanked3.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.A．emotion B．talent C．identity D．treasure4.With the couple ________in a nearby town，the house seems pretty empty most of thetime.A．work B．to work C．working D．worked5.There is________in his words.We should have a try.A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything6.It is said that Nigeria is___ _____Great Britain.A．three time the size of B．the size three times ofC.three times as the size of D．three times the size of7.It is said that body language 55 per cent of a first impression w-hile what yousay just 7 per cent.A．lies inB．accounts forC．consists ofD．goes with8.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.A．The ; 不填B．A ; 不填C．A ; the D．The ; a9._______A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.A．of B．on C．to D．with10.I don’t think what he said is _____ to the topic we are discussing .He has missedthe point.A．faithful B．parallel C．relevant D．similar11.Li Yue, a top student in our school, worked hard and gained _____ to TsinghuaUniversity this summer.A．permission B．admission C．agreement D．argument12.While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with thevillagers without asking for anything ______ .A．in return B．in common C．in turn D．in place13.________good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujiandishes.A．Far from B．Apart from C．Instead of D．Regardless of14.Close friends as they are, they often have _______ as to who is their favorite star.A．compromises B．conflicts C．comparisons D．contributions15.In order to rescue the miners caught in the flood quickly, the rescuers have gota busy _______.A．settlement B．identity C．schedule D．security16.Hillary Clinton，at the first official event of her presidential campaign，________theideas that she said will be at the heart of her campaign.A．spelt out B．cross out C．made up D．covered up17.When he was driving home，he was stopped by the policeman and was________of speeding.A．charged B．blamed C．warned D．accused18.These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.A．in memory of B．in response toC.in touch with D．in possession of19.—We didn’t find Tom ________the lecture.—No one had told him about ________a lecture the following day.A．to attend；there to be B．attending；there beingC.attended；there be D．attend；there was20.____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a footballstar.A．Being raised B．Raising C．Raised D．To raise21.Being straightforward, I’m not the kind of person who likes to say somethingunfavorable about anyone in their ________.A．absence B．performance C．favor D．appearance22.I thought we’d be late for the concert, ________we ended up getting there aheadof time.A．but B．or C．so D．for23.We don’t permit ________ in the office but you are permitted ________ outside.A．smoking；smoking B．to smoke；to smokeC.smoking；to smoke D．to smoke；smoking24.When he picked up a large sum of money by accident, he battled with his _______ whetherhe should keep it or return it to the owner.A．consciousness B．conscience C．commitment D．convenience25.On snowy days, you have to drive very ________to avoid traffic accidents.A．cautiously B．neatly C．smoothly D．properly26.Tom，a shy boy，who lacks________confidence，doesn’t get________attention hedeserves.A．the；the B．/；the C．the；/ D．/；/27.Which do you enjoy________ your coming weekend，swimming or fishing?A．spending B．being spent C．spend D．to spend28.Although it was not named________ 1782, this kind of metal was used as early as 5300BC.A．in B．for C．until D．since29.Teachers have to constantly up- date their knowledge in order to maintain theirprofessional ________.A．consequenceB．independenceC．competenceD．intelligence30.Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek________food safety problems.A．in B．to C．on D．after31.We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.A．attempts B．requests C．doubts D．promises32.University is ________ most worthwhile time of discovery and learning，and it isalso ________ very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.A．a；a B．the；/ C．/；a D．a；the33.Digital teaching has________our way of learning and excited us to focus in class.A．guaranteed B．transformed C．evaluated D．revealed34.Due to the ______ of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at anearly stage.A．approach B．Appreciation C．Application D．appointment35.The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.A．effect B．sense C．change D． chance36.It is beyond _______ that Professor Tu’s achievement doesn't come from good luckbut from her dedication to her research work.A．imagination B．doubt C．expectation D．possibility37.The medium believes the price of petrol will rise by more than_____two percent.A．other B．another C．any other D．the other38.The cruelty of the terrorists towards foreigners and________of the terroriststowards New York ten years ago filled everyone with horror.A．those B．one C．that D．it39.Nobody but doctors or nurses and those ________ by Dr.Li ________ to enter thepatient’s room.A．being invited；allowed B．are invited；are allowedC.invited；is allowed D．invited；are allowed40.With the 2016 College Entrance Examination ________near，students feel greatpressure.A．drawing B．drawn C．having drawn D．to draw41.________ interested in the position are asked to see the manager tomorrow.A．Whoever B．Who C．Anyone D．Those42.The wide _______ of electronic computers in science and technology will free manfree the labour of complicated measurement and computation.A．approach B．Appreciation C．Application D．appointment43.The teacher praised me for________ progress I’d made，which was________ greatencouragement to me.A．the；/ B．the；a C．/；a D．/；/44.—What do you think we should do when________ earthquake happens?—In my opinion，go to________ open space away from buildings or trees.A．an；an B．the；an C．an；the D．the；the45.This shop will be closed for repairs__ _____further notice.A．with B．until C．for D．at46.She has bought herself dress.A．a cotton purple expensive B．an expensive purple cottonC.a purple expensive cotton D．a cotton expensive purple47.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is__________another to playit well yourself.A．quite B．very C．rather D．much48.The girl ________ in bed ________ to us that she had ________ the book on thebookshelf.A．lay; lied; lay B．lying; lay; laidC.lying; lied; laid D．lied; lied; laid49.In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in theUK.A．that B．this C．one D．it50.I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained________.A．on B．for C．by D．of51.They have launched a great to push the government to sentence the arrestedterrorists to death since the last terrorist attack.A．campaign B．revolution C．competition D．advertisement52.________ shoes are sold in this small market.A．Men’s and children’s B．Men and childrenC.Man and child’s D．Men’s and child’s53.The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.A．on B．by C．in D．at54.They chose Tom to be ___captain of the team because they knew he was __smart leader.A．a; the B． the; the C． the; a D．a; a55.In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russianare________.A．special B．regional C．optional D．original56.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rootedto the ground, ________ whether to stay or leave.A．wondering B．wonder C．to wonder D．wondered57.Although looking good is no _______ of doing the job well, personnel officers oftenhire the person they think most physically attractive.A．guarantee B．principle C．reward D．guidance58.Don’t worry.I’m sure your missing glasses will ______ sooner or later.A．stand out B．break up C．get out D．turn up59.I just choose a simpler lifestyle, ________ where I can ride my bike all over anddo not have to make a great living to survive.A．that B．it C．one D．another60.—Simon will listen to music every time he meets a math problem.—You know, music is the source of in life.A．inspiration B．Identification C．Reaction D．comprehension61.Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.A．perform B．performing C．to perform D．being performed62.With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken________color.A．by B．for C．with D．in63.Facing up to your problem ____ running away from them is the best approach to workingthings out.A．more than B．rather than C．along with D．or rather64.Listening is thus an active, not a , behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.A．considerate B．sensitive C．reliable D．passive65.She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in lastyear's election.A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statue66.Students in that school are judged________what they have achieved in their studies.A．in spite of B．in charge of C．in favor of D．in terms of67.William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginningto________.A．disappear B．fall C．fail D．damage68.If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.A．to accept B．accept C．accepting D．accepted69.It might have________your notice but I am very busy at the moment.A．quit B．neglected C．escaped D．denied70.My friend Mary is___ _____beautiful girl, ________girl everyone likes to work with.A．a; a B．a; the C．the; a D．the; the71.There are fewer teaching positions left in big cities, ________at the same time thereare shortages of teachers in small towns.A．or B．and C．so D．for72.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.A．used B．having used C．using D．use73.A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, ______ if you are travellingat high speed.A．eventually B．strangely C．merely D．especially74.She is a crazy fan of this singer.________she listens to his songs hundreds of times,she will never get tired.A．If B．As long as C．Unless D．Even if75.—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.—Why? It’s________than the films I have ever seen.A．far more interesting B．much less interestingC.no more interesting D．any less interesting76.She was certainly not afraid of the dark.________，it was only a 15­minute ride home.A．However B．Besides C．Therefore D．Otherwise77.They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.A．legally B．sincerely C．personally D．deliberately78.－Would you like tea or coffee?－________， thank you.I’ve just had some water.A．Either B．Both C．Any D．Neither79.This is a simple idea, but ______ __which is hard to put________into practice.A．one; 不填B．the one; it C．that; it D．one; it80.Nowadays, few people develop the habit of keeping a supply of oil-lamps in the housein case of power _______.A．failure B．absence C．lack D．drop81.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some ______ and then let me know.A．thought B．support C．protection D．authority82.The teacher wants his students to know more about modern science and tries hard todevelop a(n)_________about nature among his students.A．curiosity B．habit C．ability D．independence83.—Do you have anything more________，sir?—Yes.I need this file to be typed and printed as soon as possible.A．typing B．to be typed C．typed D．to type84.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A．judgments B．adjustments C．comments D．achievements 85.—Which of these two magazines will you take?—I’ll take ________， in case the journey is boring.A．all B．either C．both D．neither86.The two girls are so alike that strangers find________difficult to tell one fromthe other.A．it B．them C．her D．that87.Lily seems to know a lot about Hong Kong, but ________ she has never been there.A．luckily B．strictly C．actually D．naturally88.We all sighed with ________relief when ________plane finally landed safely.A．a；/ B．/；the C．a；a D．a；the89.The young man couldn’t afford a new car.________， he bought a used one.A．Besides B．Otherwise C．Instead D．Still90.—At the school sports meeting, many students are full of _______, but I’m alwaysexhausted.—You’d better take more exercise.A．strength B．force C．energy D．power91.It was a nice meal, ________a little expensive.A．though B．whether C．as D．since92.We’d better discuss everything ________before we work out the plan.A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time93.Drivers using mobile phones on________ road are more likely to have________accidents，a science report said recently.A．a；the B．/；/ C．the；/ D．/；the94.________ an hour every day has made a considerable difference to my health.A．Having walked B．Walk C．Walking D．Walked95.I believe we could face delays if we travel by bus, ________traffic jams.A．thanks to B．despite C．regardless of D．in spite of96.Keeping a balance of work, rest and diet, and having________exercise will save peoplefrom illnesses.A．appropriate B．accurate C．fierce D．temporary97.—Hurry up! There’s a bus coming!—Why run? There will be________one in two or three minutes.A．another B．other C．the other D．any other98.Sometimes it’s a bit challenging to reach a ________ between parents’ expectationsand their kids’ desires.A．commitmentB．comprehensionC．cooperationD．compromise99.I prefer a table that can be________when not used so that it may save a lot of space.A．cleared up B．folded up C．fixed up D．taken up100.My schedule is very________right now, but I’ll try to fit you in.A．tight B．short C．regular D．flexible参考答案1.答案为：D解析：此处weigh为“重量为；重(多少)”的意思，作young children的后置定语，且与其关系为主动，用weighing，故D项正确。

