句子成分学案

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Members of a Sentence and the basic
sentence structure.
句子成分及简单句基本类型
主语subject
意义:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事
充当词类:名词(n.)代词(pron.)数词(num.)不定式(to do)动名词(doing),短语(phrases)或句子(sentences)
1.China is a great country.
2.We often speak English in class.
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.
4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
5.Smoking does harm to the health.
句子成分练习题( 一)
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
谓语predicate
意义:说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样
充当词类:动词(v.)或动词词组(v.phrases)
•He practices running every morning.动词
•She takes good care of her mother. 动词词组
句子成分练习题( 二)选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C.go
D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
A. give
B.did
C. whom
D. book
宾语object
意义:表示动作行为的对象
充当词类(同主语)名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短
语或句子
He is going to buy a dictionary.名词
We should learn from him.代词
---How many dictionaries do you have?
---I have five.数词
He pretended not to see me.不定式(短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.动名词(短语)
I think (that) he is fit for his office.从句
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑥They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
宾语的种类
直接宾语(direct object)
Lend me your dictionary , please.
间接宾语(indirect object)
The company sent us a few computers last year.
He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.
(四) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
基本句型一:SV(主+谓)
1. The sun rose.
2. Who cares?
3. What he said does not matter.
4. They talked for half an hour.
5. The pen writes smoothly
基本句型二:SVO(主+谓+宾)
1. Who knows the answer?
2. He has refuse to help them.
3. He enjoys reading.
4. He said "Good morning."
5. He admits that he was mistaken.
基本句型三:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
1.She bought herself a new dress.
2. He brought you a dictionary.
3. I showed him my pictures.
4. I told him that the bus was late.
5. He showed me how to run the machine.
(五)指出下列句子属于那种结构
They talked for half an hour.
•She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
He said,“Hello ”.
Who knows the answer?
He enjoys reading.
Summary
按结构提示造句子并指出句子成分
SVoO
SVO
SV。