高考英语常考名词、形容词和副词与语法填空（2018-2022真题）1、（2022年全国高考乙卷）China has a ______ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.2、（2022年全国高考甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect)3、（2022年全国新高考I卷） The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity betweenseparate ______ (population)and homes of giant pandas。

4、（2022年全国新高考II卷）He saved my ______ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.5、（2021·全国高考八省联考）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 63．（marry）ceremony in 1842.6、（2021·全国高考甲卷）After 59． (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,7、（2021·全国高考甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gatesand 64． (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines. 8、（2021·全国高考乙卷） and often provides money for conservation and benefitsthe 57． (develop) of the local areas.9、（2021·全国高考乙卷）because of its unique biodiversity.64． (activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.10、（2021·新高考高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 63． (human) are.11、（2021·浙江高考）It is calculated by dividing a 58． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared12、(2020年海南高考） Also, technological know-how has become a53．（require）for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most54．（profession）13、（2020年北京高考）Now, lots of27． (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.14、（2020年全国高考）Historical 69． (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.15、（2020年浙江高考）Later，they learned to work with the 63． (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas16、（2020年全国高考）Filled with 64． (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.17、（2020年全国高考）The far side of the moon is of particular 64． (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)18、（2020年全国高考）Chinese New Year is a 61． (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring19、（2020年浙江高考）For Japan, the58． (number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 205020、（2019·全国卷I）…increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing.21、（2019·全国卷III）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.22. （2019·浙江卷）Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.23. （2019·北京卷）…there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day.24.（2018·全国卷I）…a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).25. （2018·全国卷I I）This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.26. （2018·全国卷III）My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.27. （2018·浙江卷）Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.28. （2018·浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.语法填空纯空格题不会要求填名词，但在词类转换中会考查到名词的用法。

2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）1.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。

句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。

——早上好。

我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。

make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。

点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为……预约。

2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.A. at firstB. after allC. above allD. at random【答案】B点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。

对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。

考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。

3.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. displayB. acquireC. teachD. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。

名词性从句主语从句1Q(·天津卷) ________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents QA Q ThatB Q WhichC Q WhetherD Q What解析：句意为：我想告诉你的是我对父母深深的爱和尊重。

本题考查主语从句。

“________I want to tell you”为主语从句，该从句中缺少宾语，故选D项。

答案： D2Q (·江西卷)________one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it QA Q WhoeverB Q WhateverC Q WhicheverD Q Wherever解析：句意为：你们之中不管是谁打破了窗户，都要赔偿。

本题考查名词性从句。

空格处的引导词引导的是主语从句，引导词修饰限制后面的one，且表示在限定范围(you)中的任何一个，故选C项。

答案： C3Q(·陕西卷)It remains to be seen________the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice QA Q thatB Q which]C Q whatD Q whether解析：句意为：新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。

考查名词性从句。

题干中it是形式主语，空格处引导主语从句，whether符合句意。

答案： D表语从句4Q (·安徽卷)From space，the earth looks blue Q This is________about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water QA Q whyB Q howC Q becauseD Q whether解析：句意为：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。

词性转换（名词、形容词和副词）和比较等级A(2018·浙江卷)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese __1__ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners __2__ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap __3__ can be to eat out.I still remember __4__ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I __5__ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to __6__ (become) common for many young people in recent years，it's not without a cost.The obvious one is money；eating out once or twice a week may be __7__ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even __8__ (high) cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in __9__ (weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home __10__ dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

近三年高考英语语法真题分类汇编：名词性从句（2018-2020）12020年高考真题1. （2020江苏高考真题）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. where【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。

句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。

A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪里。

根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether 引导的从句是真正的主语。

故选A。

2. （2020天津高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。

_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。

故选B。

3. （2020浙江高考真题）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重名词语法填空一：侧重名词一、考点、热点回顾一.题目要求1.用给出的词的适当形式填空2.自己填写单词二.填写规则要用适当形式填空，所给出单词必须有形式变化，因此一定是实词类。

要自己填写，就要保证答案的唯一性，因此一定是虚词类。

三.具体方法与考点1.名词（1）名词的分类以及可数名词与不可数名词的区别A.名词的分类专有名词：独一无二，如：China，the Great Wall个体名词：无法分割，如：desk，student集体名词：个体组成，如：family，government物质名词：无固定的形状、大小、颜色，如：water，air抽象名词：存在但看不见，摸不着，如：love，experienceB.可数名词与不可数名词的区别1）注意与汉语的区别，高考改错题常考点如：knowledge，housework等2）单复数形式意义不同的名词experience经验experiences经历manner方式 manners礼貌custom风俗 customs海关work工作 works著作，工厂wood木材 woods树林sand沙子 sands沙滩paper纸张 papers报纸，论文，试卷glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜（2）名词的单复数A.单数变复数的规则1）注意以O和f/fe结尾的词变化2）注意不规则变化有些名词的复数属于不规则变化，需要考生在平时的学习中逐一记忆：child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, phenomenon—phenomena, ox—oxen, mouse—mice, man—men, woman—women等。

B.总是表示复数意义的名词1).集体名词people, police, cattle总是表示复数意义，不能说a people, a police,a cattle，但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle。

2018高考英语语法填空词性转换经典总结 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN语法填空词形转换A1.ability [əˈbɪlɪtɪ] n.能力；才能able [ˈeɪb(ə)l] a.能够；有能力的1.absence [ˈæbsəns] n. 不在，缺席absent [ˈæbsənt] a. 缺席，不在3. academic [ækəˈdemɪk] a. / n. 学术的，教学的academy [əˈkædəmɪ] n.专科学院，（美）私立学校4. access [ˈækses] n. / v. 通道，入径，存取(计算机文件)accessible [əkˈsesɪb(ə)l] a. 可到达的，可接受的5. achieve [əˈtʃiːv] vt. 达到，取得achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt] n. 成就，成绩，功绩6. act [ækt] n. 法令，条例 v. （戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事action [ˈækʃ(ə)n] n. 行动active [ˈæktɪv] a. 积极的，主动的activity [ækˈtɪvɪtɪ] n. 活动7. adapt [əˈdæpt] v. 使适应，适合，改编adaptation [ədæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 适应，改编本8. adjust [əˈdʒʌst] v.调整，调节，适应，习惯adjustment [əˈdʒʌstmənt] n. 调整，适应9. admirable [ˈædmərəb(ə)l] a.值得赞赏的，可钦佩的admire [ədˈmaɪə(r)] v. 钦佩；羡慕admission [ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n] n. 准入，接纳admit [ədˈmɪt] vt. 承认，准许（入场，入学，入会）10. advertise [ˈædvətaɪz] vt. 为……做广告advertisement [ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt] n. 广告11.agree [əˈɡriː] v. 同意；应允agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 同意，一致；协定，协议12. amaze [əˈmeɪz] v. 惊奇，惊叹；震惊amazed 感到惊讶的amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ] a.惊奇，惊叹的；震惊的be amazed at 对..感到惊讶13.amuse [əˈmjuːz] vt. （使人）快乐，逗乐amused 感到愉快的学-*科+/网amusing 令人愉快的amusement [əˈmjuːzmənt] n. 娱乐14. analyze/ `ænl，aɪz / v. 分析analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. 分析，分析结果15.anger [ˈæŋɡə(r)] n. 怒，愤怒angry [ˈænɡrɪ] a. 生气的，愤怒的16.anxiety [æŋˈzaɪətɪ] n. 担忧，焦虑anxious [ˈæŋkʃəs] a. 忧虑的，焦急的17.apologize [əˈpɔlədʒaɪz] vi. 道歉，谢罪apology [əˈpɔlədʒɪ] n. 道歉；歉意18.appear [əˈpɪə(r)] vi. 出现appearance [əˈpɪərəns] n. 出现，露面；容貌19. application [æplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 申请apply [əˈplaɪ]v. 申请20. appoint [əˈpɔɪnt] v. 任命，委任，安排 appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 约会appreciate [əˈpriːʃɪeɪt] v. 欣赏；感激appreciation [əpriːʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 欣赏，鉴定，评估21.appropriate [əˈprəʊprɪət] a. 合适的，恰当的approximately [əprɔksɪˈmətlɪ] ad.近似，大约22.argue [ˈɑːɡjuː]vi. 争辩，争论argument [ˈɑːɡjʊmənt] n. 争论，辩论23.arrange [əˈreɪndʒ] v. 安排，布置arrangement [əˈreɪndʒmənt]n. 安排，布置24.arrival [əˈraɪv(ə)l] n. 到来，到达arrive [əˈraɪv] vi. 到达； - at 小地方，- in大地方25.assess [əˈses] v.评价，评定（性质，质量）assessment [əˈsesmənt] n. 看法，评价26.assist [əˈsɪst]v. 帮助，协助assistance [əˈsɪst(ə)ns] n. 帮助，援助，支持assistant [əˈsɪst(ə)nt] n. 助手，助理27.associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v. 联想，联系association [əsəʊsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 协会，社团，联系28.assume [əˈsjuːm； (US) əˈsuːm] v. 假定，假设assumption [əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n] n. 假定，假设29.attract [əˈtrækt] v. 吸引，引起attraction [əˈtrækʃ(ə)n] n. 吸引，爱慕attractive [əˈtræktɪv] a. 迷人的，有吸引力的B1. bad (worse， worst) [bæd] a. 坏的；有害的，严重的badly [ˈbædlɪ] ad. 坏，恶劣地2.bath [bɑːθ； (US) bæθ] n. 洗澡；浴室；澡盆bathe [beɪð] vi. 洗澡；游泳3.beautiful [ˈbjuːtɪf(ə)l] a. 美，美丽，美观的beauty [ˈbjuːtɪ] n. 美丽，美人4. behave [bɪˈheɪv] v. 守规矩，行为behaviour/ bɪ`heɪvjər / n. 行为，举止5. beneficial [benɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l] a. 有利的，有帮助的，有用的benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. / v.优势，益处，使…受益6. bored / bɔrd / a.（对人，事）厌倦的，烦闷的boring / `bɔrɪŋ / a. 乏味的，无聊的7.brave [breɪv] a. 勇敢的bravery [ˈbreɪvərɪ] n. 勇气8.breath [breθ] n. 气息；呼吸breathe [briːð] vi. 呼吸breathless [ˈbreθlɪs] a. 气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的9. build (built， built) [bɪld] v. 建筑；造building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] n. 建筑物；房屋；大楼C1.care [keə(r)] n. 照料，保护；小心v. 介意……，在乎careful [ˈkeəfʊl] a. 小心，仔细，谨慎的careless [ˈkeəlɪs] a. 粗心的，漫不经心的2. caution [ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 谨慎，小心，警告cautious [ˈkɔːʃəs] a. 小心的，谨慎的3.celebrate [ˈselɪbreɪt] v. 庆祝celebration [selɪˈbreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 庆祝；庆祝会4.entre 中心 central 中心的5. certain [ˈsɜːt(ə)n] a.确定的，无疑的；一定会……certainly [ˈsɜːtənlɪ] ad. 当然；一定，无疑6. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] n.挑战(性)challenging [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] a.具有挑战性的7.changeable [ˈtʃeɪndʒəb(ə)l] a.易变的，变化无常的change [tʃeɪndʒ] n. 零钱；找头v. 改变，变化；更换；8.cheer [tʃɪə(r)] n. & vi.欢呼；喝彩Cheer up [tʃɪə(r)-ʌp] 振作起来！提起精神！cheerful [ˈtʃɪəfʊl] a.兴高采烈的，快活的cheers [tʃɪə(r)] int. 干杯，(口)谢谢，再见9.chemical [ˈkemɪk(ə)l] a. 化学的 n. 化学品chemist [ˈkemɪst] n. 药剂师；化学家chemistry [ˈkemɪstrɪ] n. 化学学+-科/+网10.child (复children) [tʃaɪld] n. 孩子，儿童childhood [ˈtʃaɪldhʊd] n. 幼年时代，童年11.civil [ˈsɪv(ə)l] a. 国内的；平民（非军人）的；民用的civilian [sɪˈvɪlɪən] n. 平民，老百姓civilization [sɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n； n. 文明12.clean [kliːn] vt. 弄干净，擦干净 a. 清洁的，干净的cleaner [kliːnə(r)] n.清洁工.，清洁器.，清洁剂13.clear [klɪə(r)] a. 清晰；明亮的；清楚的clearly [ˈklɪəlɪ] ad. 清楚地，无疑地14.cloud [ˈkləʊðɪŋ] n. 云；云状物；阴影cloudy [ˈklaʊdɪ] a. 多云的，阴天的fort [ˈkʌmfət] n. 安慰；慰问comfortable [ˈkʌmfətəb(ə)l； (US) ˈkʌmfərtəbl] a. 舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的mit [kəˈmɪt] v.犯（罪，错），自杀commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n. 承诺，允诺，承担municate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] v. 交际；传达（感情，信息等）communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n.交际，通讯pete [kəmˈpiːt] vi. 比赛，竞赛competence [ˈkɔmpətəns] n.能力，胜任，管辖权competition [kɔmpəˈtɪʃ(ə)n] n. 比赛，竞赛competitor [kəmˈpetɪtə(r)] n. 竞赛者，比赛者19.conclude [kənˈkluːd] v. 完成，结束conclusion [kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n] n. 结论；结束20.consider [kənˈsɪdə(r)] vt. 考虑considerate [kənˈsɪdərət] a. 体贴的consideration [kənsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 考虑；关心21.convenience n. convenient adj. 方便的22.construct [kənˈstrʌkt] v. 构筑；建造，建设construction [kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n.建造，建设，建筑物D1.danger [ˈdeɪndʒə(r)] n. 危险dangerous [ˈdeɪndʒərəs] a. 危险的2.dark [dɑːk] n. 黑暗；暗处；日暮 a. 黑暗的；深色的darkness [ˈdɑːknɪs] n. 黑暗，阴暗3.die [daɪ] v. 死 dead 死的，无生命的death [deθ] n. 死4.decide [dɪˈsaɪd] v. 决定；下决心decision [dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n] n. 决定；决心5.deep [diːp] a. 深 ad. 深；深厚deeply [ˈdiːplɪ] ad. 深深地depth [depθ] n. 深，深度66.delight [dɪˈlaɪt] n. 快乐；乐事delighted [di'laitid] a. 高兴的，快乐的7.develop [dɪˈveləp] v. （使）发展；（使）发达；（使）发育；开发 vt. 冲洗（照片）development [dɪˈveləpmənt] n. 发展，发达，发育，8.devote [dɪˈvəʊt] vt. 把…奉献，把…专用（于）devotion [dɪˈvəʊʃ(ə)n] n. 奉献，奉献精神9.differ [ˈdɪfə(r)] v. 相异，有区别difference [ˈdɪfrəns] n. 不同different [ˈdɪfrənt] a. 不同的，有差异的10.difficult [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] a.难；艰难；不易相处difficulty [ˈdɪfɪkəltɪ] n. 困难，费力11.disagree [dɪsəˈɡriː] vi. 意见不一致，持不同意见disagreement [dɪsəˈɡriːmənt] n. 意见不一致；争论12.disappoint [dɪsəˈpɔɪnt]vt. 使失望be disappointed at 感到失望的disappointing令人失望的disappointment [dɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 失望；沮丧13.discover [dɪˈskʌvə(r)] vt. 发现discovery [dɪˈskʌvərɪ] n. 发现14.discuss [dɪsˈkʌs] vt. 讨论，议论discussion [dɪsˈkʌʃ(ə)n] n. 讨论，辩论15.distance [ˈdɪstəns] n. 距离distant [ˈdɪst(ə)nt] a. 远的，遥远的E1.easy [ˈiːzɪ] a. 容易的，不费力的easily [ˈiːzɪlɪ] ad. 容易地2.east [iːst]a. 东方；东部的；朝东的； ad. 在东方；eastern [ˈiːst(ə)n] a. 东方的；东部的cate [ˈedjʊkeɪt] vt. 教育，培养educator ['edju:keitə(r)] n. 教育家education [edjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 教育，培养4.engine [ˈendʒɪn] n. 发动机，引擎学+-科/-网engineer [endʒɪˈnɪə(r)] n. 工程师；技师5.enjoy [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] vt.欣赏；享受乐趣；喜欢enjoyable [ɪnˈdʒɔɪəb(ə)l]a. 愉快的；有趣的6.equal [ˈiːkw(ə)l] a.平等的 vt.等于，使等于equality [iːˈkwɔlətɪ] n. 平等82.equip [ɪˈkwɪp] vt. 提供设备；装备；配备equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] n. 装备，设备7.exact [ɪɡˈzækt] a. 精确的；确切的exactly [ex'act·ly] ad. 精确地；确切地8.exist [ɪg'zɪst] vi. 存在existence [ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)ns] n.存在；生存；存在物9.explain [ɪksˈpleɪn] vt. 解释，说明explanation [ekspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 解释，说明10.express [ɪkˈspres] vt. 表达；表情 n. 快车，特快专递expression [ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n]n. 表达；词句；表情11.extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] a. 极其的，非常的extremely [ɪkˈstriːmlɪ] ad. 极其，非常F1.fail [feɪl] v. 失败；不及格；衰退failure [ˈfeɪljə(r)] n. 失败2.fair [feə(r)] a. 公平的，合理的 a. (肤色)白皙的；（人）白肤金发的 n. 集市；庙会；展览会fairly [ˈfeəlɪ] ad. 公正地，正当地；相当（程度）地fairness ['fɛənis] n. 公平；公正3.firm [fɜːm] n.公司；企业 a.坚固的，坚定的firmly [ˈfɜːmlɪ] ad. 牢牢地4.fluency ['fluənsi] n.（外语）流利，流畅fluent [ˈfluːənt] a. （外语）流利的，流畅5.fool [fuːl] n. 傻子，蠢人foolish [ˈfuːlɪʃ] a. 愚蠢的，傻的6.foreign [ˈfɔrən； (US) ˈfɔːrɪn] a. 外国的foreigner [ˈfɔrənə(r)] n. 外国人7.forget [fəˈrevə(r)] (forgot， forgotten) v. 忘记；忘掉forgetful [fəˈɡetfʊl] a. 健忘的，不留心的8.fortunate [ˈfɔːtʃənət] a. 幸运的；侥幸的fortune [ˈfɔːtjuːn，ˈfɔːtʃuːn] n. 财产；运气9.free [friː] a. 自由，空闲的；免费的freedom [ˈfriːdəm] n. 自由10.friend [frend] n. 朋友friendly [ˈfrendlɪ] a. 友好的friendship [ˈfrendʃɪp] n. 友谊，友情G1.gift [ɡɪft] n. 赠品；礼物gifted [ˈɡɪftɪd] a. 有天赋的；有才华的2.grow (grew， grown) [ɡrəʊ] v. 生长；发育；种植；变成growth [ɡrəʊθ] n. 生长，增长3. guidance [ˈɡaɪdəns] n. 引导，指导guide [ɡaɪd] n. 向导，导游者H1. happy [ˈhæpɪ] a.幸福；快乐的，高兴的happily ['hæpɪlɪ] ad. 幸福地，快乐地happiness [ˈhæpɪnɪs] n. 幸福，愉快2. hard [hɑːd] ad. 努力地；使劲；猛烈地 a.硬的；困难的；艰难的hardly [ˈhɑːdlɪ] ad. 几乎不hardship [ˈhɑːdʃɪp] n. 困难3. harm [hɑːm] n.&v. 伤害；损伤harmful [ˈhɑːmfʊl] a.有害的；致伤的harmless [ˈhɑːmlɪs] a. 无害的；不致伤的4. health [helθ] n. 健康，卫生healthy [ˈhelθɪ] a. 健康的，健壮的5.heavy [ˈhevɪ] a. 重的heavily [ˈhevɪlɪ] ad. 重地，大量地6.help [help] n. & vt. 帮助，帮忙helpful [ˈhelpfʊl] a. 有帮助的，有益的7.hope [həʊp] n.& v. 希望hopeful [ˈhəʊpfʊl] a. 有希望的；有前途的hopeless a.没有希望，不可救药的8.humorous [ˈhjuːmərəs] a. 富于幽默的humour (美humor) ['hju:mə] n.幽默，幽默感9. hunger [ˈhʌŋɡə(r)] n. 饥饿hungry [ˈhʌŋɡrɪ] a. （饥）饿的I1. ill [ɪl] a. 有病的；不健康的illness [ˈɪlnɪs] n. 疾病1. importance [ɪmˈpɔːt(ə)ns] n. 重要性important [ɪmˈpɔːtənt] a. 重要的3. imagine vt. 想象 imaginary adj. 想象的imagination n. 想象4. impossible [ɪmˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a. 不可能的possible 可能的5. impress [ɪmˈpres] vt. 留下极深的印象impression [ɪmˈpreʃ(ə)n] n. 印象，感觉6. improve 改善，提高 improvement7.independent 独立的 independence8. instruct [ɪnˈstrʌkt] vt. 通知；指示；教instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 说明，须知；教导9. interest [ˈɪntrəst] n. 兴趣，趣味；利息interesting [ˈɪntrətɪŋ] a. 有趣的interested 感兴趣的10. intelligence 智力，intelligent 聪明的11. introduce [ɪntrəˈdjuːs； (US) -duːs] vt. 介绍introduction [ɪntrəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 引进，介绍12. invent [ɪnˈvent] vt. 发明，创造invention [ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n] n. 发明，创造13. invitation [ɪnvɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 邀请，请帖invite [ɪnˈvaɪt] vt. 邀请，招待J1. judge [dʒʌdʒ] n. 裁判；审判员；法官vt. 判断，断定judgement ['dʒʌdʒmənt] n. 裁判2. juice [dʒuːs] n. 汁、液学+-科/+网juicy [dʒuːsɪ] a. 多汁的；水分多的K1. kind [kaɪnd] n. 种；类 a. 善良，友好的kindness [ˈkaɪndnɪs] n. 仁慈；善良L1. last [lɑːst； (US) læst] a.最近刚过去；最后的ad.最近刚过去；最后地 n.最后v.持续late [leɪt] a.晚的，迟的ad.晚地，迟地lately [ˈleɪtlɪ] ad. 最近，不久前later [ˈleɪtə(r)] a. 晚些的，迟些的latest [ˈleɪtɪst] a.最近，最新的；最晚的latter [ˈlætə(r)] n.（两者之中的）后者zy 懒惰的 lazily 懒惰地 laziness n. 懒惰3. laugh [lɑːf] n.& v. 笑，大笑；嘲笑laughter [ˈlɑːftə(r)； (US) ˈlæftər] n. 笑；笑声4. learn (learnt， learnt；--ed --ed) [lɜːn] vt. 学，学习，学会learned [ˈlɜːnɪd] a. 有才华的；博学的5. live [lɪv] vi. 生活；居住；活着 a. 活的，活着的；实况，现场（直播）的lively [ˈlaɪvlɪ] a. 活泼的；充满生气的living [ˈlɪvɪŋ] a. 活着的 n. 生计6. legal 合法的 illegal 违法的7. loud [laʊd] a. 大声的loudly [laʊdlɪ] ad. 大声地8. love [lʌv] n.& vt. 爱；热爱；很喜欢lovely [ˈlʌvlɪ] a. 美好的，可爱的9. luck [lʌk] n. 运气，好运lucky [ˈlʌkɪ] a. 运气好，侥幸M1. marriage [ˈmærɪdʒ] n. 结婚，婚姻married [ˈmærɪd] a. 已婚的marry [ˈmærɪ] v.（使）成婚，结婚2. memory [ˈmemərɪ] n. 回忆，记忆memorize [ˈmeməraɪz] v. 记忆3.mental [ˈment(ə)l] a. 精神的；脑力的mentally [ˈmentəlɪ] ad. 精神上；智力上4.merciful [ˈmɜːsɪfʊl] a. 仁慈的；宽大的mercy [ˈmɜːsɪ] n. 怜悯5.mess [mes] n. 凌乱messy [ˈmesɪ] a. 乱七八糟的6. mistake (mistook， mistaken) [mɪsˈteɪk] n. 错误 vt. 弄错mistaken [mɪsˈteɪkən] a. 错误的7. mix [mɪks] v. 混合，搅拌mixture [ˈmɪkstʃə(r)] n. 混合物8. move [m uːv] v. 移动，搬动，搬家movement [ˈmuːvmənt] n. 运动，活动9. modern 现代的 modernize vt.使现代化modernization 现代化N1. nature [ˈneɪtʃə(r)] n. 自然，性质，种类natural [ˈnætʃər(ə)l] a. 自然的2. nation 国家 national 国家的nationality 国籍3. near [nɪə(r)] a. 近的 ad. 附近，邻近 prep. 在……附近，靠近nearby [ˈnɪəbaɪ] a. 附近的nearly [ˈnɪəlɪ] ad. 将近，几乎4. necessary 必需的 necessarily 必需地necessity n. 必需品5. nine [naɪn] num. 九ninth [naɪnθ] num. 第九6. noise [nɔɪz] n. 声音，噪声，喧闹声noisily ['nɔɪzɪlɪ] ad. 喧闹地noisy [ˈnɔɪzɪ] a. 喧闹的，嘈杂的7. normal [ˈnɔːm(ə)l] n.& a. 正常的（状态）abnormal 反常的 normally adv.正常地8. north [nɔːθ] a.北的；朝北的；从北来的 ad.向（在，从）北方 n.北；北方；北部northern [ˈnɔːð(ə)n] a. 北方的，北部的northwards [ˈnɔːθwədz] ad. 向北（学科）网9. novel [ˈnɔv(ə)l] n. （长篇）小说novelist [ˈnɔvəlɪst] n. 小说家10. nurse [nɜːs] n. 护士；保育员nursery [ˈnɜːsərɪ] n. 托儿所nursing [nɜːsɪŋ] n.(职业性的）保育，护理O1. operate[ˈɔpəreɪt] v. 做手术，运转；实施，负责，经营，管理operation [ɔpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 手术，操作operator [ˈɔpəreɪtə(r)] n. 接线员2. oppose [əˈpəʊz] vt. 反对；反抗opposite [ˈɔpəzɪt] n. 相反，对面 a. 相反的，对面的3. organize ['ɔ:gənaiz] vt. 组织organiser (organizer) ['ɔ:gənaizə] n. 组织者organization [ɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n. 组织，机构P1. pain [peɪn] n. 疼痛，疼painful [ˈpeɪnfʊl] a. 使痛的，使痛苦的paint [peɪnt] n.油漆 vt.油漆，粉刷，绘画painter [ˈpeɪntə(r)] n. 绘画者，（油）画家painting [ˈpeɪntɪŋ] n. 油画，水彩画2. part [pɑːt] n. 部分；成分partly [ˈpɑːtlɪ] ad.部分地，在一定程度上3. patience n. 容忍；耐心patient [ˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt] n. 病人，耐心的4. peace [piːs] n. 和平peaceful [ˈpiːsfʊl] a. 和平的，安宁的5. perform [pəˈfɔːm] v. 表演，履行；行动performance [pəˈfɔːm] n. 演出，表演performer [pəˈfɔːmə(r)] n. 表演者，执行者6. person [ˈpɜːs(ə)n] n. 人personal [ˈpɜːsən(ə)l] a. 个人的，私人的personnel [pɜːsəˈnel] n. 全体人员，职员personally [ˈpɜːsənəlɪ] ad. 就自己而言7.physical [ˈfɪzɪk(ə)l] a. 身体的；物理的physician [fɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n] n.(有行医执照的)医生8. physicist [ˈfɪzɪsɪst] n. 物理学家physics [ˈfɪzɪks] n. 物理（学）9. pleasant [ˈplezənt] a. 令人愉快的，舒适的please [pliːz] v. 请，使人高兴，使人满意pleased [pliːzd] a. 高兴的pleasure [pliːzd] n. 高兴，愉快10. poem [ˈpəʊɪm] n. 诗poet [ˈpəʊɪt] n. 诗人11. poison [ˈpɔɪz(ə)n] n. 毒药poisonous [ˈpɔɪzənəs] a. 有毒的，致命的12. pollute [pəˈluːt] vt. 污染pollution [pəˈluːʃ(ə)n] n. 污染13. possess [pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] vt. 占有；拥有possession [pəˈzeʃ(ə)n] n. 所有，拥有；财产，所有物14. possibility [pɔsɪˈbɪlɪtɪ] vn. 可能，可能性possible [ˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a. 可能的15. power [ˈpaʊdə(r)] n. 力，动力，电力powerful [ˈpaʊəfʊl] a. 效力大的，强有力的，强大的16. practical [ˈpræktɪk(ə)l] a. 实际的，适用的practice(s)e [ˈpræktɪs] n. 练习17. prefer [prɪˈfɜː(r)] vt.宁愿（选择），更喜欢preference [ˈprefərəns] n. 选择，趋向18. preparation [prepəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 准备prepare [prɪˈpeə(r)] vt. 准备，预备，调制，配制19.press [ˈprezɪdənt] vt.压，按 n.新闻界，出版社pressure [ˈpreʃə(r)] n. 压迫，压力，压强20. probable [ˈprɔbəb(ə)l] a.很可能，很有希望的probably [ˈprɔbəb(ə)lɪ] ad. 很可能，大概21. produce [prəˈdjuːs； (US) -ˈduːs] vt. 生产；制造product [ˈprɔdʌkt] n. 产品，制品production [prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 生产；制造22. pronounce [prəˈnaʊns] vt. 发音pronunciation [prənʌnsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 发音23. proper [ˈprɔpə(r)] a. 恰当的，合适的properly [ˈprɔpəlɪ] ad. 适当地24. protect [prəˈtekt] vt. 保护protection [prəˈtekʃ(ə)n] n. 保护25. proud [praʊd] a. 自豪的；骄傲的pride [praɪd] n. 自豪，骄傲26. puzzle [ˈpʌz(ə)l] n. 难题，（字、画）谜puzzled [ˈpʌz(ə)l] a. 迷惑的，困惑的R1. rain [reɪn] n. 雨，雨水 vi. 下雨rainy [ˈreɪnɪ] a. 下雨的；多雨的2. real [riːl] a. 真实的，确实的reality [rɪˈælɪtɪ] n. 现实realise (美realize) [ˈrɪəlaɪz] vt.认识到，实现really v [ˈrɪəlɪ] ad. 真正地；到底；确实3. reason [ˈriːz(ə)n] vi.评理，劝说n.理由，原因reasonable [ˈriːzənəb(ə)l] a. 合乎情理的4. refusal [rɪˈfjuːz(ə)l] n. 拒绝refuse [rɪˈfjuːz] vi. 拒绝，不愿5. relate [rɪˈleɪt] vi. 有关；涉及relation [rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 关系；亲属relationship [rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp] n. 关系relative [ˈrelətɪv] n. 亲属，亲戚6. rely [rɪˈlaɪ] v. 依赖，依靠学+.科/网reliable [rɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l] a. 可信赖的，可依靠的7. religion [rɪˈlɪdʒən] n. 宗教religious [rɪˈlɪdʒəs] a. 宗教的8. require [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] vt. 需求；要求requirement [rɪˈkwaɪəmənt] n. 需要；要求；必要的条件9. reservation [rezəˈveɪʃ(ə)n] n. 预定reserve [rɪˈzɜːv] n. & v. 储备；预定S1.sad [sæd] a. （使人）悲伤的sadness [ˈsædnɪs] n. 悲哀，忧伤2. safe [seɪf] a. 安全的 n. 保险柜safety [ˈseɪftɪ] n. 安全，保险3. sail [seɪl] n. 航行 v. 航行，开航sailing [ˈseɪlɪŋ] n. 航海sailor [ˈseɪlə(r)] n. 水手，海员4. salt [sɔːlt， sɔlt] n. 盐salty [ˈsɔːltɪ，ˈsɔltɪ] a. 盐的，咸的，含盐的5. scene [sɪːn] n. （戏剧、电影等的）一场，场景，布景scenery [ˈsiːnərɪ] n. 风景，景色，风光6.science [ˈsaɪəns] n. 科学，自然科学scientific [saɪənˈtɪfɪk] a. 科学的scientist [ˈsaɪəntɪst] n. 科学家7. secure [sɪˈkjʊə(r)] a.安心的，有把握的，牢靠的security [sɪˈkjʊərɪtɪ] n. 安全，平安8. serve [sɜːv] vt. 招待（顾客等），服务service [ˈsɜːvɪs] n. 服务9. settle [ˈset(ə)l] vi. 安家，定居settlement [ˈsetəlmənt] n. 新拓居地；（美）部落，村落settler [ˈsetlə(r)] n. 移居者，开拓者10.sick [sɪk] a.有病，患病的，（想）呕吐sickness [ˈsɪknɪs] n. 疾病11. silence[ˈsaɪləns] n. 安静，沉默silentˈsaɪlənt] a. 无声的，无对话的12. simple[ˈsɪmp(ə)l] a. 简单的，简易的simplify[ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ] v. 使简化，使简易simply [ˈsɪmplɪ] ad.简单地，(加强语气)的确13. skill [skiː] n. 技能，技巧skilled [skiː] a. 熟练的；有技能的skillful [ˈskɪlf(ə)l]a. 熟练，精湛的，灵巧的skillfully ['skilfuli] ad. 精湛地，巧妙地14. sleep [sliːp]n. 睡觉sleep (slept，slept) [sliːp] vi. 睡觉sleepy [sliːp]a. 想睡的，困倦的，瞌睡的15.smell (smelt， smelt 或-ed，-ed) [smel] v. 嗅，闻到；发气味 n. 气味smelly [ˈsmelɪ] a. 有臭味的，发出臭味的16.smoke [smaɪl] n. 烟 v. 冒烟；吸烟smoker [ˈsməʊkə(r)] n. 吸烟者学+*科-*网smoking [ˈsməʊkɪŋ]n. 吸烟，抽烟；冒烟17.snow [snəʊ] n. 雪 vi.下雪snowy [ˈsnəʊɪ] a. 雪(白)的；下雪的；多(积)雪的18.social [ˈsəʊʃ(ə)l]a. 社会的；社交的socialism [ˈsəʊʃəlɪz(ə)m] n. 社会主义socialist [ˈsəʊʃəlɪst] a. 社会主义的society [səˈsaɪətɪ]n. 社会19.spirit [ˈspɪrɪt]n. 精神spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtʃʊəl]a. 精神的；心灵的20. strength [streŋθ] n. 力量，力气strengthen [ˈstreŋθ(ə)n] vt. 加强，增强strong [strɔŋ； (US) strɔːɡ] a. 强(壮)的；坚固的；强烈的；坚强的21. succeed [səkˈsiːd] vi. 成功success [səkˈses] n. 成功successful [səkˈsesfʊl] a. 成功的，有成就的22. suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)] vi. 受苦，遭受suffering [ˈsʌfərɪŋ] n. 痛苦，苦难23. suggest [səˈdʒest； (US) səɡˈdʒest] vt. 建议，提议suggestion [səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n] n. 建议24. sun [sʌn] n. 太阳，阳光sunny [ˈsʌnɪ] a. 晴朗的；阳光充足的25. surround [səˈraʊnd]vt. 围绕；包围surrounding [səˈraʊndɪŋ] a. 周围的26. survival [səˈvaɪv(ə)l] n. 存活，幸存survive [səˈvaɪv] v.生存，存活，幸免于难T1. technical [ˈteknɪk(ə)l] a. 技术的，工艺的technique [ˈteknɪk(ə)l] n. 技术；技巧，方法technology [tekˈnɔlədʒɪ] n. 技术2. thank [θæŋk] vt. 感谢，致谢，道谢 n. （复）感谢，谢意thankful [ˈθæŋkfʊl] a. 感谢的，感激的3. th eoretical [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] a. 理论的theory [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] n. 理论4. thirst [θɜːd] n. 渴；口渴thirsty [ˈθɜːstɪ] a. 渴5. tire [ˈtaɪə(r)] vi. 使疲劳tired [ˈtaɪəd] a. 疲劳的，累的tiresome a. 令人厌倦的6. total [ˈtəʊt(ə)l] a. 总数的；总括的；完全的，全然的 n.合计，总计 v.合计为totally [ˈtɔt(ə)lɪ] ad. 总合地，完全地7. tour [tʊə(r)] n. 参观，观光，旅行tourism [ˈtʊərɪz(ə)m] n. 旅游业；观光tourist [ˈtʊərɪst] vn. 旅行者，观光者8. tradition [trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] n. 传统，风俗traditional [trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] a. 传统的，风俗的9. train [treɪn] n. 火车 v. 培训，训练trainer [treɪˈnə(r)] n. 训练人；教练training [ˈtreɪnɪŋ] n. 培训10. translate [trænsˈleɪt] vt. 翻译translation [trænsˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 翻译；译文translator [træns'leitə] n. 翻译家，译者11. travel [ˈtræv(ə)l] n.& vi.旅行traveler [ˈtrævələ(r)] n. 旅行者12. treat [triːt] vt. 对待，看待treatment [ˈtriːtmənt] n. 治疗，疗法13. trouble [ˈtrʌb(ə)l] vt. 使苦恼，使忧虑，使麻烦 n.问题，疾病，烦恼，麻烦troublesome [ˈtrʌb(ə)lsəm] a.令人烦恼，讨厌14. true [truː] a. 真的，真实的；忠诚的truly [ˈtruːlɪ] ad. 真正地，真实地truth [truːθ] n. 真理，事实，真相，实际15. type [ˈtaɪp] vt. 打字typist [ˈtaɪpɪst] n. 打字员U1.unfortunate [ʌnˈfəʊld] a. 不幸的unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnətlɪ] ad. 不幸地2. use [juːz] n.& vt.利用，使用，应用useful [ˈjuːsfʊl] a. 有用的，有益的useless [ˈjuːslɪs] a. 无用的user [ˈjuːzə] n. 使用者；用户3. usual [ˈjuːʒʊəl] a. 通常的，平常的usually [ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ] ad. 通常，经常4. valuable [ˈvæljʊəb(ə)l] a. 值钱的，贵重的value [ˈvæljuː] n. 价值，益处V1.variety [vəˈraɪətɪ] n. 种种，种类various [ˈveərɪəs] a. 各种各样的，不同的2. violence [ˈvaɪələns] n. 暴力行为violent [ˈvaɪələnt] a. 暴力的3. violin [vaɪəˈlɪn] n. 小提琴violinist [vaɪəˈlɪnɪst] n. 提琴家，提琴手4. visit [ˈviːzə] n.& vt. 参观，访问，拜访visitor [ˈvɪzɪtə(r)] n. 访问者，参观者5. wait [weɪt] vi. 等，等候waiter [ˈweɪtə(r)] n. （餐厅）男服务员waitress [tres] n. 女服务员6. warm [wɔːm] a. 暖和的，温暖的；热情的warmth [wɔːmθ] n. 暖和，温暖7. weak [wiːk] a. 差的，弱的，淡的weakness [ˈwiːknɪs] n. 软弱8. wealth [welθ] n. 财产，财富wealthy [ˈwelθɪ] a. 富的9. week [wiːk] n. 星期，周weekday [ˈwiːkdeɪ] n. 平日weekend [wiːkˈend，ˈwiːkend] n. 周末weekly [ˈwiːklɪ] a. 每周的10. weigh [weɪ] vt. 称…的重量，重（若干）weight [weɪt] n. 重，重量11. wind [wɪnd] n. 风windy [ˈwɪndɪ] a. 有风的，多风的12. wisdom [ˈwɪzdəm] n. 智慧学*科+网wise [waɪz] a. 聪明，英明的，有见识的13. wonder [ˈwʌndə(r)] v. 对…疑惑，感到惊奇，想知道 n. 惊讶，惊叹；奇迹wonderful [ˈwʌndəfʊl] a. 美妙的，精彩的；了不起的；太好了14. wood [ˈwʌndəfʊl] n.木头，木材，(复)树木，森林wooden [ˈwʊd(ə)n] a. 木制的15. woo [wʊl] l n. 羊毛，羊绒woollen ['wulin] a. 羊毛的，羊毛制的16. work [wɜːk] n. 工作，劳动，事情 vi. 工作；(机器、器官等)运转，活动workday ['wə:kdei] n. 工作日worker [ˈwɜːkə(r)] n. 工人；工作者workforce ['wə:kfɔ:s] n. 劳动力workmate ['wə:kfɔ:s] n. 同事；工友workplace [wɜːkpleɪs] n.工作场所，车间works [wɜːks] n. 著作，作品17. worried ['wɜrɪd /'wʌ-] a. 担心的，烦恼的worry [ˈwʌrɪ] n.& v.烦恼，担忧，发怒，困扰18. worth [wɜːθ] a. 有…的价值，值得…的worthless [ˈwɜːθlɪs] a.没有价值，没有用的worthwhile [wɜːθˈwaɪl] a. 值得做的worthy [wɜːθˈwaɪl] a. 值得的。